Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little...

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Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell – Small ~ 1-2µm • 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? – No Nucleus – Little Internal Structure – Some are Motile – Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote 10-200 μm

Transcript of Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little...

Page 1: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Biology

Prokaryotic Cell– Small ~ 1-2µm

• 01-50 µmMax.? Min.?

– No Nucleus– Little Internal

Structure– Some are Motile– Unicellular or Cluster

Eukaryote 10-200 μm

Page 2: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Nanobacteria

• 0.1 μm

• 104 – 105 /ml

• Ocean waters

• 0.15 μm minimum size?

Page 3: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Always Exceptions? Max?

E. fishelsoni - 600µm

Multiple genomes

Page 4: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Shapes

• Bacillus• Coccus• Spirillum• Spirochetes• Appendaged

Page 5: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Clusters

• Pairs – Diplo…

Diplococcus• Chains – Strepto..

Streptococcus• Others –

Staphylococcus

Page 6: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.
Page 7: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cytoplasmic Membrane

• Phospholipid Bilayer• No Sterols• Bacteria & Eukaryotes• Ester linkages• Archaea• Ether linkage• Lipid monolayer• Thermophiles

Page 8: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Membrane Function

• Diffusion –osmotic pressure

• Selective Permeability• Transport Proteins• Simple Transport –

proton motive force

Page 9: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Group Translocation

Glucose PEP

Pyruvate

Glucose - 6 - PO4

Transport linked to first step of Glycolysis

Page 10: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

ABC System Transport

• Periplasmic-binding protein

• Membrane-spanning protein

• Kinase

Page 11: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Export

• Translocase

• Signal sequence

• Exoenzymes

• Toxins

Page 12: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Bacterial Cell Wall

• Peptidoglycan,• Murein Layer

• n-acetylglucosamine • n-acetylmuramic acid 1-4 Linkage • Peptide Cross Links

Page 13: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Diaminopimelic acid - all G-Lysine - most G+d-Alanine, d-Glutamic acid

Page 14: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.
Page 15: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Gram Positive Cell Wall

• Multi-Track layer• 25 layers• Teichoic Acid• Lysozyme

Protoplast• Autolysins

Page 16: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Teichoic –Lipoteichoic acid

Page 17: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Gram Positive Gram Negative

Page 18: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Gram Negative Envelope

• Outer Membrane

Lipopolysaccharides• Peptidoglycan• Periplasmic space• Cytoplasmic

Membrane

Page 19: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Gram Negative Outer Membrane

• Lipopolysaccharides• Endotoxins

Pyrogens -Lipid A• Core Polysaccharide• O Polysaccharide• Porins• Periplasmic Space

Page 20: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Archaea Cell Wall

Pseudopeptidoglycan

Β 1-3 linkages

N acetyltalosaminuronic acid

S-Layer - most common

Page 21: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Prokaryotic DNA

• Closed Circles• E. coli chromosome

has 4.6 million Bases • Supercoiled• Haploid • Sometimes Plasmids

Page 22: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Outer Surface

Flagella

Pili - Fimbriae

Capsule

Slime Layer

Glycocalyx

Page 23: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Flagella

• Polar flagella• Lophotrichous• Peritrichous flagella• Flagellin• Self Assembly

Page 24: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Inclusion Bodies

• Poly--Hydroxybutyric Acid

• Glycogen

Page 25: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

• Polyphosphate –Metachromatic granules

• Sulfur

Page 26: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

• Magnetosomes

Varied morphology

Page 27: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Gas Vesicles

Protein coat

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Endospores

• Most Resistance Cell• Withstand Boiling• Formed in Cells• Contains Calcium

dipicolinic Acid 10%

Bacillus & Clostridium

Page 29: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Endospores need 200 genes

May live?250 million years

Page 30: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Taxis

• Chemotaxis• Tumbles – Runs• Phototaxis• Magnetotaxis• Gliding?• Twitching

Page 31: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Eukaryotic Cells

• Contains Organelles• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Chloroplasts

Page 32: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Endosymbiotic Theory

Page 33: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Biology Word ListProkaryotic 0.1-50m Transport

Cell Shape 600m Max? Proteins

Bacillus Cytoplasmic Group

Coccus Membrane Translocation

Spirillum Phospholipids Cell Wall

Spirochete Bilayer Peptidoglycan

Appendaged Sterols N-acetyl-

Strepto, Diplo, Archaea glucosamine

Staphylo. Ether-links N-acetyl-

Size? Permeability muramic acid

Page 34: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Biology Word List 2Peptide Archaea Core Poly-

Cross-links Pseudo- saccharide

Diamino- peptidoglycan Porins

pimelic acid Gram - Periplasmic

D-Alanine Lipopoly- Space

1-4 linkage saccharide Autolysin

Gram+ Outer Prokaryotic

Teichoic acid Membrane DNA

Lysozyme Endotoxin Closed Circles

Protoplast Lipid A 4.6X106Bases

Page 35: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Biology Word List 3

Supercoiled Phototaxis Acid

Haploid Magnetotaxis Glycogen

Plasmids Pili, Fimbriae Poly-

Flagella Capsule, phosphate

Polar Flagella Glycocalyx Metachromatic

Peritrichous Slime layer granules

Flagellin Inclusion Sulfur

Self-Assembly Bodies Magnetosomes

Chemotaxis Poly-- Gas Vesicles

Tumbles-Runs hydroxybutyric Endospores

Page 36: Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote.

Cell Biology Word List 4

Endospores Endosymbiotic

Dipicolinic Theory

Acid

Eukaryotic

Organelles

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts


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