NAT. HIST. BULL. SIAM Soc. 55(1): 59-76，2007

SOME DATA ON COMPOSITION， ORIGIN， AND DISTRIBUTION OF CYPRINID FISH SPECIES IN NORTHERN VIETNAM WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TAXA 1

Nguyen拘 nH，ω andDoan Le Hoa

Freshwater Fish回 Studi回 Branch

ReportPr，回entedin the First Scientific Seminar of Fisheries Division， Democratic Republic of Vietnam

[1969]

Translated from Vietnamese by Nguyen vi組 Canh

Among freshwater fishes， Cyprinidae is the most important family as they consist of the largest number of genera and species and have more economic values. This is why there was much attention directed tow紅白 thespecies in this family by domestic and foreign ichthy-ologists. However， there were few studies on cyprinid species in northem Vietnam. Among them the study on northem freshwater fishes by Chevey and Lemasson provides the most information on cyprinid species though the number of species紅 estill few and there紅 emanymistakes in taxonomy.

In our studies on aquaculture in the period 1959 to 1966 we focused on the cyprinid spe-cies by taking specimens from Chay River， Lo River， Thao River， Gam River， Nang River， Ba Be Lake， Cau River (Viet Bac region)， Da River， Nam Na River， Nam Lay River (West North)， the lower basin of Red River， Thai Binh River， Duong River， Ninh Co River， and a number of ponds and lakes， rice field (delta regions)， Ma River， Xuan Duong Lake， Cam Ky Reservoir (the former Region 4). The number of specimens is quite large.

In the period from 1963 to 1967， we spent time analyzing the specimens and then made a classification ofthe "cyprinid family in northem Vietnam".τ'his report is a p紅tof that docu-ment. Our classification of the cyprinid species in this report is a common approach based on血eappearance and the intemal org釦 sof the fish. We had a number of difficulties in the classification. Since most ofthe specimens collected [i.e.， by earlier workers] were kept in the Paris Museum (France) we could not compare with the specimens but only use白eoriginal description ofthe species therefore there might be some e町ors.Another problem is that there were not many classification references [available for use during the study] so a number of species n創nesmight not be coη'ect needing changes and additions. Lastly， there might be eηors due to our limited capability; we hope to receive opinions仕omcol1eagues.

lVietnamese proper names of fish families， genera， and species have been retained in most places where they appe紅 inthe original旬xt.The erratic capi組lizationand spelling (often iIIegible) of the original version has been standardized. A few seldom used diacritical marks are omitted because出ey創官 notincluded in the Vietnamese font utilized (from Wikipedia).-Tyson R. Roberts. Received 5 September 2006; accepted 31 October 2006.

59

60 NOUYEN VAN HAO AND DOAN LE HOA

This rep'Ort is divided int'O f'Our p訂ts:1.百lec'Omp'Ositi'On 'Of cyprinid species in n'Orthem Vietnam 2. C'Orrecti'Ons 'Of names 'Of s'Ome species and in住oducti'On'Of new species

3. The 'Origin and distributi'On 'Of the cyprinid species in n'Orthem Vietnam

4. C'Onclusi'On

1. THE COMPOSITION OF CYPR町 田SPECIESll可NORTHERNVIETNAM

There were very few eff'Orts dev'Oted t'O classifying批 cyprinidspecies in n'Orthem

Vietnam. In the French c'Ol'Onial peri'Od， s'Ome f'Oreign researchers had d'One studies 'On白e

cyprinid species including H. G. Sauvage (1881-1884)， L. Vaillant (1891-1892)， J. Pellegrin (1907-1923 and 1928-1932)， P. Chabanaud (1924)， B'Ouret (1927)， P. Chevey (1932)， Petit

and Tchang (1933)， Pellegrin and Chevey (1934-1935). The researchers described s'Ome new

species c'Ollect怠din n'Orthem Vietnam published in French z'O'Ol'Ogical publicati'Ons. Only in

1937 did P. Chevey and Lemass'On describe quite systematically ab'Out freshwater fishes in

n'Orthem Vietnam. In their last statistics， Chevey and Lemass'On stated that血ecypri凶dfamily

c'Onsists 'Of 57 species and 1 subspecies; if excluding 4 species with tw'O names， the number is

53 species and 1 subspecies. These species were classified int'O 8 gr'Oups 'Or subfamilies: the ca

chep subfamily Cyprinin鵠 (3species and 1 sub-species)， the ca tram subfamily Leuciscinae (8 sub-species)， the ca仕'Oisubfamily Barbinae (28 species)， the ca me subfar凶lyHyp'Oph-

thalmichthyinae (1 species)， the ca chay subfamily Xen'Ocyprininae (1 species)， the ca ven subfamily Abramidinae (10 species)， the ca duc subfar凶lyG'Obi'Oninae (1 species) and the ca

出ebesubfi創凶lyRh'Odeinae (2 species). This study has described a large number 'Of the cyprinid

species and has been c'Onsidered a g'O'Od reference S'O far. H'Owever， since the researchers were

f'Oreigners， the classificati'On was 'Only based 'On白eappe紅'ance'Of s'Ome specimens c'Ollected

佃 dsent企'omVietnam but did n'Ot take int'O acc'Ount their bi'Ol'Ogical features. M'Ore'Over， the

Cyprinidae in n'Or仕lemVietnam was much cl'Osed t'O that泊 China;there were many mistakes

because the researchers did n'Ot have many references ab'Out Chinese Cyprinidae. A number

'Of species were given tw'O names such as in the case 'Of“ca chay d'O mat" [red-eyed chay fish] being named Squaliobarbus curriculus and Squaliobarbus caudalis; a number 'Of species were

given wr'Ong names such as ca創由vuSemilabeo notabilis being named Pseudogyrinocheilus

procheilus， ca mai while [c'Orrectly] named Rasborinus lineatus but the drawing illustrating lschikauia hainanensis 'Or “ca dua"， Hemibarbus labeo in the subfamily G'Obi'Oninae being

mistakenly identified as the species "ca troi" 'Of the subfamily Barbinae etc.

After the vict'Ory against the French c'Ol'Onizers， many Vietnamese z'O'Ol'Ogists started t'O study fishes including Da'O Van Tien and M. D. Yenh wh'O studied fishes in B'Oi River (H'Oa Binh)， Thua canal (Yen Bai)泊 1959，Ninh C'O River (Nam Dinh) in 1960; Tran C'Ong Tam wh'O studied fishes in Red River (1959-1960); Nguyen Khac Cam (1962) wh'O studied fishes

in Lam River (NgheAn); Nguyen Van Thai (1962) wh'O studied fishes in Bua River (Phu Th'O)，

MaiDi凶 Yen(1963) wh'O studied fishes in Red River; H'Oang Duy Hiep and Nguyen Van Ha'O

(1964) wh'O studied fishes in官la'ORiver; Nguyen Van Ha'O (1965) wh'O studied fishes in Da

River; D'Oan Thi Le H'Oa (1966) wh'O studied fishes in Ma River. The researchers menti'Oned

many species in血.ecyprinids but merely listing the species c'Ollected in the waters studied

rather由加thedescripti'On and classificati'On 'Of the species. Acc'Ording t'O the researcher， the

cyprinids in the Red River c'Onsist 'Of 61 species and 3 sub-species; if excluding 9 species and

TRANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 61

2 sub-species出atbel'Ong t'O the Chinese areas and 5 species with tw'O names， there left 47 species and 1 sub-species 'Of cyprinids in the Red River area. The tax'On'Omy still f'Oll'Owed that

'Of Chevey and Lemass'On (1933). Many species described were n'Ot c'Ollected;白etax'On'Omy

was n'Ot c'Orrect; mistakes fr'Om previ'Ous studies were n'Ot c'Orrected; s'Ome n創neswere wr'Ong;

s'Ome species still named twice such as ca nhang Xenocypris argentea was named Xenocypris

macrolepis 'Or“red-eyed ca chay" Squaliobarbus curriculus was named als'O Squaliobarbus caudalis 'Or s'Ome species were even classified as tw'O different species in tw'O genera such as

ca めngめngPuntius semifasciolatus being classified as Puntius hainanensis and Barbus

semifasciolatus.2

h 白eperi'Od fr'Om 1963 t'O 1967， we spent time c'Orrecting， re-classifying， and adding using specimens 'Of cyprinid species c'Ollected from many areas in n'Orthern Vietnam. We c'On-

cluded that there紅'eS'O far 85 species and 3 sub-species in 52 genera and 9 subfarnilies (Table

1 [n'Ot printed]). The ca troi subfamily (Barbinae) is the largest subfarnily with 38 species

acc'Ounting f'Or 43.2%; the ca tram subfarnily Leuciscinae with 13 species and 1 sub-species

acc'Ounts f'Or 15.9%; the ca ven subfamily Abrarnidinae with 13 species and 1 sub-species

acc'Ounts f'Or 15.9%; the ca duc subfamily G'Obi'Oninae with 7 species acc'Ounts f'Or 7.95%; the

ca chep subfamily Cyprininae with 4 species and 1 sub-species acc'Ounts f'Or 5.7%; the ca the

be subfarnily Rh'Odeinae with 4 species acc'Ounts f'Or 4.55%; the ca m色subfamilyHyp'Ophthal-

michthyinae with 3 species acc'Ounts f'Or 3.4%; the ca nh加gsubfar凶lyXen'Ocyprinae with 2

species acc'Ounts f'Or 2.3%; the ca duc subfamily G'Obi'Oninae with 1 species acc'Ounts f'Or 1.1 %.

Among the generamd spedes mentioned above，3specie?namely Ca m色h'OaAristichthys

nobilis， ca mとt佐r危釦1喝gHy，烈'Po.叩'Pht，幼halm附ucht，幼hy，戸'smoli枕tr，町 and ca t佐r盈加nc∞'OCαte仰no中'ph加arηyngodonidellu凶s were introduced f企旨加omChina and 也e叩nraised i加nm叩 y紅'easin n'OI凶th恥lernVietnam， and 2 new

genera namely ca紅色，Laichowcypris and pa xam Paradaniops; 17 species and sub-species c'Ollected f'Or the frrst time were as f'Oll'Ows:

1-Ca住u'Laichowcypris dai 2-Ca dam dat suoi Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis

3-Pax創ncam Paradaniops macropterus

4-Pa xam xet Daniops [nammuensis 'Omitted in 'Original]

5-Pa mi Crossocheilus namlenensis ιCa chat rau Lissochilus longibarbis

7-Ca dat xo Lissochilus brevispin_us

8-Ca chat s'Oc Lissochilus laocaiensis

9-Ca mo Garra laichowensis

10-Ca phom fac Puntius takhoaensis

11-Ca dat trお19Varicorhinus argentatus

12-Ca dat d'O 拘ricorhinuserythrogenys

13-Ca pheng Varicorhinus [microstomus]

14-Pa pin Onychostoma brevicephalus 15-Pa m'Om Onychostoma microcorpus

16-Pa IO Hemibarbus longianalis 17-Ca thieu Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda macropthalmus

2Generic placement of this small species is still uncertain. Perhaps it should be in Systomus.

62 NOUYEN VAN HAo AND DOAN LE HOA

The followings紅 especies listed as nor血emfishes for the first time:

1-Ca giac co Zacco macrolepis Wu 2-Ca nhang XenoのIprisdavidi Bleeker

3-Ca chat soc Lissochilus clivosus Lin 4-Ca duc hoa Abbottina kachekensis (Oshima)

5-Camu'σng Hemiculter dispar Peters

ιCa the be Rhodeus spinalis Oshima 7-Ca the be Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner)

8-Ca duc da Gobiobotia longibarba Fang]

The cyprinid family consists of 43 species and sub-species with economic va~ue including 10 species that provide breeders namely ca chep Cyprinus carpio， ca m色trang

均l[Jopht，加lmichthys加rmandiand Hypopt，加lmichthymolitrix， ca mとhoapdsuchthysnobtits，ca troi Cirrhinus molitorella， ca tram den Mylopharyngodon piceus， ca tram co Ctenopharyn-godon idellus， a diec Carassius auratus， ca bong Spinibarbichthys denticulatus， ca ven Mega-lobrama terminalis. Species of economic value are distributed into genera as follows:

-Subfarnily ca ch匂consistsof 4 species and 1 sub-species: ca ch匂(Cyprinuscarpio)， ca lo (Cyprinus carpio v抵 multitaeniatus)，(LaichowりI[Jrisdai)， ca diec (Carassius auratus)， ca nhdng (Carassioides cantonensis).

-Subf:組向 ca甘amconsists of 7 species: ca凶mden (Mylopharyngoden piceus)， ca tram co (Ctenopharyngod_on idellus)， ca nhong (Luciobrama macrocephalus)， ca mang (Elopichthys bambusa)， ca chay trang (Ochetobius elongatus)， ca chay do mat (Squaliobarbus curriculus)， ca chao (Opsariichthys uncirostris).

-Subfamily ca nhang consists of 1 species ca nh泊g(Xenocypris argentea). -Subfamily ca mとconsistsof 3 species: ca me hoa (Aristichthys nobilis)， ca me trang

(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Hypophthalmichthys harmandi).

-Subfarnily ca troi consists of21 species: ca仕'Oi(Cirrhinus molitorella)， ca (Spinibar-bichthys denticulatus)， S. [illegible])， ca chy dat (Spinibarbus caldwelli)， ca anh vii (Semilabeo noωbilis)， ca hoa (Labeo tonkinensis)， ca ram xanh (Labeo lemassoni)， ca my (Labeo graf-feuilli) ca giuoi (L. xanthogenys)， ca giam dat (Osteochilus salsburyi)， ca ngu' a (Tor brevifilis)， ca chat (Lissochilus kremp.声).ca chat rau (L.longibarbus)， ca sinh (Onychostoma laticeps)， ca phao (O.leptura)， ca bien (0. ovalis)， ca fang (0. macracanthus)， pa pin (0. breviたce伊phal.ωuι“IS)，mom (0. microcorpus)， ca phゐmpac (Puntius takhoaensis)， ca do (Ageneiogarra imberbi).

-Subfarnily ca duc co thoai [Gobioninae]， ca duc ngo (Hemibarbus labeo)， ca d-uc ch詰n(Hemibarbus maculatus).

-Subfarnily Abrarnidinae consists of 4 species: ca ven (Megalobrama terminalis)， ca mu'σng(HemηuたCαulter1，μeu町ciおscαωul.ルuιωs)，erηy刈thropterus). .

A comparison of cyprinid species in northem Vietnam and those in the world shows the absence of the subfar凶lyca vay la (Schizo血oracinae).We collected 1 more subfarnily， (ca duc rau or Gobioninae)， 24 genera， 28 species and 2 subspecies than Chevey and Lemasson (1937). We have made some adjus回 .entsso出atspecies were classified into也eircorrect subfamilies. We also corrected names of genera and species of 16 species出atwere wrongly

named by other researchers.

τRANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969

However， we haven 't found 8 species already collected by other researchers: - Pa man Garra gracilis Pellegrin3

Pa ma Leptobarbus tchangi Pellegrin4

Pac印刷10Cychocheilichthys microstoma Pellegrin5

Ca ven Megalobrama bramula (C et V)6 Ca ve n Megalobrama a.ffinis (Vaillant)1 Ca白色 beAcanthorhodeus taenianalis Gun出erBCatr創nco Ctenopharyngodon idellus (C et V)

Among血especies， two have good economic values:

63

- The first species is ca仕組co(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) which was seen by Chevey and Lemasson in the Red River in 1937 but we could not find it there in spite of much of our effort when we were collecting specimens.百世sspecies is now only found to live in Ky Cung River (Lang 80n) in small number; they breed eggs and small fish in Lang 80n but these血enwere taken by the flow to China.

- The second species not now found is ca veh Megalobama bramula， which was col-lected by Chevey佃 dLemasson泊 1937泊 Hanoi.τbereforewe see it necess紅Yto study about也.ecauses of extinction of these species and the solutions to re∞ver them in natural waters.

In 1959 Dao van Tien and Mai Dinh Yen9， in白eirstudy of fishes in Thua Canal (branch of Red River)， mentioned two new species and 1 new sub-species. Our comments about these 訂 eas follows:

- The first species the Coreius tchangi has m吋orcharacteristics of small eyes， long barbel while the specimens and drawings by the researchers feat町edbig eyes， short barbel species which resemble the Gnathopogon argentatus described by 8auvage and Dabry in 1874.百1esecond species is the Rostrogobeo nikolskii.10百1especimens， photo， and features described紅 'enot much di百erent仕omthe features of the Abbotina kachekensis described by Oshima in 1920.

- The third species is Spinibarbus macracanthus maculatus. The features described by the researchers are similar to those of the Spinibarbus macracanthus described by Pellegrin and Chevey in 1936 and described again later by Chevey and Lemasson in 1937 with the diι ference in 5-6 black stripes across the body. We researched and found that difference a special variability of the Spinibarbus macracanthus. The small fish have stripes across their bodies while the big自由 (grownup) will not. These stripes were not fixed thus it is not reasonable classifying these fish into a separate subspecies.

3Discognathus gracilis Pellegrin & Chevey 1936 4Leptobarbus tchangi Pellegrin & Chevey 1936 now Percocypris tchangi (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) 5Cyclocheilichthys microstoma Pelleg巾&Chevey 1936; currently placed as ajunior synonym of Acrossocheilus iridescens Nichols & Pope 1927 6Leuciscus bramula Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844 7Chanodichthys affinis Vaillant 1892 8Gunther 1873 9Reference apparently not in Eschmeyer's online “Catalog of Fisb巴s"ぉ of19 June 2007. IONeit血he釘:rCo町reiuωst，陀'ch加an勾:gin<叩orRostrogoめbiω'0nik，初ols此出kiiare ent陶t旬e飽:di泊nEs鈴chme悶ey戸er'sonline of 7 Nov 20∞06

64 NGUYEN VAN HAo AND DOAN LE HOA

II. CORRECTION OF NA加ffiSOFSO島ffiSPECIESAND DESCRIPTION OF SO島ENEW SPECIES IN NORTHERN VIETNAM

1. Correction of names by previous researchers

a) Correction of names of typ回

- Chan!!:e !!:enus c五hoaVaricorhinus to Labeo: We found that Pellegrin and Chevey (1936)佃 dChevey andLemasson (1937)

were wrong when they classified 3 species in nor仕lemVietnam into由e拘 ricorhinusnamely

ca hoa (Varicorlinus tonkinensis)， (Varicorhinus lemassoni)， (Varicorhinus grqj昂itelli).Par-

ticularly由e拘ricorhinusby Ruppell (1936)， according to Weber & de Beaufort (1916)， Lin

(1932)， Nichol (1943)， there's no groove between its lower jaw and lower lip， the post labial groove is inte汀uptedin the middle， lower jaw has sharp keratinous edge， dorsal fin has fewer 出回 10branched rays while the features of the Labeo by Cuvier (1817)， also according to Weber & de Beaufort， Lin， and Nichols，紅e:groove on lower jaw and lower lip， post labial groove is deep and continuous，血elower jaw is resilient cartilage， there can be either lip or

jaw barbels or both， dorsal fin has more出an10 branched rays. Based on the specimens we collected， drawings and description by Chevey and

Lemasson (1937)，せletonkinensis， lemassoni， and gra.，酔leillipossess the features of Labeo

and should be classified into this genus as follows:

Ca hoa Labeo tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey) Carfunx創由Labeolemassoni (Pellegrin & Chevey)

Ca my Labeo graffueilli Pellegrin & Chevey)

- Cll節回~回ms_cábdne Svinibarbus into Svinibarbichthvs: Chevey組 dLemasson (1937) classified three species in northem Vietnam

namely ca bfug， ca cay， and ca chay dat in Spinibarbus.官lesespecies have prickles [佃bercles]

under its skin pointing to the head， short anal fins with 3 non-branched rays and 5 branched

rays. Recently these species tend to be treated as di仔erenttyp田 byich白yologistswith Oshima

(1926) starting the trend by classifying ca bdng into 1 separate genus: Spinibarbichthys. This

is similar to出eSpinibarbus except that the dorsal fin rays are not branched and spines紅 e

serrated behind. The point of view is sh訂 edby many such as Chu Nguyen Dinh (1935)， Vuong

Di Khang (1959)， Ngu Hien Van (1963) etc. We agreed with the idea of differentiating fish

types in the Barbinae based on whether the dorsal fm spines紅 'eserrated or not.百lerefore，we

keep the name given to ca bdng by Oshima in 1926: Spinibarbichthys denticulatus Oshima. We changed the name of ca Cay into Spinibarbichthys macracanthus (Pellagrin & Chevey)

while keeping ca chay dat in genus Spinibarbus since this species doesn't have serrae.

- Chan!!:e !!:enus ca n!!:ua Labeobarbus into Tor: Ca ngu'a was classified by Chevey and Lamasson (1937) as Labeobarbus

brevifilis Peters. Labeobarbus was frrst described by Ruppell in 1837. However， 4 years

earlier， in 1833-1934， Gray described the Torwith features identical to theLabeobarbus. We

therefore use the name described by Gray for ca ngu'a: Tor brevifilis (Peters).

b) For species changed both in genera and species - Chan!!:e name of ca anh vu:

Caanh vuisap陀 ciousspecies in白emountainous areas ofVietnam.lts meat is very delicious and has good smell. Chevey and Lemasson were wrong to classify this species

TRANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 65

as Pseudogyrinocheilus procheilus (Sauvage & Dabry). The reas'On is Fang (1933) described Pseudogyrinocheilus as having a triangular m'Outh with 'One f'Orward angle， lips narr'Ow and

也ick，upper lip n'Otched， anus right in fr'Ont 'Of anal fin while the descripti'On and drawings

by Chevey and Lemass'On as well as the specimens we c'Ollected sh'Owed terminal m'Outh n'Ot

triangul民 upperlip 1釘gen'O n'Otch， l'Ower lip br'Oad alm'Ost triangular when seen企omfr'Ont

alm'Ost reaching chin， anus is far ahead 'Of anal fin. These features resemble the Semilabeo notalilis described by Peters in 1880 and described again by Lin in 1935. Theref'Ore， we

changed the n創出'Ofca anh vu t'O Semilabeo notabilis.

- Chanl!e name 'Of c五tri:

百leぬx'On'Of ca troi has n'Ot been agreed 'On s'O far. Chevey and Lemass'On c1as-sified this species as Labeo collaris Nich'Ols and P'Ope while Pham Trong Hau and Mai Di曲

Yen (1964) c1assified it as Cirrhinus chinensis (Gun出er).Vu'Ong di Khang (1958) argued that 白especies might have variati'Ons when they were raised and researchers gave these variati'Ons

different n創nes.The names are as f'OII'Ows:

- Leuciscus molitorella C & V 1844

- Cirrhinus chinensis Gun血er1868

- Cirrhina melanositgma F'Owler & Bean 1922 -Labeo molitorella Weber & de Beauf'Ort 1916

-Labeo collaris Nich'Ols & P'Ope 1927

- Cirhina molitorella Lin 1933

-Labeo melanostigma Nich'Ols 1943 These names indicate 'Only 'One species.

百legenera Cirrhinus and Labeo紅'every similar except f'Or Labeo: P'Ost1abial gr'Ove deep and c'Ontinu'Ous， n'O h'Omy jaw sheath (dot nδi) inside l'Ower jaw while f'Or Cirrhi-

nus: interrupted shall'Ow P'Ost labial gr'O'Ove， with h'Omy jaw sheath inside l'Ower jaw. Ca troi

in n'Orthem Vietnam has interrupted shall'Ow P'Ost labial gr'O'Ove， with h'Omy jaw sheath inside

l'Ower jaw血ussh'Ould be c1assified int'O the genus Cirrhinus. Acc'Ording t'O the pri'Ority rule， we ch'O'Ose the n釘nemolitorella (C et V) since 出iswas the earliest name f'Or ca住'oi.

- Chanl!e name 'Of c五lua:

Acc'Ording t'O Chevey and Lemass'On (1937)， ca lu'a in n'Orthem Vietnam is

Sarcocheilichthys hainanensis Nich'Ols and P'Ope. We think that this is n'Ot c'Oπ'ect since Sar-cocheilichthys was described by Bleeker in 1859 as having terminal m'Outh， l'Ower jaw with sharp keratin'Ous edge while 'Our specimens 'Of ca lu' a t'Ogether with descripti'On fr'Om previ'Ous

researchers sh'OW terminal m'Outh， l'Ower jaw with'Out sharp keratin'Ous edge identical t'O the genus Chilogobio described by Berg in 1914 and is n'Ow c1assified as Chilogobeo nigripinnis (Gunther)

- Ch且nl!ename 'Of c五.do:

Acc'Ording t'O Chevey and Lemass'On (1937)， ca d'O泊 n'OrthemVietnam is

Garra poilanei Petit et Tchang (1933). This species has n'O barbel. Garman (1912) based 'On

this charac飽rc1assified the species int'O a new genus which was widely accepted: Ageneiog-arra. With relati'On t'O its species name， we f'Ound血atthe descripti'On by Petit and Tchang in

1933 and by Chevey and Lemass'On in 1937 sh'OW 出atca d'O is n'Ot much different fr'Om the

Discognathus imberbis Vinciguerra (1890). We theref'Ore， changed its name t'O Ageneiogarra imberbis (Vincigue質的.

66 NGUYEN VAN HAO AND DoAN LE HOA

c) Change in sp凹 i凶 nam回Because of the lack of referenc四， some researchers were wrong in nar凶ngsome

species. Therefore， we， with access to more references， have made some corrections on names of some species basing on the charac飽rsof some specimens and the priority rule.

-C五ch五vdat: Chevey and Lemasson (1937)， with reference to Oshima (1926) named

ca chay dat as Spinibarbus nigrodorsalis Oshima.百首sspecies， however， was described by Nichols in 1925部 Barbuscal，ゐllelli.So ca chay dat is Spinibαrbus caldwelli (Nichols).

-Cad盟g血時:Chevey and Lemasson (1937)， with reference to Lohbergor (1929) named Ca

Dong Dong Puntius hainanensis. This species， however， was described by Gunther in 1868 as Lenbarbus [sic; should be Capoeta] semifasciolatus. Thus， Ca Dong Dong is Puntius semifasciolatus (0加也er).

-c包 h担g;_Chevey and Lemasson (1937) described two species of盛辿担ginnorthem

Vietnam: Xenocypris macrolepis Bleeker and Xenocypris nitidus Garman. Ichthyologists now consider both species to be Xenocypris argentea described by Gunther in 1868.

- C五nhon!!man!!:

Chevey and Lemasson (1937) described Nhong Mang in northem Vietnam to consist of two species: Luciobrama砂'PusBleeker (1871) and Luciobrama longiceps Pellegrin (1907). These two are配 制allythe same species with Luciobrama macrocephalus (Lacepede 1803).

-C五tramden:Chevey and Lemasson (1937)， wi血referenceto Basilevsky (1855) named ca

佐amdenAめ，zophaηngodonaethiops (Basilevsky).百1Isspecies， however， was described by Richardson in 1846 in由ename Leuciscus piceus and its name now is widely accepted as Mylopharyngodon piceus (Rich紅也:on).

-Cang盈According to Chevey and Lemasson (1937)， ca ngao is known as Culter bevi-

cauda Gunther 1868 but it is the 阻 nespecies as Culter erythropterus described by Basilevsky in 1855.

2. Introduction of new genera細 dspeci回面白ecyprinid family:

1n our research， we collected many new samples and we chose to introdu田 somenew types and species白紙 wehave enough references about.

a) New genera: - Genus c五位i1'LaichowcvDris new !!enus

Typel1: Laichowcypris dai new species (Fig. 1) belongs to the subfamily Cyprininae.百legenus is simil訂 加 出ecyprinid genera Cyprinus， Procypris， and Mesocypris except that it has small head， low nape; pharyngeal teeth in 4 rows: 3.1.1.1-1.1.1.3， last row

l1i.e.“type species of the genus"

TRANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 67

small， teeth surface diagonal with 1-3 clear grooves; gill rakers strong， short， with many striae and spines; dorsal fin origin posterior to pelvic fin insertion帥 oidiem cua vay 0 sau khoi diem vay bung]. The exception is Mesocypris， according to Ngu Hien Van (1963); some specimens show 4 rows of ph紅yngealteeth but with short dorsal fin (only 10-11 branched rays).

- Genus Pa xamYaradanioDs new !!enus

τ'ype12: Paradaniops macropterus new species (Fig. 3) belongsωsubfamily Leuciscinae.百1isgenus is very close to出.egenera Danio H B (1822)佃 dDaniops Smi出

(19045) in its appearance such as mouth type，jawbone s仰心tu眠 po副 onsof fins， especially dorsal fin at the back of body et芯.They， however， still have differences in pharyngeal teeth， pectoral organs， adhesive 0屯加 infront of pectoral fin， and number of pectoral fin rays and the shape of lateralline. Paradaniops is similar ωDaniops in that they have 2 rows of pha-

ryngeal蹴出 whileit is di貸'erentwith Danio since Danio has 3 rows of ph町 ngealtee血.

Paradaniops is di自'erentwith bo出 typesbecause it has no pectoral fin， sucker is in front of p目的ralfin origin， pectoral fin rays low and cIose， lateralline curved toward belly.

Based on the shape of some 0増加s，the three genera Paradaniops， Daniops and Danio are closely related， might be合omthe same origin. A∞ording to Regan (1924)

and Chu Nguyen Di凶(1935)，in旬rmsof白.eevolution of the cypri凶dspecies from having many旬e出tofewer teeth， Danio is mo問 primitivewhile Paradaniops and Da刀iopsare niore

related. Based on the shape and structure of t田 th，it is po悶 blethat the latter two types origi-na飽dfrom two closely related Danio species having variations such as sucker， low pectoral fin because白eylived in two geographical ar回 swith di四回entheights and sp閃 dsofflow

thus developing into two new genera.

b) New species:

The new species belong to the following subfamilies:

- Subfamilv Cvorininae 1 soecies: + Ca tru: LaichowcVDris dai new soecies (Fi!!. 1】

10 specimens body leng血49-60mm， weight 4・3000g from Da River in Lai Chau and Hoa

Bi凶1.

DIV，18ー20，A III 5-6， P 1，15-16， V 1， 8-9 lateralline scales 42， [仕組sverse

scale rows] 7112 / 5112-6112， 4 rows of ph町 ngealteeth: 3.1.1.1-1.1.13， 20ー23gill rakers on first branchial arch， body leng白 about2.4-3.0 times body dep出， 3.4-4.1times length of

head. Length of head about 3.6-4.6 times eye diameter， 2.5-3.1 times interorbital distance; head small， nape low， snout obtuse.τ¥VO pairs of barbels [rang hinh cam， mang mong mong ngan lien voi eo [出nmembrane attached to waist?]， gill rakers big， short， striated and spinous. Along body side 12-13 odd-looking black stripes crossing scales.

Ca仕u'mainly lives in North-west water百， lower boundary is Hoa B担hcity

(Da River). Lives most1y in stream with lots of small stones. Ca住uthat lives in middle and bottom layers eat m佃 ythings， produce eggs in March and June in upper stre創nwhere flows ぽ estrong， lots of stones in bottom; the eggs are sticky. It is a common economic fish in Son La and Lai Chau provinces. Its meat is good. Size 10-12 kg at maximum， normally 5-6 kg.

12i.e.“type species of the genus"

68 NGUYEN VAN HAo AND DOAN LE HOA

- Subfarnil.Y_c五tramLeusiscinae. 3 sDecies: + Ca !!:iam_dat suoi NicholsicvDris dorsohorizontalis new species (Fig.お

5 specimens， body length 49-74 mm， weight 2.9-9 g in Tay Son (Ha Bac province).

D 3， 7 P 1， 12-13 V 1， 7 A 3， 7 lateralline scale 6/ 2-3 = 37， two rows of ph釘yn司

geal teeth 5.4--4.5， 5 gill rakers in first branchial紅 ch，35-37 vertebral columns， body len併13.9-4.5 times body dep出， 3.6-4.2times head length. Head len尉1is 3-3.5 times snout length， 3.5-4.7 times eye diameter， 2.1-2.5 times interorbital distance. Body thick， back little flat， brownish， belly whitish， gray fins except anal fin pink. Similar to N. normalisl3 (N， P) except the latter body quite thick， body depth small， small belly， back ne釘 lyflat， dorsal fin distant from pelvic fin， pelvic fin distant from anal fin， colorful.

-Pa xam cam ParadanioDs macroDterus new species (Fig. 3)

5 specimens， body length 74-80 mm， weight 10.6ー11.5g. Lives in small 紺 eamin Si油 Ho

(Lai Chau province). D 3， 8; P 1， 11; V 1， 7; A 3， 13. Lateralline scales 42 9-1O/3-V. 2 rows of

pharyngeal teeth 5.3-3.5， 6-8 gill rakers in first branchial arch， body length 3.2-3.6 times body depth， 4--4.5 times head length. Head length 2.5-2.8 times snout leng白， 3.6-3.8 times eye diameter， 2.3-2.4 times interorbital distance， fins developed， without seπae， dorsal fin located near caudal fin， pectoral scales， sucker in pectoral fin origin to adapt to the flow， beautiful colors， 7-9 black bars on body side. Similar to Danio mionshinensis except that fins developed， lots of scales， only two rows of pharyngeal teeth， especially no pectoral scales， adhesive organ in front of pectoral fm.

+ Pa xam cat DanioDs nammuensis new sDecies_(Fi!!:. 4J missiruill 2 specimens， body leng出 60-80mm， weight 6ー9g， collected in Nam mu phong tho (Lai Chau).

D 3， 7; P 1，10; V 1， 7;A3， 12， lateralline scales40 9/3-V， 2rows ofpharyngeal teeth 5.3-3.5， body length 3.1-3.2 times body depth， 3.9-4.0 times head length; head Iength 3.1-3.2 times snout Ieng血， 3.1-3.2times eye diameter， head short， 2 pairs ofb紅 bells，inter-orbital distance large， Iower jaw curves up which fits加 oupper jaw， fin developed， beautiful colors， 8-9 green dark bars合omarchωtail. Similar to Paradaniops macropterus except: short body， bigger eyes， fewer Iateralline scales， with pectoraI scales but without adhesive org佃 infront of pectoral fm， teeth di百erent.

Genusc五troi.1 sDecies:

+ Ca mo: Garra laichowensis new snecies (Fil!. 5)

3 specimens， body leng血85-102mm， weight 8.5-12 g， collected in Nam mu s位'eam，PhongTho district (Lai Ch叩).

D 2， 8; P 1， 13; V 1，8; A 3，5， lateralline scales 36 6/4-V = 38， 2 rows of pharyngeal teeth 5.牛 4.5，18 giII rakers on fir冨tbranchial arch， body length 4.2-4.6 times body dep血，4.5 times head Ieng仕1.Head Iength .9-2.2 times snout length， 4.2-4.6 times eye diameter， 1.8ー2.0times interorbital dist創1ce，body long，出ick，two pairs offins， 35 vertebr加，air bladder with two small parts， blackish gray colored， belly yellowish， black stripes lined oncaud叫fin，small black spot on caudal fin base. Simil釘 ωG.caudofasciatus Pelleyrin and

13Aphyocypris normalis Nichols & Pope 1927 (type locality Nodoa， Hainan Island， China).

τ'RANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 69

Cheveyexc叩 tshort b紅bels，many small tubercles on snout， mouth subterminal， scales not similar， caudal fin yellowish with black stripes and 1 black spot on caudal fin origin.

+ P'a mi: Crossochilus namuenensis new soecies (Fil!. 6)

3 specimens， body leng白40-50mm， weight 3-4 g， collected at Nam Len， Tuan Giao district (Lai Chau).

D 3， 8; P 1，16; V 1， 8;A3， 5， lateralline scales 315112/ 3112-V 32， 3 rows of pharyngeal te活出， body length 3.6ー3.9times body depth， 3.3-3.5 times head length. Head length 3.3-3.6 times snout length， 3.7-4.1 times eye diameter， 2.9-3.2 times interorbital dis-tance， head size moderate， snout armed with tubercles， 2 pairs of barbels [vien moi khong co

旬a∞]， postlabial groove not continuous， fin rays not spinous， back gray brown， belly white yellow， scale edge dark， 1 black spot on caudal fin base. Similar to C. Benase except large head， big eyes， short snout， anal fin c10s沼toanus， and more colorful.

- Ca chat rau Lissochilus lom!iharhi.且snew soecies (Fil!. 7】

8 specimens， body leng血 148-390mm， weight 79ー1350g， collected in Bo canal (Lao Cai).

1~ ， ~1 D IV， 8; P 1， 15-16; V 1-2， 8; A III， 5， lateralline scales 44 8112 / _9112 / 1~ ，..1

4'12-5'I2-V 48，3 rows of pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2-2.3.5， 11-13 gill rakers on first branchial arch， body length 2.7-3.1 times body depth， 4.0-4.7 times head leng血;head length 2.9-3.0

times snout leng白，3.8-4.5times eye diameter， 2.5-2.7 times interorbital distance， dark gray back， belly lighter， blackish gray fins， 210ng pairs of barbels. Similar to L. krempfi with some di妊erence:more and smaller lateralline scales， longer barbel， body deeper， lives in flowing stream， eat water plant and other plant.

-亡ad五iixo_Lissochilusbevisvinus_new_sn_ecies (fie:. 8)

3 specimens， body length 96-137 mm， weight 21-61 g， collected in Rut stream (Hoa Binh).

D III， 8; P 1， [data omitted]-16; V 1， 8; A 3， 5， lateral line scales 1~ ， ~ 1

38(7'12 / 3'12)-V， 3 rows of pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2-2.3.5， body length 3-3.4 times body depth， 3.9-4.2 times head length; head length 2.8-3.0 times snout length， 3.9-4.7 times eye diameter， 2.5-2.8 times interorbital， big head， short snout， postlabial groove interrupted， 2 pairs of barbels， dorsal fin rays spinous， serrated， shor町 thanthe branched rays， black and yellowish， 1 dark black spot on caudal fin base.

-c五chatsoc Lissochilus laocaiensis new so配 ies(Fil!. 9)

8 specimens， body length 35-55mm， weight 0.8-2.3 g， collected in Trinh Quyen stream (Lao Cai).

L_ ， ~1 D I1I， 8; P 1， 16; V 1， 8; A III， 5， lateral line scales 36 6'12 / 5'12 38， 3

rows of pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2-2.3.5， 9 gill rakers on first branchial arch， body leng也3.3-3.7times body depth， 3.5-5.4 times head length; head length 2.7-3.2 snout length， 3.7-4.4 times eye diameter， 3.0ー3.7times interorbital distance， 5 evenly sep釘 atedblack stripes. Similar to L. clivosius Lin but less deep， shorter head， smaller eyes， longer barbels， no fake arch， short and few gill rakers， fewer lateralline scales， smaller and darker s住ipes.

+ cacomn配 Puntiu.ctakhnaensis new snecies (Fil!. 10】

10 specimens， body length 60-90 mrn， weight 10ー30g， collected担NhanTa Khoa stream (Son La).

70 NaUYEN V AN HAo州 oDOAN LE HOA

1._ ， ~l D III， 8; P 1， 15; V 1， 8; A 3， 5， lateralline scales 29 5'12 / 3'I2-V 31，

3 rows of pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2-2.3.5， 9-10 gill rakers on first branchial arch， body length 2.8-3.3 times body depth， 3.6-4.0 times head length， head length 3.6-4.2 times snout length， 3.5-4.0 times eye diameter， 2.2-2.5 times interorbital distance， body long， beautiful buthump-

backed， head short， snout obtuse， 2 pairs of barbels， mouth superior， dorsal fin rays spinous，

serrated， bladder two p紅 ts，back gray， belly yellowish， 1 black special spot under origin of dorsal fin and middle of caudal fin peduncle. Similar to P.tηpides but back humpier， fewer scales， less colorful.

+ c五dat仕釦E泊 rir.nrhinzι，carf!enωtus new soecies (Fi!!. 11】

2 specimens， body length 140-160 mm， weight 70-80 g， collected in Rut s回 am(Hoa

Binh) D 3， 8; P 1，16， V 1， 8; A 3，5; lateralline scales 46，住ansversescale rows 9~危/

5112; 3 rows ofpharyngeal teeth， 4.3.2-2.3.4; body length 3.5-3.8 times body depth， 4.7-4.9 times head len伸;headleng血2.8-3.0times snout leng由，4.5-4.7times eye diameter， 1.8-2.0 times interorbital distance; head moderate， snout short， obωse with small tubercle; 1 small pair

of加 belsat jaw comer， lower jaw with sh岬 keratinousedge， no postlabial groove; dorsal fin rays not spinous， not serrated， origin behind pelvic-fin insertion; body silver white. Similar toO町'chostomamicrocorpus except one p創rof small barbels， body thick， more lateralline scales， dorsal fin rays not spinous， origin behind peOlvic-fin insertion.

+ c五d五tdo拍 ricohinuservthrof!envs new soecies (Fi!!. 12)

3 specimens， body length 145-50 mm， weight 48-70 g， collected in Rut stream (Hoa Binh) and Ba waterfall (Yen Bai).

D 3， 8; P 1，15; V 1，8-9; A 3，5， lateralline scales 46，町'ansver百escale rows 1._ ， ~I

1'12 / 5'12， 3 rows of pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2-2.3.5， body length 4.1-4.4 times body depth， 4.5-4.8 times head length， head length 2.7-2.9 times snout length， 4.6-4.7 times eye diameter，

2.3ー2.5times interorbital distance， body elongated， back smaller toward head and tail， head long， snout small， 1 small pair of barbels at jaw comer， mouth bow-shaped， upper jaw with white， soft flesh edge， lower jaw with sharp keratinous edge， no postlabial groove， lateral

linecomple総，dorsal fin rays not spinous， not serrated， origin in front of pelvic-fin insertion，

body red. Body sides each with 3 black spots downward but not lined.

+ c五nhenQ"拍rir.nrhinu，cmir.rn.ctn明 anew soecies (Fi!!. 13)

4 specimens， body leng白 100-130mm， weight 19-52.2g， collected in Nham Noc Ta K加a(Son La).

D 3，_ 8 ; P 1， 15; V 1， 8-9; A 3， 5， lateral line scales 46-47， [transverse

scale rows] 1'12 / 5'12; 3 rows of pharyngeal teeth， 5.3.2-2.3.5， or 4.3.2-2.3.4; body length 3.5-4.0 times body dep出，4.5-4.8times head length， head length 2.4ー2.9times snout length， 4.0-4.2 times eye diameter， 2.4ー2.8times interorbital distance， body elongated compressed， back curved， head moderate or small， snout short， eyes small， mOUth small， sub飽rminal，lower jaw with sh創pkeratinous edge little curved behind， no postlabial groove， no barbel， small， thin membrane on waist， lateral line complete in middle of body depth， dorsal fin rays no ossified spines， origin in front of pelvic-fin insertion， body white gray and pink. Body sides with wide black stripes. Similar to Varicorhinus erythrogenys because ofblack s仕ipesonbothsides of body but less colorful， snout sho巾 r，body less de泡pand no barbel.

TRANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 71

+ Pa mom Onvchastoma microcor1Jus new soecies (Fi空.14】

14 specimens， body length 95-180 mm， weight 7，5-60 g， collected in Nam Na and Nam Lay (Lai Chau).

Dll， 11-12; P 1，15; V 1， 8;A3， 5， laterallinescales42， tr佃 sversescale rows lt- nl，_ I I!"'l

7 '12-8 '12 / 5 '12，3 rows of pharyngeal脱出4.3.2戸2.3.4，32ー33gill rakers on frrst branchial arch， body length [data omitted from original] times body dep血， [data omitted from original] times

head length， head length [data omitt怠:dfrom original] times snout length， [data omitted 合。m

original] times eye diameter， [data omitted from original] times interorbital distance， body sides gray， belly yellow whi低;eye， cheek， gill cover red， very special. Similar to Onychosωma macracanthus described by Chevey in 193614 but with smaller body， fewer lateralline scales， fewervert曲目I∞lurnns， eye diameter， bigger part of head behind eyes， larger distance after dorsal fin， smaller head depth， interorbital distance， body depth， short怠rdorsal fin origin. It eats water plant in s回 ams.

+ Pa oin Onvchns的 mabrevice1Jhalus new soecies (Fil!'. 1引

5 specimens， body length 98-345 mm， weight 15-180 g， collected in Muong Lay (Lai Chau).

L_ 111 D 4， 14-15; P 1， 16; V 1， 8; A 3， 5， lateral line scales 45 101/2_11112

/5危-V46，3 rows ofpharyngeal teeth4.3.1・1.3.4，38gill rakers on first branchial釘'ch，body length [data omitted] times body depth， [data omitted] times head length， head length [data omitted] times snout length， [data omitted] times eye diameter， [data omitted] t泊lesinteror-

bital distance， back light gray， belly yellow white， dark gray fin edge， light gray fins. Similar to Onychostoma macracanthus Pellegrin and Chevey泊 1936but with more dorsal fin rays， lateralline scales and upper and lower scales， fewer pharyngeal teeth， smaller eye diameter， head length， distance after dorsal fin; longer head depth， interorbital distance; body depth at the deepest p紅 tdeeper. It eats water plants in streams.

- sllbfamilv Ca DllC Gobioninae. 1 soecies:

+ :ea τb Hemibarbus lonr!Ianalis new soecies (Fil!'. 16)

8 specimens， body length 108-123mm， weight 20-32 g collected in Nam Lay， Muong Lay (Lai Chau).

1，_ I ，..1 D 2， 7; P 1， 16; V 1， 8; A 3， 6， lateral line scales 45 6'12 / 5'I2-V 48， 3

rows of ph釘 yngealteeth 5.3.1-1.3.5， 12 gill rakers on frrst branchial紅 ch，body length

4.4-4.8 times body dep血，3.8-4.0times head length， head length 2.5-2.7 times snout length， 3.7-4.0 times eye diameter， 3.5-4.0 times interorbital distance， upper body dark gray， belly light yellow， 9-12 black spots a long lateralline. Similar to H. maculatusl5 because ofblack spots on body but with fewer lateralline scales， more gill rakers， body less deep， especially anal fin rays very long.

140nychostoma macracanthus Pellegrin & Chevey 1936 (type locality Muong Hum， Vietnam). 15Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker 1871(type localityYangtze R.， China).

72 NGUYEN VAN HAo AND DOAN LE HOA

- Subfamil¥T_c五venAbramidinae~呂田cies:

+ Ca也jeu_bi管制eErvthroculter_1}_seudobrevicauda macrothalmus new subspe-

cies (Fi~. 17) 10 specimens， body len帥 105-210mm，weight 14-168g， collected in Ha Noi， Ha Tay， Nam

Ha (Red River and Da River). D 11， 7; P 1，14; V 1， 8;A3， 28-31， lateralline scales 6416 /ιιV66，3rows

ofph釘yngealt，目白 5A2-2.4.4，26ー27gill rakers on first branchial arch， body length 3.4-4 由nesbodydep出，4.2-4.7出nesheadlength，headlen凶13.2-4.1times snout leng也，3.2-3.8

times eye d.iameter， 3.6-4.3 times interorbital distance. Similar to E. pseudobrevicauda but with shorter head， eye d.iameter equal interorbital distance， lower lips not thick and not pro-truding much， few lateralline scales， more anal fin rays.

ill. ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPmC DISTRIBUTION OF THE CYPRINID FAMILY

IN NORTHERN VlETNAM

Little is known about the origin of northem fish fauna. H. E Sauvage (1884) was白efirst to study this saying “while f同shwaterfish fauna in the lndochina Peninsular is gener-

ally similar to白紙 inJava， Sumatra， Bomeo， that in the North is closely related to出atin

Southem China." As late as 1937， P. Chevey and Lemasson had the same opi凶on.百lerewas poor documentation by previous researchers. H. E Sauvage collected only 10 species

in northem Vietnam. Mai Dinh Yen， in his studies of Red River fish fauna (1953)， said “自shfauna in Red River has the s創neorigin with that in Hoa Nam (Chinese) province and

the sub-China region" and suggested to“expand the fish fauna in Hoa Nam， according to Berg， in Chi組副iang[“long river"]ωRed River and classify the Red River fish fauna as a sep釘 ateone".

When comparing白especies we collected (Table [not included])， we found that 52 species and 1 sub-species (60%) were very much similar to Chinese fish that include 45 mainland spe-

cies (52%)， 30 species and 1 sub-species in Hainan island (35.3%). None are similar to lndia 's 組 dMalaysia's. Besides， 31 species and 2 sub同 species(37.5%) were locally endemic.

Acomp紅 isonbetween the cyprinid species in northem Vietnam with those in Chinese

provinces like Guangdong， Guangxi， and Hainan island shows that some species are widely distributed in these areas such as ca Chep Cyprinus carpio， ca Diec Carassius auratus， ca Nhung Carassioides canonensis， ca Giam Dat Osteochilus salsburyi， ca Dong Dong Puntius semifasciolatus， ca Bong Spinibarbichthys denticulatus， ca Chay Dat Spinibarbus caldwelli， ca Chay red-eyed Squaliobarbus curriculus， ca Chao Opsariichthys uncicrostris， ca Mai Dau Soc (striped head) Rasbora cephalotaenia Steiner， ca Duc Ngo Hemibarbus labeo etc. Each region， however， has its own species:

一 Hainanisland: 6 species: Lissochilus barbodon， Lissochilus ikedai，陥ricorhinusdiscognathoides， Rasborinus yau， Lencogobio minor， Pseudoperilampus hainanensis.

- Guangdong and Guangxi， 13 species: Procypris mer叫 Procyprusraubandi， Ony-chostoma btevis， Onychostoma pogonifer16， Varicorhinus rarus，拘 ricorhinusbarbatus， Lissochilus hemi平 inus，Carssostoma stigmaωs， Fustis vivus， Yaoshanicus arcus， Tanichthys albonubes， Tanichthys albunoides， Toxabramis hゆnanni.

16ぬricorhinuspogonifer Lin 1931.

τ'RANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 73

- Northern Vietnam， 35 species and 2 sub-species: ca tru' (Laichowcypris dai)， ca lo (Cyprinus carpio v釘 multitaeniata)，ca mo' (Garra caudofasciata). ca mo (Garra laichowensis)， pa man (Garra gracilis)， ca bau (Garra bourreti)， ca bien (Onychostoma ovalis)， pa pa (Onychostoma macracanthus)， pa mom (Onychostoma microcorpus)， pa pin (Onychostoma brevicephalus)， pa mi (Crossocheilus namlenensis)， ca pa rai (Cros-socheilus benasi)， ca han (Crossochilus elongatus)， pa ma (Leptobarbus tchangi)， ca dat tr;叩 g(white) (陥ricorhinusargentatus)， ca dat do (lゐricorhinuserythrogenys)， ca pheng (Varicorhinus microcorpus)， ca hoa (Labeo tokinensis)， ca ram xanh (Labeo lemassoni)， ca my (μbeo graffueilli)， ca guoi (μbeo xanthogenys)， ca cay (Spinibarbichthys macracan-thus)， ca chat trang (Lissochilus krempfi)， ca chat rau (Lissochilus longiba倣)， ca dat xo

(Lissochilus bevispinus)， ca chat soc (Lissochilus laocaiensis)， pa can kho (Cychocheilich-thys microstoma)， ca pom pac (Puntiusωkhoaensis)， ca chiton (Opsariichthys elegans)， ca d釦1dat suδi (Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis)， pa xam cam (Parad包niopsmacropterus)， pa xam set (Daniops nammuensi)， pa lo ([Hemibarbus] longianalis)， ca thieu mat旬 [bigeye] (Eηthroculter pseudobrevicauda macrot，加lmus).

Compared to fish in Yunnan province， northern Vietnam's fish species釘 every different. According to Thanh Kh創由Thai(1958)， Yunnan's cypri凶dspecies consist of 30 species and

only 3 species among these found in northern Vietnam namely ca Chep， ca Diec， and ca Do while 27 species are different and mainly endemic to Yunnan. On the other hand， there are many species in northern Vietnam血atare not found in Yunnan or only血etypes are found. τ'he difference might be due to the geographical difference; in Yunnan， there are many plateaus 2000 m above sea level such as the Kim Sa River紅'ea，while in northern Vietnam， there紅e

lower lands. Such difference in geographical features result in many endemic species. 百lIsshows血atthe cyprinid species in northern Vietnam have two origins: a Chinese

origin such as Guangtung， Guangxi叩 dYunnan and a local origin出atresults in separate

genera and species due to geographical di宜eren田.

Chinese cyprinid species釘 e4.2 times larger白佃 northernVietnam's (370 species compared to 88 species). On the contrary， Chinese land area is 250 times larger由annorth-

ern land釘 'ea.百lerefore，northern Vietnam cyprinid species紅'e58.5 times larger in terms of landJspecies ratio and wi出 moreeconomically valuable species. The cyprinid species in

northern Vietnam釘 'ealso richer and more tropicalized with more developed defense org釦 s，more species with barbels and spines; many species eat plan臥 breedmore and more regularly， grow fast in early stage etc.

We have the following observations about the distribution of species in studied waters

in northern Vietnam (Table 1 [1ost]).

- Among由especies collected， 81 species and 3 sub-species (95%) live in rivers， C叩 als，s出創ns，22 species (25%) live in lakes or live in rivers but migrate into lakes to eat， 11 species (12.5%) live or rose in ponds and fields.

- Species with economic value are widely distributed in almost all waters such as 、、

ca chep， ca位。i，ca chaay， ca ven， ca meang， ca nhong etc. Species that eat plants are mainly distributed in mountainous areas such as Tay Bac and Viet Bac. Species that eat both animals and plants or species that eat bottom animals mainly live in delta紅 e田 andstatic waters

(ponds， lakes， and fields). - In terms of elevation， 65 species (73.5%) live in mountainous are描，63species (71.2%)

live in middle lands and 23 species (26.2%) live in delta紅'eas.The upper the stream， the

74 NGUYEN VAN HAo AND DOAN LE HOA

m'Ore species and types while the l'Ower the stream， the number 'Of cyprinid species decrease

dramatically， f'Or instance， Da River 64 species and 2 sub-species (75%)， Tha'O ~iver 50 spe-cies and 1 subspecies (69.4%)， L'O River， 52 species and 2 subspecies (61.3%)，17 Chay River

21 species佃 d1 subspecies (25%)， l'Ower basin 'Of Red River 29 species (33%)，百凶 BinhRiver 9 species (10.2%). The cyprinid species in百凶BinhRiver紅e7.3 times less血佃DaRiver and 6 times less than Tha'O River; species in rivers in Central Vietil創n紅 emuch less

出anin rivers in the n'Orth: Ma River 50 species and 1 subspecies (37.2%)紅'e0.3 times lesser 血血 DaRiver's; Lam River with 42 species and 1 subspecies (48.5%) has 0.54 times less

species than Da River. The difference besides the result 'Of ge'Ographically difference is als'O because central rivers are much sh'Orter than n'Orthem rivers.

The fact'Ors decisive t'O白edis凶buti'On'Of cyprinid species in n'Orthem Vietnam are

the difference in height， speed 'Of fl'Owing， f'O'Od c'Onditi'Ons， and latitude (temperature). Am'Ong

these fact'Ors， height， speed 'Of fl'Owing， and f'O'Od c'Onditi'Ons訂'emain 'Ones. The impact of tempera佃reis n'Ot s'O obvi'Ous since the difference in temperature is n'Ot much in regi'Ons in northem Vietnam due to its narr'Ow紅'ea.The difference in species in mountain'Ous Tay Bac and the f'Ormer 4路 gi'Onis m'Ost n'Otable， which is mainly due t'O由eteηain and height.

Ge'Ographic classification of species in northem Vietnam is not done much. In 1937， Chevey and Lemass'On divided int'O 2 categ'Ories.百 1efrrst category is species distributed in upstream紅eas.The second category is the species that live in delta紅'eas.Mai Dinh Yen， in his studies 'On Red River fishes (1962)， still maintained Chevey and Lemass'On's 'Opini'On but made s'Ome c'Omplements and divided the Red River fish fauna int'O 3 categ'Ories: upstream，

d'Ownstream， and widely dis凶buted;the b'Oundary between ups位'eamand d'Ownstream is in Phu Th'O province. H'Owever， the specimens c'Ollected by previous researchers are few， the

areas studied n'Ot many. Mai Dinh Yen 'Only studied fish in Red River thus白efishes there

cann'Ot represent n'Orthem fishes. M'Ore'Over， the p副'OfRedRiver白佃runsthr'Ough Vietnam are 'Only midstream and d'Owns回 ambut n'Ot upstream (report by Ministry 'Of Hydraulics in 1959).百 1especies we c'Ollected were合omPhu官1'0t'O La'O Cai， which were m'Ore midland，

m'Ountain'Ous白血ups位'eamspecies.

Ge'Ographic classification of fishes in n'Orthem Vietnam is a big issue which will

help in ge'Ographic classification 'Of animal fauna in general and in dividing econ'Omic紅'easlater. Since we have n'Ot c'Ollected many species， n'Ot c'Overed all the regi'Ons especially in the

f'Ormer 4 regi'On， we need t'O d'O m'Ore s旬diesin 'Order t'O be able t'O give c'Onclusion to this issue. H'Owever， with the specimens collected， we divide the cyprinid species in northem Vietnam int'O 4 categ'Ories: m'Ountainous and pla旬au，midland and mountain'Ous， delta， and the widely dis凶buted.

ーThem'Ountain'Ous and pla旬aucateg'Ory c'Onsists of m'Ountain'Ous Tay Bac， Lai Chau，

S'On La， Nghia L'O and s'Ome ne釘倒閣swith M'Oc Chau plateau t'O血es'Ou由， H'Oang Lien S'On m'Ounts (La'O Cai) t'O血enorth with majn characters 'Of height， high speed 'Of fl'Owing， n釘 r'Owriversand 柑 'eamswith bott'Om rocks， c'Old weather. The main character 'Of fishes is live in fast fl'Ows 'Or have sucker such as pa xam cam (Paradaniops mα:cropterus)， pa xam set (Daniops nammuensis)，叩eciesin出egenus Garra such as ca mdGarra laichowensis， ca niるohang

17百lere訂eproblems with percentages i目白isparagraph that do not add up to 100%.

TRANSLATION OF NGUYEN AND DOAN， 1969 75

(Garra caudofasciolata)， ca bau (Garra bourreti)， ca do (Ageineogarra imberbis)， species in genus拘ricorhinussuch as ca Dat Trang (拘ricorhinusargentatus)， ca dat do (拘ricorhinus

erythrogenys)， ca pheng (Varicorhinus microcorpus)， pa rni (Crossocheilus namlenensis)， ca pむmpac (Puntius takhoaensis)， ca紅白，(Laichowり'Prisdai)， pa mom (Onychostoma macro-corpus)， pa pin (Onychostoma brevicephalus).

一百lernidland and mountainous category (or rnidland but close to mountainous areas) consists of species that mainly live in Viet Bac: Lao Cai， Yen Bai， Phu Tho， Ha Giang， Tuyen Quang， Cao Bang， Lang Son which include main rivers such as百 aoRiver， Chay River， Lo River， Nang River etc. Beside these， it's worth mentioning mountainous areas along the former 4 region. The main feature of出iscategory is smaller height and speed of flowing compared to the above category. Though the flowing speed is lower due to large river size， the speed is still quite high. The main species are those in Labeo such as ca hoa (μbeo tonkinensis)， ca ram xanh (Labeo lemassoni)， ca my (Labeo GraJ.芦leilli)，ca guoi (Labeo xanthogenys)， species in genus ca bong Spinbarbic如'hyssuch as ca bong (Spinibarbichthys denticulatus)， ca cay (Spinibarbichthys macracanthus)， ca Chay dat (Spinibarbus caldwelli)， species in type ca Chat Lissochilus such as ca chat trang (Lissochilus kremp.fi)， ca Chat rau (Lissochilus

longibarbis)， ca Dat ko (Lissochilus brevispinus)， ca chat soc (Lissochilus laocaiensis)， ca anh vi1 (Semilabeo notabilis).

- The delta category consists of provinces in northem delta and the former 4 region delta characterized by low scope， slow speed of flowing or even static wate工Mainspecies

include ca me trang (Hypophthalmichthys harmandi)， ca tram denゅのIlopharyngodonpiceus)， ca chay (Squaliobarbus curriculus)， ca ve n (Megalobrama terminalis)， ca mai (Rasborinus lineatus)， ca dau (Toxabramis hoedemeri)， ca nhu'ng (Carassioides cantonensis)， ca ngao (Culter erythropterus).

- The widely distributed consists of species that can live in many areas with di妊erent

conditions such as mountainous areas， plateaus， rnidlands， deltas， static water， high speed flowing etc. or live in most of these訂'eas.官官 mainspecies釘 eca muong (Hemiculter leu-cisculus)18， ca凶lang(Xenocypris argentea)， ca chep (Cyprinus carpio)， ca Diec (Carassius auratus)， ca giam dat (Osteochilus salsbuηi)，cadむngdong (Puntius semifasciatus)， ca maog (Elopichthys bambusa)， ca nhong (Luciobrama macrocephalus).

CONCLUSION

百rroughour studies of the components， origin， and distribution of the cyprinid species in northem Vietnam， we have the following comments:

1. The ca chep or carp family Cyprinidae in northem Vietnam is very rich with 85 spe-

cies and 3 subspecies discovered so far that account for 53.5% of仕'eshwaterfishes in northem

Vietnam.百lesespecies belong to 52 species， 9 subfarnilies with subfanuly ca troi (Barbinae) having the most genera and species， m佃 ywith econornic values; ca tram (Leuciscinae) comes next， then subfarnily ca troi ven (Abramidinae)， subf;創凶lyca chep (Cyprininae)， subfamily cam色(Hypophthalrnichthyninae);other subfarnilies consist of fewer types and species or with less value economically. Subfarnily ca vay la or Schizothoracinae was not found.

18Culter leucisculus Basilewsky 1855 (type 10cality rivers flowing into Bay of Tschili， Peking， China).

76 NOUYEN VAN HAo AND Do釧 LEHOA

2. The cyprinid species consist of 43 sp民 iesand subspecies wi由民onomicvalues.官官間

species were introduced企omChina namely ca m己hoa(Aristichthys nobilis)， ca m色trang

(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)， and ca tram co (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)， 2 new genぽ anamely genus ca紅白，(Laichowcypris) and genus pa xam (Paradaniops)佃 d16 species and

1 subspecies newly discovered among which 1 species belongs to subfamily Cyprininae， 3 belong to subfamily Leuciscinae， 1 belongs to subfamily Barbinae， 1 subspecies belongs to

subfamily Abramidinae， and 1 species belongs to subfamily Gobioninae. 3. 百lecyprinid species in northern Vietnam have originated仕omChinese紅'easof

H創n佃， Guangdong， Guangxi， and local are剖 dueto the geographical distance and subse-quent1y new genera and species were originated.

4. The cyprinid species can be divided into 4 categories namely mountains and plateaus， midlands to mountains， delta耳，and widely dis凶buted.百lehigher血eareas， the more血etypesand species. The lower the lands，出.efewer the types and species.百lemain reasons be泊g出e

differences in elevation， flow， food sources， and temperature吐lOughnot very obvious.

REFERENCES

NOUYEN V AN HAo AND DOAN LE HOA. [1969]. Mot 80 dan lieu ve曲飢hphan nguon goc va phan bo cac loai 位。ngho ca chep 0 mien Bac Viet N包n.Bao cao tai Hoi nghi hoc thuat ngar由Thuy8an， lan 1， i+ 19 pp.