Chapter 8Lecture 8.5 Hybridization

Section 8.3Bonding Theories

Molecular Orbitals

• an orbital formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals–Bonding orbital• Can be occupied by two electrons in a covalent

bond–Sigma Bond–Pi Bond

Sigma Bondσ

• Head-on overlap of two atomic orbitals• Has axial symmetry

Sigma Bondσ

Hydrogen, H2

Sigma Bondσ

Fluorine, F2

Pi Bondπ

• Side by side overlap of two orbitals

Ethene

Ethyne

H - C = C - H

CH4

Hybridizaton

• The combination of orbitals

sp3

8.3 Hybrid Orbitalssp2

– Hybridization Involving Double Bonds

sp2

Ethene, C2H4

Ethene

spethyne, C2H2

8.3

Hybrid Orbitals

– Hybridization Involving Triple Bonds

Ethyne

H - C = C - H