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BEYOND THE FLYLEAF \A^>

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Chemical Engineering Plant Design. Frank ('. Vilbrandt. 2nd éd. 4">2 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.. 330 West 42nd St., New York, X. Y.. 1942. Price, $0.00.

J. HK new edition of this book represents a physical expansion of about one third, compared with the original edition which appeared in 1934. Pages have increased from 327 to 452v tables from 103 to 133. and illustrations from 53 to f>7. The de­scriptive text of the earlier edition has not been greatly changed, although numerous significant additions of timely material have been made.

A notable improvement is a re •arrange­ment of chapters, which enahles a more logical development of the subject in tin-following order: Introduction, Founda­tions, Drainage, Piping Installation, Pumps and Pumping, The Building, Power and Power Transmission, Develop­ment of the Design Project, Flow Dia­

grams, Selection of Process Kquipment, Plant layout and Klevation, Preeonsiruc­tion Cost Accounting, and Locating the ( 'hemical Plant.

The increased number of tables and figures, which accounts for most of the ex­tension in the new edition adds greatly to trie genuine utility of the book as a source «»f information. Outstanding additions are Utblrs on Fire» Hazard Properties of Cer­tain Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Solids, Recommendations for Xonmetallic XIaterials of Construction, Chemical Raw Material Sources, and expansion of the» sec-t ion giving typical cost data. The scope o f tin» author's treatment is further wid­ened by a much greater use of literature «-italions, particularly to recent pertinent material and to lengthy lists of suggested <-ollateral reading following many chap-t «»rs.

The design of plants in the processing industries involves so many related prob­lems that years of experience would be re­

quired to develop first-hand knowledge of many of the factors which must, be con­sidered in order to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion. This book can provide the practicing engineer with a wealth of essen­tial information regarding details of both design and cost estimation. At the same time its logical treatment can guide the development of the design project from the initial laboratory stage to the proposal and plans for a large commercial plant. It will be of particular value to the young engineer who, lacking experience, must supplement his theoretical training with an appreciation of the practical details that determine the success or failure of an actual project.

Since its introduction this has been a popular text for a design course often given to senior chemical engineering stu­dents. The new arrangement and greater factual content make it even more desir­able for such use.

HOWARD S. GARDNER

It discusses " A n g l e of Break/" relative merits of Speed-Change Baffle Bars and welded corruga­tions, and similar matters of interest to present or prospective mi If owners . . . SEND FOR IT

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Liebig and after Liebig. A Century of Progress in Agricultural Chemistry. Publication No. 16 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Edited by Forest R. MouUon. xii -f- 111 pages, 19 X 26cm. , 11 figures, 8 portraits. The American Association for the Advancement of Science, Wash­ington, D. C , 1942. Price, $2.00.

T H I S volume contains the papers pre­sented before the Sections of Chemistry and Agriculture of the American Associa­tion for the Advancement of Science in a Symposium at the Philadelphia meeting December 1940. One hundred years earlier Justus von Liebig's 'Organic Chemistry in Its Application to Agricul­ture and Physiology" had been published and, since it had such a profound effect in directing scientific thought toward agri­cultural problems, the centenary of its ap­pearance was made the occasion of this symposium.

Following an introductory chapter by Charles A. Browne on Justus von Lie-big—Man and Teacher, the volume is divided into two sections. Section I, "Organic Chemistry, Enzymes and Nutri­tion", contains papers by H. R. Kraybill, '•Liebig's Influence in the Promotion of Agricultural Chemical Research"; H. B. Vickery, "Liebig and the Chemistry of Proteins"; A. K. Balls, "Liebig and the

CONTINUED ON PAGE 824

822 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

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Beyond the Flyleaf CONTINUED FROM PAOB 8 2 2

Chemistry of Enzymes and Fermenta­tion"; and Paul E. Howe "Liebig and the Chemistry of Animal Nutrition". Section Γ I, "Soils, Fertilizers, and the Mineral Re­quirements of Plants" contains papers by R. Hradfield, "Liebig and the Chemistry of the Soil"; S. A. Waksman, "Liebig— T h e Humus Theory and the Role of Humus in Plant Nutrition"; H. A. Curtis, "Liebig and the Chemistry of Mineral Fer­tilizers"; C. A. Browne, "Liebig and the Law of the Minimum" ; and Β. E. Living­ston, "Liebig and the Mineral Require­ments of Plants as Indicated by Means of Solution Cultures".

The authors of the various chapters alone would attest to the excellence and thoroughness with which the topics are discussed. Each and every one of the authors has given evidence in his chapter of a profound study of Liebig's views and scientific contributions, and has shown how these have inBuenced later workers. T h e story each tells is fascinating, and most of the chapters sweep the reader along the stream of scientific achievement with an almost endless view of scientific landmarks.

A hundred years later is perhaps the best advantage point from which to view

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the accomplishments of any individual. That which remains has been stripped from the dross and appears as true gold. Liebig left much gold behind and it is brought out in this volume in all of its brilliance. Too often we forget to look behind our present knowledge for the sources from which our science arose. Every student of chemistry, and especially those interested in agricul­tural chemistry or in biochemistry, should read this volume. They not only would acquire a historical perspective of how their science came to be but they should get some appreciation of the thrill which is associated with a new discovery or the formulation of a new scientific theory—a discovery or a theory which may pro­foundly affect the thinking of future gen­erations.

T o review adequately any chapter would be to quote it in its entirety. Es­sentially each paragraph is pertinent. This volume should become a classic in the field of chemical history. It will bear reading and re-reading as the years go by.

Ross A I K E N GORTNER

Equilibrium and Kinetics of Gas Reac­tions. An Introduction to the Quan­tum-Statistical Treatment of Chemical Processes . Robert ΛΓ. Pease. 1st ed. 236 pages. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N . J., 1942. Price, $3.75.

1 HIS is a textbook designed for students well grounded in the principles of chem­istry and mathematics. I t is written in a refreshing style, the author always letting the reader in on what he is going to discuss next. It abounds in practical illustrations, so that a chemist or chemical engineer who has not been in a classroom for years will find much of profitable interest.

Part I consists of three chapters devoted to chemical equilibrium. The first and second chapters contain an excellent review of the contributions of thermodynamics to this subject. I n Chapter III is given a sur­vey of the quantum-statistical method of calculating free energies and equilibrium constants. A number of examples shows that equilibrium constants may be calcu­lated from data entirely independent of chemical measurements of equilibria.

T h e second and largest part of the book deals with the kinetics of gas reactions. I t begins with a brief résumé of a rate equa­tion based on a statistical treatment and on the assumption of the existence of an activated complex in equilibrium with the reactant molecules. Then follow several chapters in which various types of reac­tion are taken up and discussed in the light of this theory.

T h e book is sufficiently different from others pertaining to the subject to warrant careful study b y all chemists interested in the field. I t should prove to be very use­ful as a text and reference in courses of about the first-year graduate level.

F. E. BLACET

824 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

SARGENT

F R E D S . C A R V E R H Y D R A U L C E Q U I P M E N T 3 4 7 A H U D S O N S T . . N E W Y O R K

SCIENTIFIC

THE CARVER LABORATORY . PRESS

Low Cost Combustion Boot Makes One-time Use Practical

Boats retain their original shape and will not fuse to tubes. Thick base prevents pene­tration of fused sample. Large inside area permits free flow of sample to form uniform thin layer. Boats arc die formed and so have perfectly smooth surfaces* straight sides and excellent dimensional uniformity.

Boats with cover fit \\" combustion tube. Large flat ends stabilize boat, so facilitating insertion or removal. Outside length, 77 mm; outside width, 12. S mm; outside height, 9 mm; inside length, 8mm; inside depth, 5 S-21850 Sargent H i g h Temperature C o m b u t · t ion Boat wi thout cover. Per 100 $ 7.75 Per 500 J1 .00 Per 1000 45 .00

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E. H . S A R G E N T & C O . 1 5 5 - 1 6 5 E . Superior St . , Chicago, III.

LABORATORY SUPPLIES

Beyond the Flyleaf CONTINUED FROM PAOB 8 2 2

Chemistry of Enzymes and Fermenta­tion"; and Paul E. Howe "Liebig and the Chemistry of Animal Nutrition". Section Γ I, "Soils, Fertilizers, and the Mineral Re­quirements of Plants" contains papers by R. Hradfield, "Liebig and the Chemistry of the Soil"; S. A. Waksman, "Liebig— T h e Humus Theory and the Role of Humus in Plant Nutrition"; H. A. Curtis, "Liebig and the Chemistry of Mineral Fer­tilizers"; C. A. Browne, "Liebig and the Law of the Minimum" ; and Β. E. Living­ston, "Liebig and the Mineral Require­ments of Plants as Indicated by Means of Solution Cultures".

The authors of the various chapters alone would attest to the excellence and thoroughness with which the topics are discussed. Each and every one of the authors has given evidence in his chapter of a profound study of Liebig's views and scientific contributions, and has shown how these have inBuenced later workers. T h e story each tells is fascinating, and most of the chapters sweep the reader along the stream of scientific achievement with an almost endless view of scientific landmarks.

A hundred years later is perhaps the best advantage point from which to view

QUICK, ACCURATE TESTS AT MINIMUM EXPENSE

'ΑΤΕ TESTS

F o r Rseseasrclh.—for testing/ ior the production of samples, and for small output operations — trie Car­v e r Laboratory Press^ is k n o w n and u s e d ttiroucjliout the world.

Powerful, inexpens ive , compact — a n d standardized with complete ac­cessories for various uses or Genera l Research as desired.

Load r a n g e of standard press from 0 to 10 tons. Also 20-ton size avail-a b l e o n order, and specia l large accurate g a u g e s for l o w pressure worlc w h e n required.

Write for complete catalog.

the accomplishments of any individual. That which remains has been stripped from the dross and appears as true gold. Liebig left much gold behind and it is brought out in this volume in all of its brilliance. Too often we forget to look behind our present knowledge for the sources from which our science arose. Every student of chemistry, and especially those interested in agricul­tural chemistry or in biochemistry, should read this volume. They not only would acquire a historical perspective of how their science came to be but they should get some appreciation of the thrill which is associated with a new discovery or the formulation of a new scientific theory—a discovery or a theory which may pro­foundly affect the thinking of future gen­erations.

T o review adequately any chapter would be to quote it in its entirety. Es­sentially each paragraph is pertinent. This volume should become a classic in the field of chemical history. It will bear reading and re-reading as the years go by.

Ross A I K E N GORTNER

Equilibrium and Kinetics of Gas Reac­tions. An Introduction to the Quan­tum-Statistical Treatment of Chemical Processes . Robert ΛΓ. Pease. 1st ed. 236 pages. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N . J., 1942. Price, $3.75.

1 HIS is a textbook designed for students well grounded in the principles of chem­istry and mathematics. I t is written in a refreshing style, the author always letting the reader in on what he is going to discuss next. It abounds in practical illustrations, so that a chemist or chemical engineer who has not been in a classroom for years will find much of profitable interest.

Part I consists of three chapters devoted to chemical equilibrium. The first and second chapters contain an excellent review of the contributions of thermodynamics to this subject. I n Chapter III is given a sur­vey of the quantum-statistical method of calculating free energies and equilibrium constants. A number of examples shows that equilibrium constants may be calcu­lated from data entirely independent of chemical measurements of equilibria.

T h e second and largest part of the book deals with the kinetics of gas reactions. I t begins with a brief résumé of a rate equa­tion based on a statistical treatment and on the assumption of the existence of an activated complex in equilibrium with the reactant molecules. Then follow several chapters in which various types of reac­tion are taken up and discussed in the light of this theory.

T h e book is sufficiently different from others pertaining to the subject to warrant careful study b y all chemists interested in the field. I t should prove to be very use­ful as a text and reference in courses of about the first-year graduate level.

F. E. BLACET

824 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

SARGENT

F R E D S . C A R V E R H Y D R A U L C E Q U I P M E N T 3 4 7 A H U D S O N S T . . N E W Y O R K

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The Electron Microscope. E. F. Burton and W. H. Kohl. 233 pages. Uein-hold Publishing Corp., 330 West 42nd St., New York, X. Y., 1942. Price, $3.85.

JL HK reviewer has often been asked to act as eritie at amateur theatrical per­formances because» he "represented the audience's viewpoint", as one director put it. It was in this spirit that he agreed to review this book, fearing that courses in quantum mechanics and matrix algebra would be» necessary as rudimentary back­ground.

In this respect the book proves to be a pleasant surprise. It is technical and dis­cusses in detail the theory necessary and sufficient for an intelligent understanding of the electron microscope; but it builds up the background so carefully and from such elementary beginnings that the reader can follow quite easily the later chapters dealing explicitly with this extraordinary instrument, especially where the concept of electron lenses is treated. In fact, the introductory chapters provide about the best presentation that the reviewer has seen of the rival wave and corpuscular theories of radiation, reconciled (on paper at least) by the wave concept of electrons. The authors also do an excellent job in ex­plaining the resolving power of optical systems.

The book is hardly to be recommended to the specialist or to one technically trained in the theory and practice of elec­tron lens systems. To the average» chem­ist, however, who wishes to learn in general how the instrument works, what its limita­tions are, and how its results may be inter­preted, the book should prove a valuable addition to his library.

The price seems rather high, but this is doubtless accounted for by the large num­ber of drawings and cuts. For the average chemist and physicist about 25 per cent of the drawings are probably superfluous as being too elementary; the halftones, how­ever, are well chosen and striking and as well reproduced as could be expected on the paper used. The latter is naturally a compromise between poor reproduction on one hand and extremely expensive paper on the other. On the whole, this com­promise works out satisfactorily for the authors' purpose and the publishers are to be congratulated on the results.

FRANCIS W. POWER, S. J.

The Spectrum of Hydrogen. William Mayo Venable, author and publisher, Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh, Penna., 1942. 184 pages. Price, $2.00.

1 HIS book summarizes a considerable amount of painstaking effort, on the part of the author, to classify all the lines of hydrogen in one scheme. The treatment is, however, at variance with that accepted

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ALFRED L E E SKLAR

Metallurgical and Industrial Radiology. Kenneth S. Low. 88 pages. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., London, 1940. Price, $2.50.

1 HIS small book has for its principal ob­ject "consideration of metallurgical ex­aminations from a practical rather than an academic or research aspect". It contains a good discussion of apparatus and equip­ment, radiographic technique, and inter­pretation of radiographs. There are about

25 radiographs of various defective alumi­num, magnesium, and iron-base castings.

Chapters on industrial fluoroscopy, radiological examination of welds, and x-ray stereoscopy are included. The book should be of interest chiefly to technicians or executives interested in the preparation or interpretation of radiological reports.

C. H. MATHEWSON

Gas Producers for Motor Vehicles and Their Operation with Forest Fuels. Technical Communication 1. / . Kis-sin. 37 pages. Imperial Forestry Bureau, 39 Museum Road, Oxford, England, 1942. Price, 3s.

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. . all-metal temperature gauges also provide the ruggedness . . the long-life accuracy..essential in these busy days! Every step . . . every minute . . . i s vital in this battle against time.Wriich explains why WESTON all-metal Temperature Gauges have been so widely adopted throughout industry. Readily mounted at any angle «desired, their large gauge-type dials can b e accurately read from a dis­tance. In addition, their simplified all-metal construction . . . without liquids or gases . . . provides unusual ruggedness and eliminates the common sources o f thermometer troubles. They stay "on the job>" . . . maintaining their high initial accuracies . . . far longer/ Available in sizes and stem lengths for most needs. Accu­racy guaranteed within 1% over entire scale. Literature sent on request. Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, 660 Frelinghuysen Avenue, Newark, New Jersey.

A l l - METAL

A . C. S. Members Prominent in Borden Awards M E M B E R S of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY have figured prominently in the awards made by the Borden Co. through scientific organizations, described in a 12-page mimeographed "Report on the Borden Awards" that has recently been made available.

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Award, in recognition of outstanding research in the chemistry of milk: 1939, Leroy S. Palmer, University of Minnesota; 1941, Claude S. Hudson, U. S. Public Health Service; 1942, George E. Holm, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

American Dairy Science Association, or meritorious scientific contributions or

discoveries pertaining to dairy production or dairy manufacturing, or invention of a plan, process, or device useful, valuable, or significant in the theory and practice of dairy production of dairy manufacturing: Dairy Manufacturing Research Award, 1938, Kenneth G. Weckel, University of Wisconsin, for research in the field of milk irradiation, which resulted in the develop­ment of apparatus making the irradiation of milk commercially possible; 1941, Paul F. Sharp, Cornell University, for re­search on the lipolytic activity of milk in relation to flavor, vitamin C, oxidized flavor in milk, physical state of milk fat, and deaeration of milk. Dairy Produc­tion Research Award, 1941, Edwin Bret Hart, University of Wisconsin, for re­search on the determination of phosphorus in feeds, the effect of phosphorus in animal nutrition, the ripening of cheese, the use of iodine in the prevention of goiter, the grass-juice factor, etc.

American Home Economics Association, for papers dealing with the feeding of dairy products to human subjects, or to research on laboratory animals that has a direct bearing on problems of human nutrition: 1939, Icie Macy Hoobier, Children's Fund of Michigan, for studies over a period of years of the diets of average-health children, in which the effect of milk, the metabolic variations attributable to vari­ous kinds of milk, and their effect upon gastrointestinal motility, received study; 1940, Henry C. Sherman, Columbia Uni­versity, for extensive studies on all phases of the nutritive qualities of milk and its place in the diet; 1941, Julia Outhouse, University of Illinois, for studies and in­vestigations dealing with the role of milk in the diet, demonstrating that the human system utilizes the calcium found in milk more fully than the calcium found in other foods.

Poultry Science Association, for distinc­tive contributions to poultry science ad­vancement: 1938, Leo C. Norris, Cornell University, for research on the importance of vitamin G in hatchability and chick growth, necessary levels of manganese in poultry rations, and cause, prevention, and cure of perosis among poultry; 1941,

826 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

WESTON temperature gauges

Roland M. Bethke, Ohio Agricultural Ex­periment Station, for research on poultry nutrition generally, primarily with pro­tein quality, minerals, and vitamins.

Endeavour

V O L U M E 1, Nos. 1 and 2, of Endeavour, a quarterly review designed to record the progress of the sciences in the service of mankind and published by the Imperial Chemical Industries, London, S. W. 1, England, has just reached this office. Its name Is taken from the vessel com­manded by Captain Cook, sent out by the British Admiralty nearly two centuries ago for the purpose of carrying out ex­ploration and research in the interests of science. The present purpose is briefly stated—"to enable men of science, and particularly British men of science, to speak to the world in an hour when not only nations but the internationalism of the sciences are threatened by a recrudes- l cence of barbarism in its grossest and most destructive manifestation".

The publication is very attractively put together, with excellent illustrations. In addition to book reviews, articles of par­ticular interest to chemists include "Sci­ence in the U. S. S. R.' \ "Manufacture and Use of Vitamins", "Prospects for Soil Conservation", "Significance of Metal Single Crystals", "Textile Fibres under the X-Rays", "Action of X-Rays on Living Cells", "Phthalocyanines", and "Vege­table Drugs of Britain". The price is five shillings.

Mathieson Issues Anniversary Booklet T H E founding in 1892 of the Mathieson Alkali Works, 60 East 42nd St., New York, is commemorated in the recently published 46-page booklet "Fifty Years of Chemical Progress". Although 50 years is a rela­tively brief time in the history of the Amer­ican chemical industry as a whole, Mathie­son ranks as a pioneer in its field—first the manufacture of alkali and bleach and later of liquid chlorine, ammonia, and numerous related products. The development and expansion of the company in this span of years is described in this illustrated and attractively compiled publication. To friends of Mathieson, the company has also sent bronze anniversary medallions.

Synthetic Resins T H E Bakélite Review for April 1942 includes articles on resin-bonded plywood, synthetic resins for coatings, plastics in surgery, designing molded plastic parts, flexible molding plastics, synthetic resin-base protective coatings, and flame* priming steel for painting. Copies are available on request from the Bakélite Corp., 30 East 42nd St., New York, Ν. Υ.

K[o "Rule of Thumb" Here in Selecting Construction Materials for Pumps . . . . Fortunately for users of Amsco-Nagle Industrial Material Handling Pumps, the selection and production of *'water end'* metal most suitable for a given set of corrosive or abra­sive conditions are no problems for Amsco. The Amsco division has for years produced heat and corrosion resistant alloy castings for many industries, including, in fact, manu­facturers of pumps for the chemical and process industries; 13% nian-ganese steel for users and makers of pumps handling abrasive materials; and other divisions of the company make almost any ferrous or non-ferrous metal likely to be required.

In addition to the chemical and physical testing laboratory and 400,000 volt X-ray inspection equip­ment maintained at our Chicago Heights plant, we participate in the activities and share in the "findings" of the extensively equipped Mahwah (N. J.) Metallurgical and Physical Research Laboratories. -

Starting with a thorough knowl­edge of the correct alloy for the application, we produce the cast parts in our own plants and can, consequently, control the alloy an­alysis, as well as foundry practices, so as to insure sound pump castings.

When a purchaser specifies an Amsco-Nagle Pump, he has the advantage of single-company re­sponsibility, from the production of drawings to the finished unit ready to put on the line. Our responsibility does not stop when we have recom­mended a certain grade of alloy, nor

are we confined to a limited range of construction materials. Water ends, for example, may be of an alloy se­lected to resist a highly active acid, whereas the other parts may be of simpler alloys or ordinary cast iron.

Our long contact with the process industries in making heat, corrosion and abrasion resistant castings for cement mills, pulp mills, petroleum refineries, ore roasters and other operations has given us an insight into their pumping problems; and we may be able to work with you to our common advantage.

Bulletin 910 describes design de­tails of Amsco-Nagle Pumps, and gives specifications and operating characteristic curves·

Amsco-Nagle 2" Type *\SW" Frame 101) Vertical Shaft Wet Pit Pumps with M ant ζ metal and monel fil-tings made for a chemical manufacturer. Note inverted inlet to eliminate air and gas binding and to take advantage of hydraulic thrust in counter­balancing weight of revolving parts. Im­mersed bearings lubri­cated through tubular structural member at right.

AMERICAN MANGANESE STEEL DIVISION ΟΤ THt AMCIUCAN MAKE SHOC * FOUNOtV CO.

Chicago Kelsht·, Illinois FOUNDRIES AT CHICAGO H E I G H T S , ILL.) NEW CASTLE, DEL.} DENVER, COLO.j OAKLAND. CALIF.;

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.; ST. LOUIS, MO. OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL C I T I E S

V O L U M E 2 0, N O . 12 » » » J U N E 2 5, 1 9 4 2

Manganese Steel Castings for shocks and abrasion. Chromium-Nickel Alloy "Castings for heat and eor,-roslon'Msistance.^ -' - , Power Shovel Dippers. Dredge and Industrial Purnps*. Welding Materials lorTeclamationand hard-surfacing. msco

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