A new ecological diversity approach for evaluation of ... fileBiyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri...
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A new ecological diversity approach for evaluation of black tea samples: α-indices Sebahattin Serhat TURGUT , Ebru DOĞAN, Volkan ÖĞÜZ, Sibel ŞAHİN, Zuhal AKKAŞOĞLU, Erkan KARACABEY, Erdoğan KÜÇÜKÖNER Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION In order to conduct an idea about the quality of tea samples, a number of different analytical and sensorial test are performed in the industry. In the present study, a new and simple alternative to these analysis are presented to assess different tea samples using responses of their water extracts against visible spectrum. For that purpose ecology based α-indices were employed. In ecology, briefly, alpha diversity (α-diversity) means species diversity in sites or habitats at a local scale. Here, it was used to evaluate the variation in the spectrum data of tea extracts. AIM Chemometric techniques are widely used in classification studies due to its ease of apply, comparably less time and economic requirements compared to other analytical methods. Thus, in the present study, it was aimed to investigate the possibility of classify different black tea samples produced using 21 different tea leaves harvested from varying altitudes employing α-indices according to their responces against visible spectrum. METHOD Twenty one different tea samples ensured from a national tea producer in Turkey. The samples were delivered to laboratory in pre-encoded form with random three digit numbers. Thus, the possible similarities/dissimilarities between samples were not known by the researchers before study. 2 g of tea samples were extracted in boiling water for 10 min then filtered through a filter paper. After the extracts were let for 10 min to cool down to room temperature, 1 ml was taken and diluted in 30 ml of distilled water before readings. Absorbance spectrums of the tea samples were determined between 190-1000 nm using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer however the absorbance data against visible spectrum at 354-406 nm were used as characteristic region. The most common α-divesity indices, namely Simpson (S), Shannon-Wiener (SW), Evenness (E), Brillouin (B) and Menhinick (M) indices, were calculated directly from absorbance data using PAST3 statistical analysis software. *For more detail please check Özkan, K. 2016. Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri (α, β ve γ) nasıl ölçülür?, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayınevi, Isparta. Moreover a cluster analysis were made in order to group samples according to their diversity scores. RESULTS CONCLUSION These results indicated that the chemometric approach with α-diversity indices is an easy and successful option for classification of tea samples. According the promising results, these techniques have a great potential to be further used in food industry. In the results above, according to the clustering (classical euclidean) study, two main groups may be considered among the 21 tea samples with respect to alfa diversity indices and these random coded samples can be classified under 5-7 differet sub-groups depending on sensitivity of the analysis. Acknowledgement The statistical calculations in the present study were perfomed with the help of precious education named TÜBİTAK 2229-BİDEP ‘’Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Ölçüm Süreçleri: Envanter, Veri Transferi ve Hesaplama Teknikleri’’ (Project No: 1129B371800485). Thus, we would like to thank to project executives. Random Sample Codes Simpson Std. Dev. Shannon- Wiener Std. Dev. Evenness Std. Dev. Brillouin Std. Dev. Menhinick Std. Dev. 823 0.0306 0.0002 3.5693 0.0040 0.9097 0.0037 0.3630 0.0353 12.5333 1.2355 819 0.0309 0.0003 3.5607 0.0055 0.9024 0.0049 0.4144 0.0032 14.5867 0.2237 268 0.0310 0.0004 3.5617 0.0075 0.9033 0.0070 0.3977 0.0154 13.8467 0.7580 928 0.0311 0.0002 3.5613 0.0006 0.9028 0.0005 0.4175 0.0266 14.8967 1.5184 527 0.0314 0.0003 3.5527 0.0047 0.8948 0.0041 0.4171 0.0174 14.8833 0.9411 618 0.0322 0.0010 3.5413 0.0168 0.8851 0.0145 0.4089 0.0271 14.7067 1.6358 975 0.0324 0.0008 3.5370 0.0122 0.8812 0.0111 0.4381 0.0106 16.2867 0.8416 263 0.0324 0.0011 3.5353 0.0197 0.8796 0.0174 0.3835 0.0300 13.6333 1.5007 854 0.0326 0.0012 3.5317 0.0231 0.8765 0.0202 0.3900 0.0239 13.8967 1.2352 365 0.0326 0.0006 3.5310 0.0087 0.8759 0.0078 0.4063 0.0068 14.5667 0.3287 461 0.0326 0.0016 3.5363 0.0248 0.8806 0.0224 0.4441 0.0137 16.7667 1.2702 184 0.0330 0.0016 3.5237 0.0318 0.8697 0.0278 0.4251 0.0098 15.6333 0.2540 724 0.0332 0.0013 3.5220 0.0208 0.8678 0.0181 0.4300 0.0134 15.9967 1.0598 733 0.0332 0.0006 3.5227 0.0119 0.8687 0.0101 0.4669 0.0040 18.6667 0.3963 762 0.0336 0.0006 3.5130 0.0096 0.8601 0.0082 0.4073 0.0165 14.8500 0.7673 156 0.0337 0.0013 3.5107 0.0231 0.8586 0.0200 0.4198 0.0214 15.5633 1.4049 752 0.0337 0.0007 3.5120 0.0095 0.8594 0.0084 0.4299 0.0071 16.0667 0.5762 857 0.0346 0.0008 3.5000 0.0142 0.8494 0.0121 0.4474 0.0024 17.4267 0.3661 629 0.0358 0.0003 3.4793 0.0061 0.8318 0.0053 0.4673 0.0123 19.4500 1.2668 437 0.0366 0.0011 3.4633 0.0188 0.8186 0.0154 0.4545 0.0106 18.5033 0.6842 568 0.0397 0.0044 3.4220 0.0742 0.7869 0.0572 0.4789 0.0082 21.6567 1.7992 CONTACT POSTER
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A new ecological diversity approach for evaluation of black tea samples: α-indices
Sebahattin Serhat TURGUT, Ebru DOĞAN, Volkan ÖĞÜZ, Sibel ŞAHİN, Zuhal AKKAŞOĞLU, Erkan KARACABEY, Erdoğan KÜÇÜKÖNER
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkeye-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTIONIn order to conduct an idea about the quality of tea samples, a number of different analytical and sensorial test are performed inthe industry. In the present study, a new and simple alternative to these analysis are presented to assess different tea samplesusing responses of their water extracts against visible spectrum. For that purpose ecology based α-indices were employed. Inecology, briefly, alpha diversity (α-diversity) means species diversity in sites or habitats at a local scale. Here, it was used to evaluatethe variation in the spectrum data of tea extracts.
AIM Chemometric techniques are widely
used in classification studies due toits ease of apply, comparably lesstime and economic requirementscompared to other analyticalmethods.
Thus, in the present study, it wasaimed to investigate the possibility ofclassify different black tea samplesproduced using 21 different tealeaves harvested from varyingaltitudes employing α-indicesaccording to their responces againstvisible spectrum.
METHOD Twenty one different tea samples ensured from a national tea producer in Turkey. The samples were delivered to laboratory in pre-encoded form with random three digit
numbers. Thus, the possible similarities/dissimilarities between samples were notknown by the researchers before study.
2 g of tea samples were extracted in boiling water for 10 min then filtered through afilter paper. After the extracts were let for 10 min to cool down to room temperature, 1ml was taken and diluted in 30 ml of distilled water before readings.
Absorbance spectrums of the tea samples were determined between 190-1000 nmusing a UV-VIS spectrophotometer however the absorbance data against visiblespectrum at 354-406 nm were used as characteristic region.
The most common α-divesity indices, namely Simpson (S), Shannon-Wiener (SW),Evenness (E), Brillouin (B) and Menhinick (M) indices, were calculated directly fromabsorbance data using PAST3 statistical analysis software.
*For more detail please check Özkan, K. 2016. Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri (α, β ve γ) nasıl ölçülür?, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayınevi, Isparta.
Moreover a cluster analysis were made in order to group samples according to theirdiversity scores.
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the chemometricapproach with α-diversity indices is an easy andsuccessful option for classification of teasamples. According the promising results, thesetechniques have a great potential to be furtherused in food industry.
In the results above, according to the clustering (classical euclidean) study, two main groups may beconsidered among the 21 tea samples with respect to alfa diversity indices and these random codedsamples can be classified under 5-7 differet sub-groups depending on sensitivity of the analysis.
AcknowledgementThe statistical calculations in the present study were perfomed with the help of precious education named TÜBİTAK 2229-BİDEP ‘’Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Ölçüm Süreçleri: Envanter, Veri Transferi ve Hesaplama Teknikleri’’ (Project No: 1129B371800485). Thus, wewould like to thank to project executives.
RandomSampleCodes
Simpson Std. Dev.Shannon-Wiener
Std. Dev. Evenness Std. Dev. Brillouin Std. Dev. Menhinick Std. Dev.
823 0.0306 0.0002 3.5693 0.0040 0.9097 0.0037 0.3630 0.0353 12.5333 1.2355
819 0.0309 0.0003 3.5607 0.0055 0.9024 0.0049 0.4144 0.0032 14.5867 0.2237
268 0.0310 0.0004 3.5617 0.0075 0.9033 0.0070 0.3977 0.0154 13.8467 0.7580
928 0.0311 0.0002 3.5613 0.0006 0.9028 0.0005 0.4175 0.0266 14.8967 1.5184
527 0.0314 0.0003 3.5527 0.0047 0.8948 0.0041 0.4171 0.0174 14.8833 0.9411
618 0.0322 0.0010 3.5413 0.0168 0.8851 0.0145 0.4089 0.0271 14.7067 1.6358
975 0.0324 0.0008 3.5370 0.0122 0.8812 0.0111 0.4381 0.0106 16.2867 0.8416
263 0.0324 0.0011 3.5353 0.0197 0.8796 0.0174 0.3835 0.0300 13.6333 1.5007
854 0.0326 0.0012 3.5317 0.0231 0.8765 0.0202 0.3900 0.0239 13.8967 1.2352
365 0.0326 0.0006 3.5310 0.0087 0.8759 0.0078 0.4063 0.0068 14.5667 0.3287
461 0.0326 0.0016 3.5363 0.0248 0.8806 0.0224 0.4441 0.0137 16.7667 1.2702
184 0.0330 0.0016 3.5237 0.0318 0.8697 0.0278 0.4251 0.0098 15.6333 0.2540
724 0.0332 0.0013 3.5220 0.0208 0.8678 0.0181 0.4300 0.0134 15.9967 1.0598
733 0.0332 0.0006 3.5227 0.0119 0.8687 0.0101 0.4669 0.0040 18.6667 0.3963
762 0.0336 0.0006 3.5130 0.0096 0.8601 0.0082 0.4073 0.0165 14.8500 0.7673
156 0.0337 0.0013 3.5107 0.0231 0.8586 0.0200 0.4198 0.0214 15.5633 1.4049
752 0.0337 0.0007 3.5120 0.0095 0.8594 0.0084 0.4299 0.0071 16.0667 0.5762
857 0.0346 0.0008 3.5000 0.0142 0.8494 0.0121 0.4474 0.0024 17.4267 0.3661
629 0.0358 0.0003 3.4793 0.0061 0.8318 0.0053 0.4673 0.0123 19.4500 1.2668
437 0.0366 0.0011 3.4633 0.0188 0.8186 0.0154 0.4545 0.0106 18.5033 0.6842
568 0.0397 0.0044 3.4220 0.0742 0.7869 0.0572 0.4789 0.0082 21.6567 1.7992
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