134 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY. VOL. 45, 1967

TIMON-DAVID, J. 1956. Contribution A la connaissance du cycle evolutif des Dicrocoeliidae (Trematoda:Digenea) DCveloppement expkrimental de Brachylecithum alfortense (Railliet) Dollfus, 1954. Compt. Rend. 242, 1374-1376.

1957. Recherches sur le developpement experimental de Brachylecithum alfortense (A. Railliet) R. Ph. Dollfus, 1954, trematode dicrocoeliide parasite des voies biliaires de la pie. Ann. Parasitol. Humaine Comparee, 32, 353-368.

YAMAGUTI, S. 1941. Studies on the helminth fauna. of Japan. Pt. 32. Trematodes of birds. V. Japan J. Zool. 9, 321-341.

ARYLSULFATASE AND P-GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF TROPICAL MOLLUSCS

Values for arylsulfatase and P-glucuronidase activity in various marine molluscs have been reported by Dodgson et al. (2) and Leon et al. (3). From these reports, i t appears that sources rich in arylsulfatase also have a high content of P-glucuronidase. The present study shows the distribution of these enzymes in molluscs collected from another region, namely from the tropical waters of Heron Island which lies a t the southernmost tip of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia.

Arylsulfatase activity was determined by the procedure of Dodgson and Spencer (I), with nitrocatechol sulfate as the substrate. Tripotassium phenol- phthalein disulfate, used as an additional substrate in arylsulfatase assays,

TABLE I Arylsulfatase and P-glucuronidase activities of various species of molluscs

(Activities expressed as moles of nitrocatechol (for arylsulfatase) or moles of phenolphthalein (for /3-glucuronidase) liberated/gram of acetone dried tissue per hour.

Visceral tissue was analyzed unless otherwise indicated)

Arylsul- P-Glucu- Arylsulfatase/ fatase ronidase /3-glucuronidase

Species activities activities ratio

Sellana tranoserica* Haliotis vari Conomurex luhuanus Nerita polita Trochus niloticus Latirus polyganus Plebidonax deltordes* Turbo speciosis Planaxis sulcatus Pictada margaritifera

*Whole de-shelled animal was used. 'Present address: Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Medicine, Office of New Drugs,

Div. of Cardiopulmonary and Renal Drugs, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology. Volume 45 (1967)

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did not seem to be hydrolyzed by the molluscan extracts used in this study. P-Glucuronidase activity was estimated by the method of Talalay et al. (4), with phenolphthalein mono-P-glucuronide as the substrate. The results presented in Table I indicate that the enzyme activity varied considerably from one species to another and that there was no consistent relationship between the arylsulfatase and 0-glucuronidase activity, that is, the arylsul- fataselo-glucuronidase ratio was not constant.

I. DQDGSON, R. S. and SPENCER, R. 1957. In Methods of biwhemical analysis. VoI. 4, EdiM by D. Glick. lnlerscience Publishers Tnc., N.Y. Chapt. 8, p. 247.

2. DIIDCSDN, K. S., LEWIS, J. I. hl., and SPENCER, B. 1953. Studies on sulfatases-The arylsull'atase and fl-gl~rcuronidax of marine moll~~scs. Riachcm. 1. 55, 253-258.

3. Leow, Y . A., RLZBROOK, I<. D., and CORNER, E. U. S. 1960. Sleroid sullatase, arylsulfatase and P-glucuroniclase in the molluscs. Bimhem. J. 75, 612-617.

4. TPILALAY, P., FISHMAS, W. H., and I ~ U G ( ; I N S , C. 1946. Chromognic Substrates-II Phenolic gli~crrronic acid as substrate for assay ot glucuronidase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 166, 751-772.

EFFECT OF INITIAL REARING AT 28 "C FOLLOWED BY 35 O C ON WING DEVELOPMENT IN GRYLLODES SIGILLATUS (WALK.)

Ghouri and McFarlane (1958b), while investigating the effect of temperature, discovered the occurrence of several macropterous individuals among groups of nymphs reared a t a variety of temperatures (23, 28, 33, 35, 38, and 41 "C). The observation enabled the authors to predict that macropterism partly depends on the temperature of rearing and higher temperatures in the op- timal range favored the production of the winged form. The prediction was later confirmed by quantitative evidence (McFarlane 1962). When the pro- geny of either micropterous or macropterous parents was reared a t 28 "C, i t gave only micropterous forms, but rearing a t 35 "C produced some macrop- terous forms. I t was therefore considered possible that, by the manipulation of temperatures, information could be obtained about the time in development a t which wing development was determined.

The stock culture of G. sigillatus which had been selected for macropterous forms for three generations was maintained, and the eggs were collected and incubated after the methods described by Ghouri and McFarlane (1958~).

The nymphs subjected to experimentation were reared in a group of 10 in 16-oz ointment jars containing food, a water tube, and a folded sheet of filter paper and covered with a muslin cloth to prevent the escape of the nymphs. The food supplied was in the form of "baby rabbit pellets", obtained from Ogilvie Flour Mills Ltd., Montreal. The jars were randomized in the incubator and an adequate supply of food and water was maintained a t all tifnes.

Canadian Journal of Zoology. Volume 45 (1967)

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