ASOCIACIÓN DE MUJERES PROGRESISTAS, αgor α

ASOCIACIÓN DE MUJERES PROGRESISTAS,

αgorα

Calzadilla de los Barros, Badajoz

SPAIN

“Training parents about drug addiction” 2010-1-TR1-GRU06-16365

DRUG CONSUMPTION IN SPAIN

Asociación de Mujeres Progresistas, αgorα


In January 1997, the Spanish Government created the Spanish Drug Screening Center (Observatorio Español sobre Drogas, OED). The main goals of this Center are to offer a general view of the evolution and characteristics of drug consumption in Spain, including alcohol and tobacco; as well as addressing drug-related problems.


Periodic reports are been elaborated since 1998 on the situation and trends of drug-related problems in Spain. These reports are made possible thanks to the involvement of several governmental and regional bodies.


The main conclusions of these reports on the evolution on drug consumption and drug-related problems in Spain during the last years are the following

The decrease in tobacco consumption observed until 2007 has stopped


The decrease in tobacco consumption observed until 2007 has stopped.

The ratio of alcoholic drinks consumers is stable or descending. However, the frequency of intensive consumption episodes has increased

The decrease in the number of intravenous drug users admitted into treatment has stagnated


The rate of mortality related to illegal drugs consumption is decreasing slowly. However, it is still very high (more than 800 deaths in 2006)

Amongst intravenous drug users, there is still a high rate of VIH infection, and of high-risk sexual and drug intake practices. Nevertheless, the rates of newly infected people have dropped


After a steady decrease in heroin use in the last decades, its consumption seems to have stabilized, and maybe it is increasing again

Cocaine and cannabis consumption, and all the problems derived to it, seem to have stabilized, or may even be decreasing, after many years of continuous increase

Hypnosedatives consumption seem to have increased, while consumption of extasis, amphetamines and hallucinogenic drugs, and related problems, are decreasing


Finally, according to 2008 data, the most popular drugs amongst Secondary School students of 14-18 years are alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and sedatives or sleeping pills.

- 81,2% have consumed alcoholic drinks at least once.- 44,6% tobacco-35,2% cannabis-17,3% sedatives or sleeping pills-The use of the other substances (cocaine, extasis, hallucinogenic drugs, volatile inhalers, amphetamines, heroin, etc.) is less prevalent, being the consumption rate between 1 and 6%.

Prevalence of drug consumption amongst Secondary School students, of 14 to 18 years, broken down by age and expressed by percentage. Spain, 2008.

Age (years)

Consumption at least in one occasion

14 15 16 17 18

Tobacco 28,4 40,6 47,5 54,2 60,4

Alcohol 62,6 78,7 86,2 90,5 92,3

Sedatives or sleeping pills 14,1 15,2 17,5 20,3 22,5

Tranquilizers without medical prescription 7,1 8,3 10,2 10,5 12,5

Cannabis 16,4 29,2 37,8 48,0 55,2

Extasis 1,3 2,1 2,6 3,6 5,8

Hallucinogens 2,0 2,9 3,9 5,7 8,9

Amphetamines 1,1 2,0 3,9 5,4 8,7

Cocaine 2,0 3,8 4,9 6,6 12,5

Heroin 1,0 0,9 1,0 0,9 0,5

Inhalants 1,8 2,2 2,4 3,7 4,9

GHB 0,9 0,9 1,2 1,1 2,0


Secondary School students of 14-18 years start to consume drugs at a very young age. In 2008, the drugs that were started consuming earlier were alcohol, tobacco, and inhalants (in the last case, only by a minority), and the starting age was between 13 and 14 years. The next ones were heroin, sedatives and cannabis (14.3, 14.3 y 14.6 years, respectively). Extasis, cocaine, hallucinogenics, and amphetamine consumption start later (15 years).

Evolution of the average age to start drug consumption amongst Secondary School students (14 to 18 years). Spain, 1994-2008.

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Tobacco 13,9 13,3 13,2 13,1 13,1 13,2 13,1 13,3

Tobacco (daily consumption) - 14,6 14,5 14,4 14,4 14,5 14,2 15,1

Alcohol 13,5 13,7 13,8 13,6 13,6 13,7 13,8 13,7

Alcohol (weekly consumption) - 15,0 15,0 14,9 15,0 15,1 15,0 15,6

Sedatives or sleeping pills without medical prescription

14,1 14,5 14,8 14,5 14,6 14,8 14,4 14,3

Cannabis 15,1 15,1 15,0 14,9 14,7 14,7 14,6 14,6

Cocaine 15,6 15,9 15,8 15,8 15,7 15,8 15,4 15,3

Heroin 14,3 14,7 14,4 15,4 14,9 14,4 14,7 14,3

Amphetamines 15,5 15,7 15,6 15,6 15,6 15,7 15,6 15,4

Hallucinogens 15,4 15,6 15,4 15,5 15,5 15,8 15,5 15,4

Inhalants 13,3 13,6 13,4 13,9 14,3 14,0 13,6 13,8

Extasis 15,6 15,7 15,5 15,7 15,4 15,6 15,5 15,2

Map. Average of the available money per week, for personal expenditures, of Secondary School students of 14 to 18 years. Spain, 2008


In 2008 there is a considerable gap between regions in the percentage of 14 to 18 year old students who smoke tobacco every day. The rates vary from 1.8% in Melilla to 23.1% in Aragon (14.8% was the average in Spain). Most regions show rates between 10% and 20%.


There are also differences in the rates of alcohol consumption in the previous 30 days, varying from 19.6% in Melilla to 71.5 in Castile and Leon (58.5% was the average in the whole Spanish territory). Most regions show rates between 50% and 70%.


The percentage of students who have consumed cannabis at least once in the previous 30 days varies from 1.8% in Melilla and 33.0% in the Basque Country (20.1% was the national average). Most regions, however, show rates between 10% and 25%.

ASOCIACIÓN DE MUJERES PROGRESISTAS, αgor α

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