-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Nivedita, Balasamudram.Q: The school building is located in Brodipeta

in Vijayawada/ The school building is situ-ated in Brodipeta in Vijayawada. - Let meknow the meanings of the above under-lined words.

A: Located = situated.Q: He is negating = Çߪ’† é¬ü¿’ ÅE Åçô’-Ø√oúø’

- Can this translation be correct?A: Correct.Q: 'Respected' - Is this word used? As a lot of

members use the above word when theygive a speech/ speech for eg: RespectedPrincipal/ Principal sir.

A: Respected before a name/ a person's desig-nation (Respected principal, etc.) is OK,but Respected Sir, is not proper.

Principal Sir = Respected Principal. But inBritish/ American English, Mr. Principal/Madam Principal is OK.Respected Principal sir - Not correct.Q: Visual/ Visualize, historical building/ mon-

ument. - Let me know the meanings inTelugu.

★ Is Taj Mahal called a historical building ormonument?

A: Visual = connected with what we can see =îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ/ ü¿%≠œdéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†.

★ The dance was a visual feast = Ç †%ûªuç éπ†’-©-Nçü¿’.

Visualise = imagine a picture/ form a pictureof something in our mind (ü¿%¨»uEo ´’†

´’†Ææ’ûÓ îª÷úøôç/ Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-´úøç.★ Historical building = a building having

importance in history (îªJ-vûª™ v§ƒ´·êuçÖ†o éπôdúøç.)

Monument = A building, statue etc. built toremind people of a famous person/ event(äéπ v°æ´·ê ´uéÀh/ v°æ´·ê Ææç°∂æ’-ô-††’ v°æï©’í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπöÀd† E®√tùç/ Nví∫£æ«ç, etc.)

The police ran after...

Deepak,Gopalapatnam.

Q: Why aren't the first letters ofthe words: history, geography,physics, chemistry, biology,maths, civics, economics, capi-talised? - Aren't they propernouns? Similarly moon, sunand earth, world and star -Please let's know.

A: How are they proper nouns? They arewords for different subjects and not nameslike Deepak, Sekhar, etc. Same is the casewith the moon, the sun and the earth.

Q: Ç bag zip BÆœ Ñ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ Åçü¿’™ °ôdçúÕ(Zip down the bag and put these books) -Can this one be correct?

A: Open/ Zip open the bag and put the booksin (it).Zip down the bag = Close the bag.

Q: The more he learns the morehumble he is/ humble - -à-C éπÈ®é˙d?

A: The more he learns, the humblerhe becomes.

Q: The total number of boys are/ ispresent - Which is right?

A: All the boys are present.We don't say, 'the total number of

boys is/ are present'. We say, ofcourse, the number of boys present is 35, 40 etc.Q: He grew / became repentant - -D-EéÀ -Å®Ωnç?A: Both are correct, but, 'he grew repentant', is

better.Q: Would you mind my asking about you? /

my asking of you?A: '........ about you,' is correct.Q: Of all creation 'man' alone is gifted with

reason - Is this correct? Let me know themeaning please.

A: In the whole creation, man (the humanbeing - better, because woman also shouldbe included) alone is gifted with reason -Correct.

Meaning of sentence: Ææ%≠œd ¢Á·ûªhç™ ´÷†´¤EéÀ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ç™-*ç-îª-í∫© ¨¡éÀh ´®Ωçí¬ É´y-•-úÕçC.(Åçõ‰ ´÷†-´¤-©èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ç™-îªØ√ ¨¡éÀh Öçü¿E.)

M. SURESAN

Prosecuting MBA..?

Usha Kiran, Machilipatnam.Q: Once there was living a good king ruling

Simhapuri. All the people of the townwere satisfied with the ruling of the king.The king didn't have any proudness.Whenever the people came to his courtwith problems, he used to listen to thempatiently and solved their problemswisely. He didn't do injustice to anyone.One day some people went to the kingand brought the problem to his notice - Isthis story correct? If there are any mis-takes please correct them.

A: Almost correct - Except the followingsentences- Once there was living a goodking.... All the people of the kingdomwere happy with (satisfied with - notwrong, but happy with - better).Whenever people came... he listened toused to them patiently and attended tothem. (NOT solve them). One day somepeople went to the king and brought theirproblem to his notice.

Q: What is the difference between a lot andlots?

A: A lot = lots.★ ★ ★

M. Suresh Babu, Nirmal.Q: In a lesson you have written the

following: Bhavan asked Mohan which of the twowas that weekend (IDS). Can't we writethe above as follows: Bhavan asked Mohan which of the two

that weekend was? And also in the abovesentence you haven't put the question markat the end of the sentence - Please clarify.A: ....... which of the two was that weekend

= .... which of the two that weekend was.As either of the above is not a question,we don't add a question mark in the end.In indirect speech there are no questions.

Q: Sir, let me know the pronunciation givenin bracket is correct or not. Director (úÕ/ úÁjÈ®-éπd®˝).

A: Director - Correct. ★ ★ ★

Vishal, Ongole.Q: -O’®Ω’ -O’ °œ-©x-©-†’ -•-úÕ-™ -îË-Jpç-î√®√?A: Have you put your children in school?Q: If they are going there, they will feel

happy/ If they were going there, theywould feel happy - Are these two sen-tences correct?

A: a) If they go there they will feel happy,and

b) If they went there, they would feelhappy - Correct.

Q: What are they doing to him - Is this cor-rect? I have heard the above sentence ina movie - Please clarify.

A: Correct. Q: The hero fights with the vilans/ fights the

vilan.A: ........... villains (not vilans) - both are

correct.

Srinu, Khammam.Q: He was materialised - Please say in Telugu.A: He was materialized - no meaning. He materialized = He appeared

suddenly and in a way nobody can understand. (Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ éπE-°œç-îªúøç/ v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-´úøç)

Q: Command/ order - Please say the difference.A: Command = Çïc = Order. Å®·ûË 'order' èπ◊ Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ î√™« ÖØ√o®·.

Q: The police ran along/ ran after the thief- Which is correct?

A: The police ran after the thief - Correct.Q: I have been observing you that you have

looking at the book - Can present perfecttense be used in the above manner?

A: I have been observing that you have beenlooking at the book - Correct.

Q: She is no more? - Is the question marknecessary to be kept here?

A: In ordinary conversation, it is OK to say,'She is no more?'. If it is said as a ques-tion, the question mark is important.Without the question mark it will be astatement.

Q: Apart from doing M.A. I am doing/ pros-ecuting MBA. - Are the above right?

A: Apart from doing MA, I am doing (pros-ecuting - Correct, but bookish) MBA too/as well.

805

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éÀçü¿öÀ ¢√®Ωç éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’© v°æü¿-®Ωz† ûª®√yûª ¢√JE °æJ-îªßª’ç îËߪ’-úøç™ Anchor §ƒvûª ᙫ

Öçô’çüÓ éÌçûª ´®Ωèπ◊ îª÷¨»ç. ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷© anchoring í∫’Jç*

´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπüΔ.. Anchor áçûªÖû√q£æ«ç Í®ÈéAh-≤ƒh®Ó vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©÷ Åçûª

£æ›≥ƒ-®Ω’í¬ Öçö«®Ω’. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ v°æü¿-®Ωz† Åçûª ÆæJí¬™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, anchor Ææ´’-ߪ’-Ææ÷p¥Jh ¢√uêu©

(comments) ûÓ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©†’ Öû√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îª-´îª’a.

nchoring ™ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç,´·êuçí¬ NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-™„jûË, anchor vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-

©†’ Öû√q£æ«°æ®Ωîªúøç î√™« ´·êuç. äéπ v°æü¿-®Ωz†ûª®√yûª Ç v°æü¿-®Ωz-†™ §ƒ™Ô_†o ¢√∞¡x†’ cheers üΔy®√vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ ¢Á’aéÌØË™« îËߪ’úøç anchor îËߪ÷-Lq†°æE.

Suppose there is a time gap between oneitem and the next one. It is the responsibilityof the anchor to see that the audiences do notbecome restless. Engage them with somejokes, or songs by singers from among theaudiences.

Another responsibility is to ensure thatthe participants in the next item get ready bythe time the item going on on the stage ends.

Suppose a play has to be staged. It usu-ally takes sometime to arrange the settings.It is in this interval that the anchor shouldkeep the audience engaged. Invite somefrom among the audience to share jokes/humourous stories with the audience.

These are all the responsibilities of theanchor/ compere/ master of ceremonies.

A

★ All historical buildings are monumentsbut all monuments may not be historicalbuildings.

★ The Red fort/ Agra fort is a historicalbuilding, but the Taj Mahal is a monu-ment.

Taj MahalRed fort

Historical building Monument

Sofiya, Janagaon.

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

G. Subrahmanyam,Vizianagaram.

Q: Sir, minimum éπÈ®é¬d? mini-mal éπÈ®é¬d? È®çúø÷ é¬èπ◊çú≈, àņ’-´÷†ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ least ÅE¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çüΔ? - Pleaseclarify.

A: Minimum - éπFÆæç – This is anoun as well as an adjective.

Minimum = The smallest amount/ quantity/number possible - Åûªuçûª Ææy©pç.

1) Use as a noun: Rs.100/- is the minimum/ Aminimum of Rs.100/- is the amount I wantyou to pay - ؈’ †’´¤y éπFÆæç ®Ω÷.100/-Å®·Ø√ îÁLxç-î√-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.

2) As an adjective: A degree in science is theminimum qualification for the job = Ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ éπFÆæ Å®Ω|ûª úÕvU.

Minimal - Adjective = Very small in size/amount - the smallest possible - ≤ƒüμ¿u-¢Á’i-†çûªûªèπ◊\-´.

✪ I want this to be done at the minimal cost =ÉC ؈’ O™„j-†çûª ûªèπ◊\´ ê®Ω’aûÓ Å¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.

✪ I want you to arrest him but with the mini-mal publicity = †’´¤y ÅûªEo Åü¿’-°æ¤-™éÀ BÆæ’éÓ–é¬F ÅA ûªèπ◊\´ v°æî√-®ΩçûÓ.

Modern usage ™ È®çöÀéà Åçûª ûËú≈ éπE-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË O’®Ω-†oô’d least èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.Q: Write the words reading/ reading them out

= ®√Ææ÷h (°æüΔ©’) îªü¿-́ çúÕ – îªü¿’-́ ¤-èπ◊çô÷®√ߪ’çúÕ. -Ñ -Å-†’-¢√--ü¿ç éπ®ΩÍéd-Ø√?

A: Correct.

s -†’ á°æ¤púø’ z ™« °æ-©’èπ◊-û√ç?

Q: Masculine/ - ´÷uÆæ’\-Å-LØ˛ – Is this pronounced as theabove? Should we pronounce as same as it is transcribed in pho-netic manner? Åçõ‰ Phonetic í¬ á™« ®√Æœ Öçõ‰ Å™«Íí- îª-ü¿-¢√-™«?

A: It is pronounced as above, but is not Telugu Å. It is a sound wemake not by using our throat (not glottal) but above the vocalcords.806

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ....

Peraiah Sastry, Girnibavi.Q: Erase, rub - Please say the difference.A: Erase = Remove/ wipe off something

completely (without any trace) ûª’úÕ-îË-ߪ’úøç,à dž-¢√©÷ N’í∫-©-èπ◊çú≈.

✪ It is impossible to erase from our memorythe injustices of the British rule. (vGöÀ≠ˇ§ƒ©†-™ -ï-J-T-† ÅØ√u-ߪ÷-©†’ ´’† ñ«c°æ-鬩 †’ç*ûª’úÕ-îË-ߪ’úøç Å≤ƒüμ¿uç.)

Rub = Move something with some force on asurface - üËE-O’-üÁjØ√ îË®·-™«ç-öÀC ÅC-N’-°öÀd®√ߪ’ôç.

-v°æ-ü¿®Ωz-†-™ last item ´îËa-´·çü¿’ now we aregoing to conclude/ end our evening's pro-gramme with a grand performance of amagic show (for example) by ...... (Ç v°æü¿-®Ωz†îËߪ’-¶ßË’ ¢√J Ê°®Ω’ îÁ•’û√ç), Ç ûª®√yûª ¢√JíÌ°æp-ûª†ç, ≤ƒCμç-*† Nï-ߪ÷©÷ îÁ°œp, ¢√JE ¢ËCéπO’CéÀ °œ©’≤ƒhç.

á°æ¤púø÷ ¶«í¬ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ Öû√q£æ«ç éπL-TçîËv°æü¿-®Ωz† *´-®Ωèπ◊ °ô’d-èπ◊çõ‰ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ üΔE-éÓÆæç*´J ´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Ë* Öçö«®Ω’. üΔEéÀ O’®Ω’ Ñ éÀçC°æüΔ©’ ¢√úø-́ a:

The highlight of the evening's pro-gramme/ the chief attraction of the evening'sprogramme/ the item/ show you've (youhave) all been waiting for all along/ a fittingfinale (°∂œØ√L) (= the last part of an excitingperformance) to the evening's programme/You are now going to watch something very

memorable, etc - Here's (for example) themagic show by the ace/ internationallyknown/ the wizard Sri Mukund and histroupe. Let me stand no longer between youand the show.

Ç v°æü¿-®Ωz† Å®·† ûª®√yûª that was marvel-lous/ fantastic/ mind-blowing, wasn't it?

That brings us to the end/ close of thisgrand show. Thank you audience, for yourencouragement/ patronage.

That's all for this evening. I am sure youall enjoyed it.

≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒ-™„j† ûª®√yûª vote ofthanks, Ç ûª®√yûª NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©÷ Öçö«®·.NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ´·T-ߪ’-í¬ØË National anthem(ñ«Bߪ’ Uûªç) Öçô’çC. üΔEéÀ ´·çü¿’ AnchorÉ™« ´·Tç-îª-´îª’a.

Let's all stand up now and sing ournational anthem in chorus (Åçü¿®Ω÷ éπLÆœ§ƒúÕûË)/ ñ«Bߪ’ Uûªç CD ™ NE-°œÊÆh, Let us allstand up as the national anthem is played,and after that, we disperse. This is ....(Anchor Ê°®Ω’) bidding you farewell andwishing you good night.

éÀçü¿öÀ ¢√®Ωç ´®Ωèπÿ Anchor ¶«üμ¿u-ûª©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç, Anchor à v°æü¿-®Ωz-†-ØÁjØ√ áçûªÆæ®ΩüΔí¬ ÖçúËô’x îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷¨»ç éπüΔ? ¢Á·ûªhç v°æü¿-®Ωz-††’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªúøç áçûª ´·êu¢Á÷

´·Tç-îªúøç èπÿú≈ ÅçûË ´·êuç. ´·Tç°æ¤ èπÿú≈ îªéπ\öÀ finish ÖçúË™« îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.- B. Vivek, Korukonda.

Q: Sir, Ø√èπ◊ English pronunciation èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç* éÌEo doubts ÖØ√o®·. S - Ææ, ï; G - ï,í∫; OöÀE à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ᙫ pronounceîËߪ÷L? à vowels ´·çü¿’ ´ÊÆh à Nüμ¿çí¬pronounce îËߪ÷Lq Öçô’çC?

A: ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ (á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’) vowel soundsûª®√yûª ´îËa single 's' †’ 'z' ¨¡•lçûÓ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

Eg: Was, lose, etc. Å®·ûË loose ´÷vûªç ©÷Æˇ.ûª®√yûª voiced consonants (ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ææ®Ω-∞«©’) b, d, g, z (size ™ z ™«) ûª®√yûª ´îËas, z ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. (ÉD á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’). 'r'ûª®√yûª ´îËa 's' z ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.Labs, roads, bags, walls, rooms, pens -

É´Fo z ™«. äéπ rule ÅE ™‰ü¿’. N†í¬, N†í¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC, 's' †’ á°æ¤púø’ z ™«, á°æ¤púø’ 'Ææ— ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√çÅØËC.Q: éÌEo °æüΔ™x ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ 2, 3, 4 vowels, conso-

nants ´Ææ’hç-ö«®·. ¢√öÀE ᙫ °æ©-é¬L?Ex: Precious - Please explain completely.A: -iou †’ á°æ¤púø÷ 'Å—í¬ °æ©-é¬L. Precious -

v°≠æÆˇ, cautious - é¬≠æÆˇ, etc. (á°æ¤púø’ iou - Å;ion - ÅØ˛. tuition = ô÷u®·≠æØ˛, etc.)

Q: In a spoken English lesson - "I met her firstfour years ago" ÅØ√o®Ω’. Period of time èπ◊

For ¢√ú≈L éπüΔ? Ñ sentence †’ éÀçCN-üμ¿çí¬®√ßÁ·î√a?

I met her first time before four years ago, I mether first time in 1999 Å-ØÌî√a!

A: Four years ago - Ø√©’í∫’ Ææç´-ûªq-®√© éÀçü¿ô –ÉC period é¬ü¿’ éπüΔ? Ø√©’-Íí∞¡x éÀçü¿ Åçõ‰ äéπÆ洒ߪ’ç (point of time) éπüΔ?

For four years = Ø√©’-Íí-∞¡Ÿxí¬ – ÉC period oftime.

✪ Before four years - Ñ expression, Ø√©’Íí∞¡x´·çü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ É™« ¢√úøç. Four years agoÅØË Åçö«ç. É™« Å-ØÌa: Four years beforehis marriage (= ÅûªE °RxéÀ Ø√©’-Íí∞¡x ´·çü¿’)he first saw her.

Q: ´’ç* Vocabulary books (Simple style andstandard, simple words) ûÁ-©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

A: ´’ç* Vocabulary books î√™« ÖØ√o®·.Å®·ûË words ûÓ §ƒô’ ÅN ᙫ, à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™¢√ú≈L ÅØËC ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O’®Ω’ îª÷ú≈-Lq†books:

1) An ABC of English Usage by G.H. Vallins.

2) Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis.

-Ñ È®ç--úÕ-öÀ-™ È®çúÓ °æ¤Ææhéπç (Norman Lewis)î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫éπ®Ω-¢Á’iç-C.

Suresh, Mancherial.Q: They have been watching T.V. dur-

ing three hours/ They have beenwatching T.V. in the past threehours - ¢√∞¡Ÿx í∫ûª ´‚úø’ í∫çô© †’ç*Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ T.V. (not continuously)îª÷Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√o®Ω’ – Do both the abovesentences give the same meaning?Is the translation of both sentencescorrectly written?

A: They have been watching the TV off andon during the past three hours.

Q: It is located in Mancherial/ It is situated inMancherial - Let me know the difference.

A: Answered earlier. Located = situated.

- Kumar, Madanapalle.

Q: In our village there are 2 English mediumschools. In those schools, Maths teachersare saying the students tables, as Two Oneis Two and Two Ten is Twenty. I feel that itis not the right form. As per my opinion itis Two Ones are Two and Two Tens areTwenty.Please kindly let me know which is the

right and correct form to say the tables.A: The correct form is, one one is one, one

two is two, etc. But from the 2nd multipli-cation table it is:Two ones are two, two twos are four, .....

eight sixes are forty eight, etc.The point is obvious, isn't it? Two ones,

two twos - Plural.

M. SURESAN

-Veerji, Hanamkonda.

Q: Çߪ’† ´·†’°æöÀ éπçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ – How can we say this in English?(He is reading better than he was in thepast - Is this sentence correct?)

A: He (Çߪ’†) is studying much better nowthan before/ He is doing much better atstudies than before.

Reading = àüÁjØ√, Ê°°æ®˝ (Newspaper)/ StoryBook ™«çöÀN îªü¿-́ úøç.

Studying = Subject/ exam èπ◊ îªü¿-´úøç (Å®ΩnçîËÆæ’-èπ◊E, í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.)Q: Oxygen helps in burning - Please say in

Telugu.A: ÇéÀq-ïØ˛ ´’çôèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC/ ´’çúÕ-Ææ’hçC.Q: †’´¤y áçûª ¶«í¬ Çúø-í∫-©¢Ó Åçûª ¶«í¬ îªü¿-¢√L

– Please say in English (You should beable to read as well as you can play).

A: You must study as well as you can play/You must do as well at studies as you doat play/ games.

Q: I am a doctor - Let me know the subject.A: The sentence talks about 'I', so 'I' is the

subject.Q: Their house is past the Registrar Office -

¢√Rx©’x J>-≤ƒZ®˝ Ç°∂‘Æˇ Å´-ûª© ÖçC. – Is thisright?

A: Right.

Q: Finally - °∂jØ˛M, practically - v§ƒéÀdéÃx, usually- ߪ‚@x/ ߪ‚ñ¸-ÅL; completed - éπç°‘x-öÀú˛–Are the above pronunciations right? É™«'ted' ûÓ end ÅßË’u °æüΔ-©†’ öÀú˛ ÅØË îªü¿-¢√™«?Houses/ hauziz/ É™« "ses" ûÓ end ÅßË’u °æüΔ-©†’ ''>Æˇ—— ÅØË îªü¿-¢√™«? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A: Finally = faIn li = °∂j†L.Usually - Ju: u li = ߪ‚V (measure ™

su ™«)ÅL. Practically - v§ƒéÀdéÀx – Correct.´’Sx completed - Id - English ™ I ûÁ©’-í∫’™

'É— °æ‹Jhí¬ é¬ü¿’. éÌClí¬ 'Ö— éπ©’-Ææ’hçC. Å™«Íí hau I - ™ I, °æ‹Jhí¬ É é¬ü¿’. íÌçûª’

†’ç* ´îËa 'É— ¨¡•lç é¬ü¿’. é¬Ææh °j†’ç* ´Ææ’hçC.

m skj lIn/

✪ He rubbed the table with sand paper = Table†’ sand paper (Shine paper Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’ carpenters) ûÓ ®√ߪ’ôç.

Rub ointment = ointment ®√ߪ’ôç

Reading, Studying -´’-üμ¿u --ûË-ú≈?

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Satyaraj, Rangasaipet.Q: Sir, please let me know how an 'idiom' is

different from a 'phrasal verb'? How canthey be identified? Please explain, if weare reading an English newspaper, we maysee some verbs which are combined withprepositions, adjectives or adverb. Howcan we understand if they are idioms orphrasal verbs?

A: An idiom is 1) a group of words the mean-ing of which as a whole is different fromthe meaning of each word in it.Take for example the idiom 'An apple of

someone's eye' - This means someone verydear to somebody.eg: My sister is the apple of my father's eye =

My sister is the favourite of my father/ hispet.You see here that there is no connection

between Apple, someone's eye on the onehand, and favourite/ pet on the other. Suchexpressions are idioms.2) An idiom need not always be a verb/ a

group of verbs. For example, 'The apple ofsomeone's eye' neither is a verb as a wholenor any of the words in it is a verb. So itneed not be a verb - Åçõ‰ ÅC verb Å®·u

Öçú≈Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’, äéÌ\éπ\°æ¤púø’ verb í¬†÷ÖçúÌa.

eg: Give something a miss (= not to go/ attenda meeting etc.) - This is a verb.

★ A phrasal verb on the other hand is alwaysa verb.

eg: Look after = to take care of. Though themeaning of the whole group of words isdifferent from the meaning of each of thewords in it, it is still a VERB. So an idiom need not be a verb, a phrasal

verb is always a verb.Sometimes an idiom, if it functions as a

verb, it can be a phrasal verb too. eg: Give up = stop. This is both an idiom and

phrasal verb. There are a good number ofsuch expressions in English.

Q: Satya is not the cleverest of all boys (SD)Satya is not cleverer than some other boys(CD). Some other boys are at least as cleveras Satya (PD) - Are the above correct?

A: Correct.

N. Pentaiah, Dharmajipeta.Q: Ææ®˝, éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™

ûËú≈, Å®√n©’ N´JçîªçúÕ. a) Where have yougone?

b) Where did you go? c) Where you went?d) Where you have gone?e) Where you do go? f) Where do you go?

A: a) Where have you gone? - This questionhas no meaning in English.'Where have you gone?' - The verb here is,

'have gone' - have + PP - refers to a pastaction, time not stated. It means that the per-son is still away somewhere, hav-ing gone there. In such a situa-tion, that is, when the person isnot in our presence, how can weask them 'where have you gone?'.Only after they return, can we askthem. 'Where have you been?' -'O’®Ω’ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRx ´î√a®Ω’?— ÅE.'Have gone' ÅØË verb Åçü¿’Íé 'you'ûÓ ¢√úøç, Å™«Íí, I/ We ûÓ èπÿú≈.

I have gone to Hyderabad - ؈’ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’. Åçõ‰ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛™ ÖØ√o†’, ÅE éπüΔ?Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç á´-JûÓ Å™« ņ-í∫©ç? – Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†ç £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-*a† ûª®√yûª Ihave been (have gone é¬ü¿’) to HyderabadÅçö«ç. ÉüË, we éÀ, you éÀ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC.

I/ We/ You have gone to Hyderabad - Wrong.

I/ We/ You have been to Hyderabad - Right.

Where have you gone? - Wrong.

Where have you been? - Right.Have you ever gone abroad? - Wrong.Have you ever been abroad? - Right

b) Where did you go? - This is correct.Here did go refers to a past action

at a definite time. †’¢Áy-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x́ ¤/E†o/ ¢Á·†o/ Ñ §Òü¿’l† etc.? - Correct.c) Where you went? - Wrong.Where did you go? - Correct.Where you went? - Not in the ques-tion form. Questions in Englishalways have the Verb/ Helping verbbefore the subject.

eg: 1) Are you a teacher?verb sub

2) Are you studying?(Helping verb) + (Main verb)

This is so even in 'wh' questions, that is,questions beginning with what, when, where,who, which, why, how, etc.d) Wrong - for reasons explained above.e) Not a correct question - Reasons given

above.Where do you go? - Correct. (áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«h´¤? –Regular í¬/ É°æ¤púø’)

Kumar: Hi Prakash, welcome. Long since wemet. What brings you here? (®√, ®√, v°æé¬≠̌,éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E î√™« ®ÓV-™„jçC. àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤?)

Prakash: Perhaps you know I had not beenhere for the past two weeks. I returned justyesterday from Machilipatnam. (Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ-†’-èπ◊çö«, È®çúø’ ¢√®√-©’í¬ ØËE-éπ\úø ™‰†E. E†oØË´î√a ´’*-M-°æôoç †’ç*).

Kumar: Good to see you. How about somecoffee? (éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç. é¬Ææh 鬰∂‘BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)

Prakash: I've (I have) come just to see you.No coffee for me. Thanks all the same.(E†’o îª÷úø-ö«-EÍé ´î√a†’. Ø√èπ◊ coffee Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. Å®·Ø√ thanks.)

Kumar: Would you fancy tea then? (Å®·ûË öÃBÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)

Prakash: That would be fine. (ÅüÁjûË ÆæÍ®).Kumar: Would you mind waiting for a few

minutes? Your tea will be ready in no time(é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Öçúøí∫-©¢√? ûªy®Ω-™ØË F öà Ɯü¿l¥çÅ´¤ûª’çC.)

Prakash: Oh, take your time. No hurry. Iwould prefer your company to your tea. (FÉ≠ædç ´*a-†çûª Æ洒ߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ. F öà éπçõ‰ FûÓí∫úø-°æôç ´·êuç Ø√èπ◊).

Kumar: Would you move aside a little? Thetea is in the shelf behind you. (é¬Ææh °æéπ\èπ◊ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√¢√? F ¢Á†éπ Ö†o Å©-´’-®Ω™ öÃÖçC).

Prakash: Not at all. But why take all thistrouble? I've come just to spend sometimewith you. Can't we do without the coffeeand tea? (°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ áçü¿’éà v¨¡´’çû√?FûÓ àüÓ é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ í∫úÕ°œ §ÚüΔ-´’E ´î√a. Ñ鬰∂‘©÷, öé÷, Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?)

Kumar: It is more for my coffee, than foryour tea. I think I got it from my dad. Hewould drink a lot of coffee. (ÅC é¬ü¿’™‰, Föà éπçõ‰ Ø√ coffee ´·êuç Ø√èπ◊. ´÷ Ø√†o†’ç* Ø√éÀC ´*açC. Åߪ’-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ûÁí∫ 鬰∂‘û√Íí-¢√úø’.)

Look at the following expressions andtheir meanings.

✦ All the same = just the same = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ.✦ Fancy = like (É≠æd-°æ-úøôç)✦ Would you mind = mind? = Ŷμºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?✦ Do without = get on without something =

(àüÁjØ√) ™‰èπ◊çú≈ í∫úø-°æôç X Do without.★ I can do with a thousand rupees a day =

®ÓVéÀ ¢Á®·u ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ éπ≠ædç (ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’) X I can do without any money fromyou (F †’ç* úø•’s ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Ø√èπ◊ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’)ÉC î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† phrasal verb. DEo

O’ daily conversation ™ practise îËߪ’çúÕ.É°æ¤púø’ functional English ™ 'would' use

îª÷üΔlç: Look at the following sentences fromthe conversation above: 1. What brings you here?2. How about some coffee?3. Would you fancy tea then?4. That would be fine5. Would you mind...?6. I would prefer your company...

á´JûÓ-ØÁjØ√ é¬Ææh ǧƒu-ߪ’çí¬, ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'would' Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ îª÷üΔlç, ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ.

Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ Ñ sentence îª÷úøçúÕ.What brings you here? = àçöÀ™« ´î√a¢˛?´’Eç-öÀéÀ á´-È®jØ√ î√™« ®ÓV© ûª®√yûª ´*a-†-

°æ¤púø’ 'àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤? üΔJ-ûª°œp ®√™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?—Åçö«ç éπüΔ? üΔE-éÀC equivalent - What bringsyou here? Hope it is not an ill-wind that bringsyou here. (àüÓ îÁúø’-í¬L EEoéπ\-úÕéÀ ´îËa™« îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ? ÅE) Å®·ûË ´’†™ éÌçûª-´’çC DEoûª°æ¤pí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. é¬F 'What brings youhere?' ûªÊ°pO’ é¬ü¿’.

How about?/ What about? = ¢√öÀ/ üΔE/¢√∞¡x Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?

Would you fancy some coffee? Ééπ\úøwould Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç: Polite request = ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬ Å¶μºu-Jnç-îªôç.

''Would you let me sit next to you(Please)?'' = O’ °æéπ\† èπÿ®Óa-E-≤ƒh®√?/ O’ °æéπ\†èπÿ®Óa-´î√a?b) That'd (That would) be fine = ¶«í¬ØË

Öçô’çC = ÅC Ø√éÀ-≠æd¢Ë’. Éçé¬ Ñ ¶μ«´çûÓ É™«èπÿú≈ ÅØÌa.That suits me fine/ That's (That is) OK for

me.5) Would you mind...? /Do you mind...?/

Mind...? = O’Íé-́ ’Ø√o Ŷμºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?a) Pranav: Would you mind/ Mind my sitting

here? = Ééπ\úø ؈’ èπÿ®Óa-́ úøç O’Íé-́ ’Ø√o Ŷμºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?Narayana: Not al all. Go ahead. (àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’, èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ.)

b) Manohar: Hope you don't mind my askingyou, can I have that book for a few days?(O’Í®O’ ņ’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç ؈’ éÌEo-®Ó-V© §ƒô’ BÆæ’-éÓ-´î√a?)

Karuna: Certainly, but could you wait tilltomorrow? I hope to finish reading it bythen. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈, é¬F é¬Ææh Í®°æ-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Çí∫’-û√®√? Í®°æ-öÀéÀ ÅC îªü¿-´ôç °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çC).-

É™« would †’..1) ´·êuçí¬ future from the past èπ◊ – í∫ûªç™

†’ç* ¶μºN-≠æu-û˝èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.★ He said yesterday that he would help me =

Åûª†’ E†o ÅØ√oúø’, Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†E.(ņoC, E†o – ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’ôç, E†o (Past)†’ç* future ™).

2) àüÁjØ√ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ (offer îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊).3) Polite permission èπ◊ – Would you mind

my sitting here?/ Would you let meleave?

4) Polite requests - Would you help me in thematter? (Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’çîË≤ƒh®√?).

M. SURESAN

807

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ....

Would you fancy tea..?

T. Siva, Nandikotkur.Q: The train left a few minutes ago/ back - Which is correct?A: The train left a few minutes ago - Correct. Back - Wrong.Q: (a) I won't let them come here.

(b) I don't let them come here ©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?A: I won't (will not) let them come here = ¶μºN-≠æu-û˝™ ®√E-´y†’.

I don't let them come here = Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√E-´y†’, É°æ¤púø÷/ á°æ¤púø÷.

I have been to...

An apple of someone's eye -Åç-õ‰..?

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

www.eenadupratibha.net

'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

✪ The killer instinct = Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ áçûª ¶«üμ¿ éπL-TØ√ ™„éπ\-°-ôd-èπ◊çú≈ ´’†çņ’-èπ◊-†oC ≤ƒCμç-îªúøç/ Éûª-®Ω’© ¶«üμ¿ûÓ EN’ûªhç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊-†oC≤ƒCμç-îª-í∫-©-í∫úøç/Desire to act for our own advantage without mindingthe hurt it causes to others.

✪ Basic instinct = The way people/ animals naturally react or behave,without thinking about a situation/ ´’† ØÁjï üμÓ®ΩùÀ/ Ææ£æ«ï üμÓ®ΩùÀ – Ç™-

™‰èπ◊çú≈. °æ¤LE îª÷úø-í¬ØË ´’† ØÁjïç (instinct) - §ƒJ-§Ú-́ úøç.

--äéπ -¢Áj-ü¿’u-úÕéÀ, ®Ó-TéÀ -´’-üμ¿u -ï-J-T-† Ææç-¶μ«-≠æ-ù..Prabhakar: Good morning, doctor.Dr. Srikanth: Good morning. What can I do

for you?/What's (What is) your problem?(¨¡Ÿ¶μ-ü¿ßª’ç. ØËØËç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’ O’èπ◊?/O’ Ææ´’-ÊÆuçöÀ?)

Prabhakar: I've been feeling feverish sincelast night, doctor. I have a severeheadache. (E†o ®√vA †’ç* ïy®Ωçí¬ Ö†o-ô’dçC, doctor. Bv´-¢Á’i† ûª©-ØÌ°œp).

Dr. Srikanth: How is your appetite? What isyour temperature like? What did you havefor dinner last night? (O’èπ◊ AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπÖçüΔ? õ„ç°æ-Í®-˝ ᙫ ÖçC? ®√vA ¶μï-†ç™àç AØ√o®Ω’?)

Prabhakar: Yes, doctor, I forgot to tell you.My appetite has been sluggish for the pastfew days. I haven't taken my temperature.(Å´¤†’, doctor í¬®Ω÷, îÁ°æpúøç ´’J-î√†’. í∫ûªéÌEo ®ÓV-©’í¬ ÇéπL é¬Ææh ´’çü¿-Tç-*çC. ؈’temperature í∫´’-Eç-îª-™‰ü¿’.)

Dr. Srikanth: Well, let me see. Lie down onthe table there please... ... I see, you arerunning a temperature. It is about 101oF.(ÆæÍ® îª÷üΔlç. Ç table O’ü¿ °æúø’-éÓçúÕ... O’èπ◊temperature ÖçC. üΔüΔ°æ¤ 101oF.)

Prabhakar: I suspected as much, doctor, sowhat do I do now, doctor. (Ø√éπ-†’-́ ÷-†ç-í¬ØËÖçC. Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ †ØËoç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«®Ω’ú≈éπd®Ω’ í¬®Ω÷?)

Dr. Srikanth: Don't you worry. It is just anordinary fever. It will come down soon.(O’Í®ç ¶«üμ¿-°æ-úø-éπçúÕ. ÉC ´÷´‚©’ ïy®Ω¢Ë’.ûªy®Ω-™ØË ûªí∫’_-ûª’çC.)

Prabhakar: So nothing to worry about itdoctor? What diet do I take doctor?(Å®·ûË àç ÇçüÓ-∞¡† °æúø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?)

Dr. Srikanth: Absolutely nothing. Here, I am

writing out a prescription - take the firstset of tablets one tablet a day after meal,and the second set of tablets once a day atbed time. You'll be (You will be) OK in 3days. See me after three days. (àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Ééπ\úø ؈’ O’èπ◊ ´’çü¿’©’ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.¢Á·ü¿öÀ ®Ωéπç G∞¡x©’ ǣ慮Ωç ûª®√yûª äéπöÀîÌ°æ¤p† ®ÓVèπ◊ È®çúø’, È®çúÓC ®√vA °æúø’-éÓ-¶-ßË’-ô-°æ¤púø’. ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© ûª®√yûª éπ©-´çúÕ.)

Prabhakar: What about diet, doctor? (°æü∑¿uçÆæçí∫A ú≈éπd-®Ω’-í¬®Ω÷?)

Dr. Srikanth: Avoid all oily substances. Be onmilk and butter milk rice. (†÷ØÁ ´Ææ’h-́ ¤©’°æ‹Jhí¬ ´÷ØË-ߪ’çúÕ. §ƒ©’, ´’>b-í∫†oç A†çúÕ.)

Look at the following words from the passageabove:1) I've (I have) been feeling feverish since

last night.2) I have a severe headache.3) How is your appetite?4) My appetite has been sluggish.5) You are running a temperature.6) What diet do I take doctor?

ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπüΔ? É´Fo ´’†ç ï•’s-°æúÕ doc-tor ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË ´÷ô©E. É°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀí∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ îª÷üΔl´÷?1) Feeling feverish: ïy®Ωç Ö†o-ô’xçúË Å†’-¶μº´ç.

(Feverish éÀ Éçé¬ î√™« Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ÖØ√o®·.) Feverish í¬ Öçúøôç Åçõ‰ ïy®ΩçÖ†o-ô’x-é¬ü¿’, ïy®Ωç °æúÕ†ô’x ÅE-°œçîË ¶«üμ¿.

a) Mohan: You look dull. What's the matter?(àçöÀ î√™« F®Ω-Ææçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)

Sivaram: Since last night I've been feelingquite feverish. Of course I don't have a

temperature. (®√vA †’ç* àüÓ ïy®Ωçí¬ Ö†oô’dÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. Å®·ûË temperature ™‰ü¿-†’éÓ.)

2) A headache - í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çüΔç – fever,headache, stomach ache - É´Fo counta-bles. Åçü¿’-éπE OöÀ singulars ´·çü¿’ a/ anûª°æpéπ ®√¢√-LqçüË.

3 & 4 Appetite = A desire to eat something.AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ ï•’s-°æ-úÕ†¢√∞¡xèπ◊ appetite Åçûªí¬ Öçúøü¿’. ÉC lackof appetite Åçö«ç. Åçûªí¬ AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Appetite is sluggish Åçö«ç.

★ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’í¬ sluggish appetite Öçõ‰Ç®Óí∫uç ÆæJí¬ ™‰†õ‰x. ´·êuçí¬ jaundice ®Óí∫’-©èπ◊ appetite î√™« sluggish í¬ Öçô’çC.

★ Appetite †’ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† éÓJéπ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈¢√úøû√ç.

★ Most film magazines and some TV chan-nels carry scandals that try to satisfy pub-lic appetite for scandal. = î√™« °∂œ™¸t °ævA-éπ©÷, éÌEo TV channels °æ¤é¬®Ωx °æôx v°æï-©-èπ◊†oéÓJ-éπ†’ ûª%°œh-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hç-ö«®·.

5) Run a temperature = have a temperature= ä∞¡Ÿx ¢ËúÕí¬ Öçúøôç.

6) Diet = °æü∑¿uç = ¢√uCμ-ví∫-Ææ’h©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË °æ-J-N’-ûª-¢Á’i† ǣ慮Ωç.

★ Patient: What diet do you suggest,doctor? (O’Í® °æü∑¿uç BÆæ’-éÓ-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?)Doctor: Be on a liquid diet for a day ortwo - that will help. (vü¿¢√™‰ BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ – äéπöÀÈ®çúø’ ®ÓV-©-§ƒô’. ÅC ´’ç*C).

My appetite has been sluggish..

808

A.Sridhar, Onipenta.Q: Ææ®˝, éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.1) Pass out 2) Database 3) Killer instinct4) Basic instinct 5) Energetic 6) Portfolio7) Mission possible 8) Polyphonic 9) Open cost 10) Firebrand 11) Tomboy12) Flamboyant 13) Rocking 14) Introvert15) Extrovert 16) Possessiveness

A: 1) Pass out = To become unconscious =Ææp %£æ« ûª°æpôç.

When he was hit by the lorry he passed outand lay on the road. (™«K ÅûªEo úμŒ é̆-í¬ØË,Åûª†’ Ææp %£æ« ûª°œp-§Ú®· é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ ´®Ωèπ◊ ®Óúø’f O’üË°æúÕ ÖØ√oúø’).

2. Database = The large amount of informa-tion stored in a computer and can be readi-ly referred to whenever we need it = com-puter ™ EéÀ~°æhç îËÆœ Ö†o, ´’†-Èé-°æ¤púø’ 鬢√-©çõ‰Å°æ¤púø’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-í∫© Ææ´÷-î√®Ω ECμ.

5) Energetic = Havea lot of energy = ¨¡éÀh

éπLT Öçúøôç.He is an energetic young man andmakes himself busy with a num-ber of activities.6) Portfolio = î√™« Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·.a) v°æñ«-≤ƒy-́ ’uç™ äéπ ´’çvA ÅDμ-†ç-

™E ¨»ê. Arun Jaitley holdsthe defence portfolio (®Ωéπ~ù ¨»ê).

b) A brief case/ a file carrying documents/drawings of a great artist. (´·êu-¢Á’i† °ævû√©’/äéπ éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’úÕ *vû√-©†’ ÖçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË *†o°õ„d/ file).

c) äéπ ´uéÀhéÀ îÁçC† éπç°F Ê≠®Ω’x/ °ô’d-•-úø’-©èπ◊Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† °ævû√©’ Öç-èπ◊ØË case/ file.

7) Mission possible = Mission = Any workthat someone believes it is their duty to do= ´’†ç NCμí¬ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊ØË °æE.

Mission possible = ≤ƒüμ¿u-¢Á’i† NCμ.8) Polyphonic = Of several different sounds

of music played/ sung together = •£æ›∞¡ ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ/ •£æ›∞¡ í¬vû√-©ûÓ èπÿúÕ† ÆæçUûª NØ√uÆæç.

9) Open cast - A process of steelmanufacturing (Öèπ◊\ ûªßª÷-K™ äéπ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† °æü¿l¥A)

10) Firebrand - A person causingsocial or political trouble byopposing authority and encourag-ing others to do the same = ÅCμ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o-¢√-JE áC-Jç*/ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’èπÿú≈ Å™« îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ °æ¤J-éÌ™‰p ´uéÀh.

11) Tomboy = a girl who dresses and acts likea boy, liking a boy's activities - ´’í∫-®√-ߪ·úø’.

12) Flamboyant = Behaving very confident-ly, and showing a preference for bold

colours = î√™« Çûªt-N-¨»y-ÆæçûÓ v°æ´-JhÆæ÷h,´’ç* ®Ωçí∫’ ü¿’Ææ’h-©†’ ÅGμ́ ÷-EçîË.

13) Rocking = Make someone/ somethingmove forwards and backwards - üËØÁj oØ√/á´JØÁjØ√ ´·çü¿’èπ◊, ¢Á†èπÿ\ ÜÍíô’x îËߪ’úøç.

14)) Introvert = One who is shy, quiet andcan't mix freely with others = GúÕ-ߪ’°æúø’ûª÷Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ Åçûª éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬ Öçúø-™‰-E-¢√®Ω’(Åçûª-®Ω’t-ê’©’).

15) Extrovert = Åçü¿-JûÓ éπL-N-úÕí¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

Extrovert X Introvert

16) Possessiveness = The desire to havesomebody's love and affection for one-self = äéπ ´uéÀh ¢Á·ûªhç vÊ°´÷-†’-®√-í¬©÷ûª´’Íé Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ØË Ææy¶μ«´ç.

Q: Toned Milk èπ◊ Pasteurised Milk èπ◊ ûËú≈àN’öÀ?

A: Toned milk = O’í∫úø ûÌ©-Tç-*† §ƒ©èπ◊ é¬ÆæhF∞¡Ÿx/ §ƒ©-§ÒúÕ éπL-°œûË ´îËa §ƒ©’.

Pasteurised milk = Milk maintained at a con-stant temperature so all bacteria are killedand milk is preserved for a longer time =áèπ◊\´ 鬩ç E©y ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ §ƒ©™EÆæ÷éπ~ t-véÀ-´·©’ îªE-§ÚßË’™« äÍé Ö≥Úg-ví∫-ûª™ E©yÖç*† §ƒ©’.

M. SURESAN

Q: Ææ®˝, éÀçC Ççí∫x ¢√é¬u™x Åçúø-®˝-™„jØ˛ îËÆœ†°æüΔ©/ °æü¿ Ææ´·-üΔ-ߪ÷© Å®Ωnç ™‰üΔ ¶μ«´ç N -́Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

1. This book will appeal to children.2. These peaceful surroundings are very much

to my liking3. His lecture went down very well.4. I never lost my love for the countryside.5. She is mad about modelling and he is crazy

about bike racing.6. She adores chocolate.7. I was very much attached to my old TV.A: 1. This book will interest / will be of inter-

est to children/ children will find thebook interesting.

2. To my liking = I like3. The audience received his lecture very well.

(It interested them).4. I never lost my love for the village side (=

countryside) = I always loved the villageside.

5. She likes modelling very much and he likesbike racing very much.

6. She loves chocolate very much. (Adore =worship)

7. I was sentimental/ sentimentally in lovewith my old TV.

- K.V.Rao, Visakhapatnam.

mad about.. crazy about..

Tomboy.. -Å-¶«s®· é¬-ü¿’..!