Backward φ photo-production from C and Cu targets at E γ = 1.5 - 2.4 GeV Takahiro Sawada Institute...
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Transcript of Backward φ photo-production from C and Cu targets at E γ = 1.5 - 2.4 GeV Takahiro Sawada Institute...
Backward φ photo-production from C and Cu targets at Eγ = 1.5 - 2.4 GeV
Takahiro SawadaInstitute of Physics, Academia Sinica
Regular Seminar, AS, 17 May. 2013
3
φ-meson properties in nuclear medium
Dropping mass
Width broadening
Brown & Rho (Brown & Rho scaling) m*/m = 0.8 Hatsuda & Lee (QCD sum-rule) m*/m = 1 - 0.16ρ/ρ0 (for ρ/ω) m*/m = 1 - 0.03ρ/ρ0 (for φ) Muroya, Nakamura , Nonaka (Lattice calc.)
Klingl, Weise (Effective Chiral Lagrangian) 45MeV for φ (ρ=ρ0) Oset , Ramos (Renormalization of Kaon) 22MeV for φ (ρ=ρ0)Cabrera, Vicente (Renormalization of Kaon) 33MeV for φ (ρ=ρ0)
T. Hatsuda, S.H. Lee Phys. Rev. C 46, 34(1992)
E. Oset, M.J. Vicente Vacas, H. Toki, A. RamosPhys.Lett. B508 (2001) 237-242
in the nuclear medium
in free space
Normalize
y ; The strange contents in the nucleon𝑦=2<𝑠𝑠¿𝑁 /¿
Introduction
4More works are still required
Mass-Shape Measurement
CERES/NA45
GSI/HADES
CERN-SPS/NA60
RHIC/PHENIX
e+e- spectrum in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
e+e- spectrum in 2 GeV·A C-C collisions
μ+μ- spectrum in 158 GeV·A In-In collisions
e+e- spectrum in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV
No clear evidence for
the modification.
KEK/E325
e+e- spectrumin 12 GeV p+A
βγ < 1.25Excesses
・ Small FSI・ Small branching ratio (~10-4)・ Many backgrounds.
JLab/CLAS-g7No clear evidence
e+e- spectrum in Eγ < 3.8 GeV
Evidence for thedropping mass ?
In dilepton decay channel
Introduction
→ J-PARC E16
e+
e-
e+
e-
5
A-dependence Measurement
Mass Number A
Prod
uctio
n Ra
te o
f In
cohe
rent
φ P
hoto
-Pro
ducti
on
Photon
φ mesonAbso
rption
Mass Number A
Tran
spar
ency
Rati
o
σφN
σγN
~ 0.14 mb
OZI suppression
Expected
RφAT =
RφC
/ A
/ AC
12C
・ Dominant K+ K− Branching ratio ( ~50%)・ Cancellation of Systematic Errors
Nucleon
Nucleus
RφA ∝ Aα
Theoretical CalculationQuark model : 13.0 ± 1.5 mbVMD model : 8.2 ± 0.5 mb
Expected1
~ 10 mb
Introduction
6
A-dependence @ SPring-8/LEPS
+17-11σφN = 35 mb !!
Glauber multiple scattering theory
T. Ishikawa et al. Phys.Lett. B608 (2005) 215-222
photo-production at Eγ = 1.5 – 2.4 GeVφ → K+K-
< pφ > = 1.8 GeV/cLi, C, Al, and Cu targets.
Mass Number A
σA A∝ 0.72±0.07
Inco
here
nt φ
pho
to-
prod
uctio
n cr
oss
secti
on
(arb
)
Incoherent φ photo-production cross section
φ-N interaction cross section
Introduction
7
σφN ( φ-N interaction )
・ OZI suppression.Analogy to other mesons ( K+ , K- , π± )
・ φ-N resonance has not been reported.
ln2(s/s0) + ・・・total
・ Total hadronic cross section at a few GeV region
σφN < σK+N < σK-N , σπ+N , σπ-N 18 mb 30 mb 30mb 35mb
・ At 2 GeV/c
π+p total
π+p elasticσ π+p (m
b) π+ momentum (GeV/c)
Resonance
π production
?
Theoretical CalculationQuark model : 13.0 ± 1.5 mbVMD model : 8.2 ± 0.5 mb
Introduction
8
A-dependence @ CLAS/JLab
M. H. Wood et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. 105 (2010) 112301
Transparency ratios
photo-production at Eγ < 3.8 GeVφ → e+e-
< pφ > = 2 GeV/c .2H, C, Ti, Fe, and Pb targets.
e+e- invariant mass (GeV/c2)
Mass Number A
→ σφN = 16-70 mb
ρ meson contribution
after subtractionfrom ρ meson contribution
Introduction
9
A-dependence @ ANKE-COSY
M. Hartmann et al, Phys.Rev. C85 (2012) 035206
2.83 GeV proton beam
C, Cu, Ag, and Au targetspφ ; 0.6 - 1.6 GeV/c
COSY
Transparency ratios φ-N cross section
Extracted
φ → K+K-
Momentum of φ meson (GeV/c)Transparency ratio decreases with φ momentum.
Momentum of φ meson (GeV/c)
(16-70 mb)
!?
Introduction
10
What does this result mean?
Nucleonp
φ-meson at slow speed.
Nucleonp × φ-meson at fast speed.Absorption
Transparent
Strongly Modified !?!?
Nucleus
Nucleus
The verification experiment using Photon-Beam is desired.
No Modified ?
Introduction
11
SPring-8 (Super Photon ring - 8 GeV)
• 3rd-generation synchrotron radiation facility
• 8 GeV electron beam• Circumference = 1436 m• RF = 508 MHz• One-bunch is spread within σ = 12 psec.• Beam Current = 100 mA• Top-up injection
Experiment
14
Beam Line Map
Operational; 54Planned or Under Construction; 3
The Number of Beamlines
April 3, 2012
Experiment
16
Backward Compton Scattering Photon
e 8GeV-
UV-Laser
Collide !!
γ
Experiment
BCS photons
Bremsstrahlung photons
Photon Energy (GeV)
Coun
ts
・ Photon energy measurement・ Polarized photon beam・ Forward Detector
17
Laser hutch
SR ring
Experimental hutch
Backward Compton γ-ray
Laser light
8 GeV electron Recoil electron
Tagging counter
Collision
36m70m
LEPS facility
・ Photon energy measurement・ Polarized photon beam・ Forward Detector
(Laser Electron Photon Experiment at SPring-8)
Experiment
18
LEPS Detector Setup
Forward Spectrometer• TOF : RF signal - TOF wall, Δt = ~150 ps• Momentum : Δp ~ 6 MeV/c for 1 GeV/c K• Acceptance : Hori ±20o , Vert ±10o
TPC• 20o < θ < 160o
• Δp/p ~0.1• Δφ ~0.04 rad
Standard Setup w/ TPC
Experiment
19
Time Projection Chamber (TPC)
600mm
E (180 V/cm)
B (2 T)
beam
Charged Particle
Target
② Drift~ 5 cm/μsec
γ①
Ioni
zatio
n
③ Avalanche
④ M
easurement
3-dimensional Tracking Detector
・ Track Curvature → Momentum
・ Ionization Energy Loss (dE/dx) → Particle Identification (π/K/p)
・ Avalanche Positions + Drift Times → 3-D Trajectory of the Charged Particle
(Gas-filled Cylindrical Chamber + MWPC)・ Large Acceptance・ Small Amount of Material
Experiment
20
Difficulty in This Experiment
・ TPC has the best performance for the tracks emitted in the sideward direction.
・ We have improved the analysis procedure to measure the tracks emitted in the forward direction.
Collider Experiment Cosmic Ray Experiment
Fixed Target Experiment
TPC TPC
TPC
Beam Beam
BeamTarget
Experiment
210 1 2 3 4 (m)
Collimator
Buffer Start
Dipole Magnet TOF Counters
DC1DC2 DC3
TPC
Solenoid Magnet
Up Stream e+e-
Veto Counter
Aerogel CherenkovCounter
^
Trigger Scintillator
Counter
(TPC-FWD)
Trigger Scintillator(TPC-SIDE)
γCollimator
Target
Start
Dipole Magnet TOF Counters
DC1DC2 DC3
Aerogel CherenkovCounter
^
SVTX
Counter
γ
Target
Detector Acceptance
Previous Experiment
This Experiment
Acceptance Forward + 20o < θ < 160o
Acceptance Hori ±20o
Vert ±10o
(w/ TPC)
(Standard Setup)
Experiment
22
Detection Modes for φ mesons
γ γKK
p
±
±γ
KK
p
+
-
TOF Counters
TPC
Drift Chambers
K
K+
-
TOF Counters
Drift Chambers
γ
Previous Experiment This Experiment
p
KK+
-
Momentum of φ meson in LAB system Fast Slow
(Standard Setup) (w/ TPC)
TPC TPC
Angle of φ meson in CM systemForward Backward
Experiment
φ Experiment with Nuclear Targets @Spring-8/LEPS
This experiment Previous experimentPeriod Sep.- Dec. in 2004 Nov. in 2001Beam 1.5-2.4 GeV photons
Targets C, Cu, and CH2 Li, C, Al, and Cu
Reaction φ → K+ K-
Main Detectors TPC + LEPS spectrometer LEPS spectrometer
φ momentum pφ = 0.3-2.0 GeV/c pφ = 1.0-2.2 GeV/c (Average 1.8 GeV/c)
23
Experiment
24
K+ K- Invariant Mass
0.6< pφ<1.3 (GeV/c)in tpc K P spK mode±
±
χ2/ndf = 149/102Nφ= 178±16
C target ー DATAー Fit resultー φ→K+K- (determined by the MC simulation)ー background (2nd-order polynomial)
Fit range ; from 2mK±(0.987) to 1.2 GeV/c2
Summary Table
Contamination from miss-PID (π,p)
K+K- Invariant Mass (GeV/c2)
2 mK± (0.987 GeV/c2)Constraint
Coun
ts (/
2MeV
/c2 )
Result & Discussion
25
Transparency Ratio
● This experiment (C and Cu)Previous experiment (Li, C, Al, and Cu)
Transparency ratio decreases with φ momentum.
Here, the production rate of φ mesons
Tran
spar
ency
Rati
o
Momentum of φ meson (GeV/c)
Result & Discussion
26
Model Calculation
dRrrA /exp1
0
fm8.076.028.1 3/13/1 AARfm/3 d
Nuclear density distribution: Woods-Saxon
photon φ meson
σγN = 0.14mb σφN
nucleusnucleon
rdzbS exp2
1),,,(
),,,(),(,2 zbSzbSzbdzbdN effA γ
bTz
ANZNezbzdzbS γ
γγ
,exp),(
2222 cossinsinsincos zbr
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜=𝑅𝐶𝑢
❑ / 𝐴𝐶𝑢
𝑅𝐶❑/ 𝐴𝐶
=𝑁𝐶𝑢
𝑒𝑓𝑓 / 𝐴𝐶𝑢
𝑁𝐶𝑒𝑓𝑓 / 𝐴𝐶here,
φ
φ
Glauber Approximation
The model calculation ; Transparency Ratio σφN
,
Systematic errors from “angle effect”
in tpc K P spK mode±
±
in tpc K+K- P , tpc K+K- spP modes
at σφN = 10mb~ 0.2%~ 0.9%
We calculated as the emission angle =0.
Result & Discussion
27
σφN = 21.7 mb+8.7-6.2
χ2/ndf = 6.95 / 3 ( χ2 prob.= 7 % )
Tran
spar
ency
Rati
o
pφ(GeV/c)
Blue: w/o KNRed: w/ Strong KN
σφN
Not So Good.
Momentum Dependent ?
Result & Discussion
28
Momentum Dependent ??
σφN = α (const.)
σφN = α ・ pφ
σφN = α ・ pφ2
Momentum Independent
Result & Discussion
29
σφN (Momentum Dependent)
σφN = α(const.) σφN = α ・ pφ
χ2/ndf = 6.95 / 3 ( χ2 prob.= 7 % )
χ2/ndf = 2.77 / 3(χ2 prob. = 43%)
σφN = α ・ pφ2
χ2/ndf = 1.32 / 3 (χ2 prob. = 72 %)
Tran
spar
ency
Rati
o
pφ(GeV/c)
Blue: w/o KNRed: w/ Strong KN
More Appropriate
Result & Discussion
30
σφN (Momentum Dependent)
σφN = α ・ pφ2
χ2/ndf = 1.32 / 3 (χ2 prob. = 72 %)
Tran
spar
ency
Rati
o
pφ(GeV/c)
σφN = 6.8 mb+3.4-2.3
σφN = 88.1 mb +43.7-29.8
At lower pφ (0.5 GeV/c)
At higher pφ (1.8 GeV/c)
Consistent with the theoretically predicted value in free space.
Unexplainable value !!!
α = 27.2 mb/(GeV/c)2+13.5-9.2
Result & Discussion
31
Discussion
This suggests that the cause of the transparency ratio reduction at higher pφ is not the φ-N interaction.
If so, Why ? What's happening ?
Result & Discussion
32
Discussion
● Propagation
Photon
φ meson
Absorp
tion
σφN
σγN Nucleon
Nucleus
● ProductionThe number of φ-mesons produced on nucleon is (almost) proportional to the target mass number A.
The flux of φ-mesons is decreased by the σφN .
Fixed
Measured
Unexplainable
In higher pφ , (= Diffractive) φ photo-production might have a strong A-dependence.
Result & Discussion
Discussion
R φCuTransparency Ratio =
R φC
/ ACu
/ AC
Decreasing ?
Increasing ?
( RA ; Production Rate)φ
33
Data-taking with many kinds of target nuclei.Improvement of the statistical precision.
For further study
●
●
Measurement of the absolute cross section for each target (not the “ratio”)
●
Measurement at higher pφ .●
( Decreasing )
Result & Discussion
34
Related Topic
W.C. Chang et al. Phys.Lett., B684:6–10, 2010.
Eγ (GeV)[ (dσ
d /dt
) / (2
*dσp /
dt) ]
t=tm
in
Tran
spar
ency
Rati
o
Transparency ratio for the deuteronat forward angles → A significant reduction
Some effect other than nuclear density ?
φ photo-production from the deuteron target @ SPring-8/LEPS
35
Summary
・ We have confirmed that the transparency ratio decreases with pφ.
・ The reduction of the transparency ratio shown in the high pφ region suggests that ・ σφN increases as pφ
2 . ・ a diffractive φ photo-production might have a strong A- dependence.
・ For further study, we point out the importance of the measurement of the absolute cross section for each target, of the improvement the statistical precision, of the data-taking with many kinds of target nuclei, and of the measurement until more higher pφ .
Summary