A B C D = E F G H I < J K L M H C = @ N O P = N ? F Q R I...

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Transcript of A B C D = E F G H I < J K L M H C = @ N O P = N ? F Q R I...

Page 1: A B C D = E F G H I < J K L M H C = @ N O P = N ? F Q R I ...brad/software/LuHodgesCarlinFall06.pdf · ρ CDF of ρ Spread−out Low−values High−values Conventional i q n o

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vp~pgj ~fx�njigq hpsplf�x pgjr �ksp pgk�lph ëjjigq f{ x fop kgh xfop ~fx�lp� �ipoko~�i~klx fhplr � u �ipoko~�i~kl xfhpl �kr xnljilpspl rjon~jnop � kj pk~� lpspl f{ j�p �ipoko~�mì j�p skoik�lprkop oplkjph jf �kokxpjpor kj j�p gp�j lpspl � íkmprikg ëjjigq f{ rn~� xfhplr nrigq � ko�fs ~�kig�fgjp ekolf t� e� ew ir gfî {kiolm ofnjigp � ïfîpspo ì hpr�ijp ijr ix�fojkg~p ig xfhpl ~oij i~irxkgh ~fx�koirfg ì k �ipoko~� i~kl xfhpl ðr ~fx�lp� ijm opx kigr ng~lpko � p~knrp ij ir �koh jf rkm �fî jfñ~fngjò j�p okghfx p}p~jr � �opsifnr knj�for tp �q �ì óflig r�m kgh vk{jpomì �ôôôw r�fîph j�kj pij�po

Page 2: A B C D = E F G H I < J K L M H C = @ N O P = N ? F Q R I ...brad/software/LuHodgesCarlinFall06.pdf · ρ CDF of ρ Spread−out Low−values High−values Conventional i q n o

~fngjigq fo gfj ~fngjigq rn~� p}p~jr ir krmx�jfji~kllm �nrjiëk�lp {fo xfhpl ~fx�koirfg nrigq j�píkmprikg ig{fox kjifg ~oijpoifg tí �ew ì �nj ig �ok~ji~p j�p jîf kgrîpor ~kg hi}po x ko�phlm���p ñp}p~jisp gnx�po f{ �kokx pjpor ìò � � ì îkr �of�frph �m ��ipqpl�kljpo ì íprj ì ekolig �skg hpo � ighp t�ôô�w kr k qpgpokl íkmprikg x pkrnop f{ x fhpl ~fx�lp�ijm� ��pm hpëgph � � krj�p �frjpoifo xpkg f{ j�p hpsikg~p x ignr j�p hpsikg~p psklnkjph kj j�p �frjpoifo x pkg ì � � �� t w � t � w ì î�pop j�p hpsikg~p ì � t w ì ir hpëgph kr � t w � � lfq� t� � w� � � lfq�� t� w� ì �pigqj�p li�pli�ffh ì kgh � ir ðr � frjpoifo xpkg � t�j�po �figj prjix kjpr ~kg klrf rposp kr � y rpp eplpn� ìvf�poj � � ijjpoigqjfg �ôô� {fo xfop fg j�ir �figj �w ��p rjkghkohi�igq {ng~jifg � hp�pghr fg j�phkjk klfgp y � p~knrp z �e ir nrph fglm jf ~fx�kop xfhplr ì ij ir gfj ix�fojkgj � �fxpjix pr � ir nrphjf ~fgjofl j�p hpsikg~p ðr r~klp ì p �q �ì jf qnkoh kqkig rj gnx poi~kl fspo� fo nghpo��fî ���ir x pkrnop �kr kjjok~jisp {pkjnopr � �g ligpko xfhplr ì ij k��of� ix kjpr j�p jok~p f{ j�p �ofhn~jf{ j�p �ir�po ig{fox kjifg kgh �frjpoifo ~fskoikg~p x kjoi~pr ì j�p ~lkrri~kl x pkrnop f{ x fhpl hixpg�rifgklijm� uhhigq k gfox klijm krrnx�jifg ì � � �p~fx pr j�p jok~p f{ j�p ñ�kjò x kjoi� j�kj �of� p~jrf�rposkjifgr fgjf ëjjph sklnpr � u lrf ì � � ir opkhilm kskilk� lp nrigq � e� e ofnjigpr � ínj � � klrf�kr lix ijkjifgr � u �ffolm�ëjjigq xfhpl k}p~jr � � ì rf j�kj k qispg xfhpl x km qisp ihpgji~kllmrxffj� ëjjph sklnpr î�pg ëj jf jîf hkjkrpjr �nj �ksp hi}popgj � � �p~knrp j�p xfhpl ëjr fgp f{j�p hkjkrpjr �ffolm� ��nr ì � � ~kggfj �p igjpo�opjph rix�lm kr j�p hix pgrifg f{ j�p ëjjph sklnpr �u lrf ì � � hp�pghr fg j�p ~�fi~p f{ ñ{f ~nrò t�kokx pjpo f{ igjpoprj w ì kgh gpph gfj �p igskoikgj jffgp�jf�fgp jokgr{foxkjifgr f{ � � igkllmì gpqkjisp � � ~kg f ~~no î ij� gfg �lfq� ~fg~ksp li�pli�ffhrkgh ig fj�po rijnkjifgr teplpn� ì vf�poj � � ijjpoigqjfg ì �ôô�w �

ïfhqpr � �koqpgj t�ôô �w jff� k hi}popgj k��ofk~� jf xpkrnoigq ~fx�lp� ijm f{ ligpko �ipoko~�i�~kl x fhplr � ��pio joi~� îkr jf p��oprr �ipoko~� i~kl x fhplr ig j�p {fox f{ fohigkom ligpko xfhplr �mkhhigq kojië~ikl ñ~fgrjokigj ~krprò jf j�p hkjk jf op�oprpgj j�p ~fgrjokigjr ix�frph �m j�p �ipoko�~�m� t�pp kgh �plhpo ì ���� ì nrph k rix ilko joi~� {fo kgklm�igq k lkoqpo ~lkrr f{ x fhplr � �fo pkoliponrpr f{ j�ir spgpok�lp joi~� ì rpp ïfhqpr ���� ì rp~jifg � �� � �pp � ig� ipof � íkjpr �ôôô ì �p~jifg � �� ì{fo k xfop op~pgj kgh rfx pî�kj hi}popgj nrp f{ j� ir joi~� �w �fo p�kx�lp ì ~fgrihpo j�p �klkg~phfgp�îkm okghfx p}p~jr xfhpl ì� �� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ! � " � � � � # � t�w� � $� � t�wî�pop ��� ��%& # tô � ' � w kgh $� ��%& # tô � ( � w � vpîoijp t�w kr

ô � � � $� � t�wkgh ~fx�igp p)nkjifgr t�w kgh t� w jf f�jkig k {fox kl ligpko xfhpl

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î�pop + � ���� � ì ,- kgh /- 0 tfo /0 w kop ~flnxg sp~jfor f{ ôr kgh �r ì opr� p~jisplmì : � ���� � ìkgh ; � �$�� � � ��ir �kr j�p {fox f{ k ligpko xfhpl � j�p lp{j��kgh rihp ir �gfîg ì ~fgrirjigq f{ j�popr�fgrp skoik�lp + kgh ôr ì j�p ëorj jpox fg j�p oiq�j��kgh rihp ir k ligpko ~fx�igkjifg f{ ng�gfîg�kokxpjpor ì kgh j�p rp~fgh jpox khhr �pjpofr~phkrji~ gfox kl poofor � íkmprikg kgklmrir n rigq t< w ìî�i~� = �ijjk�po t����w hpr~oi� pr �op~irplm kr ñkg k~~fngjigq ihpgjijmìò ir ihpgji~kl jf j�kj ig j�pjm�i~kl {foxnlkjifg tekolig � �fnir ì �ôôô ì �p~jifg � ��y ïfhqpr ì ����w � u gfg�íkmprikg okjifgklp{fo j�ir ~fgrjon~jifg x km �p {fngh ig ïpghporfg ðr x i�ph�xfhpl p)nkjifgr tp �q �ì �pkolp ì ekrpllk ��~enllf ~� ì ���� ì rp~jifg > ��w ì î�i~� kop j�p gfox kl p)nkjifgr {fo j�ir {fox kl ligpko xfhpl �

Page 3: A B C D = E F G H I < J K L M H C = @ N O P = N ? F Q R I ...brad/software/LuHodgesCarlinFall06.pdf · ρ CDF of ρ Spread−out Low−values High−values Conventional i q n o

|)nkjifg t< w ~kg �p opîoijjpg ig j�p xfop qpgpokl {fox ì* +,� �6 . � * � 6 � �ô � �� � � . * � 6� � . � * :; . � t�w

î�pop + ir � � �ì � 6 ir � � � ì � � ir � � ì �� ir � ì � 6 ir � � �ì � � ir � �ì : ir � � �ì kgh; ir � �� ��ir {fox rnqqprjr �fî j�p op{foxnlkjifg ~kg �p k��liph ig k lkoqp ~lkrr f{ xfhplr ��p~jifgr � kgh < f{ j� ir �k�po qisp p�kx�lpr ì kr hf ïfhqpr t���� ì �p~jifg �w ì �koqpgj ì ïfhqpr �ekolig t�ôôô ì �p~jifgr � �� ì � �� w ì kgh ïfhqpr � �koqpgj t�ôô �ì �p~jifg �w � �g �koji~n lko ì � � ir gfjgp~prrkoilm j�p ihpgjijm x kjoi� y �p~jifg < �� qispr kg p�kx�lp �

|)nkjifg t�w ~kg �p îoijjpg pspg xfop ~fx�k~jlm kr� � � � � � t�w

zpëgp j�p ofî r f{ � kgh � ig t�w ~foopr�fghigq jf � 6 ig t�w kr ñhkjk ~krprò y j�prp kop j�p ofî rfo ~krpr ig t�w igjf î�i~� j�p hkjk + pgjpo hiop~jlm� zpëgp j�p ofî r f{ � kgh � ~foopr�fghigqjf � � kr ñ~fgrjokigj ~krprò y j�pm rjf~�krji~kllm ~fgrjokig � 6 � ��p ~fskoikg~p x kjoi� f{ � ì ìir �lf ~� hikqfgkl î ij� � lf ~�r 6 kgh � {fo j�p hkjk kgh ~fgrjokigj ~krpr ì opr�p~jisplm� �oifoig{fox kjifg ~kg �p khhph {fo ~fx�fgpgjr f{ � gfj xfhplph �m k �iq�po lpspl f{ � ipoko~�mì nrigq{noj�po ~fgrjokigj ~krpr î ij� {nllm r� p~iëph ~fskoikg~p ��p�j ì krrnx p � ir {n ll okg� kgh ir �gfîg ì kgh xnlji�lm �fj� rihpr f{ t�w �m � �� jf ~opkjpk �fxfr~phkrji~ �of�lpx

� � � * + �, . � ��� � �� � * �� �6 �� ��ô� �� �� �� . � �� t>w� igpko xfhpl j�pfom j�pg ix�lipr tïfhqpr � �koqpgj ì �ôô �ì �p~jifg �w j�kj j�p ~fx�lp� ijm fohpqoppr f{ {opphfx tz�w f{ j� ir x fhpl ëj ir j�p jok~p f{ j�p �of� p~jifg t ñ�kjòw x kjoi� f{ j�pf�rposkjifgr fgjf j�pio ëjjph sklnpr ì

� � jo� t�� �6 ��� �� w t� ���� w�6 t�� �6 ��� �� w� � t�w�fjp j�kj � ir k {ng~jifg fglm f{ j�p hpriqg x kjoi� � kgh j�p ~fskoikg~p ì kgh j�nr kgmng�gfîgr ig � ��p �of � p~jifg x kjoi� ig t�w ì f{ î�i~� � ir j�p jok~p ì ir qpgpokllm gfj foj�fqfgkl ì rfñhpqoppr f{ {opphfx ò ir gfj igjpo�opjph kr ig fohigkom ligpko xfhplr � t�no k��ofk~� ~kg �p sipîphkr kg k��li~kjifg f{ j�p qpfx pjoi~ j�pfom f{ ligpko xfhplr y rpp e�oirjpg rpg ���� {fo k nrpo�{oipghlm�oprpgjkjifg f{ j�p lkjjpo �w �fo j�p lkjjpo ì ñjîf hpqoppr f{ {opphfxò xpkgr k �of� p~jifg r�k~pr�p~iëph �m jîf �krir sp~jfor ì ig î�i~� j�p ëjjph sklnpr ~kg jk�p kgm sklnp � �g j�p op{foxnlkjph�ipoko~�i~kl x fhpl t�w ì ñjîf hpqoppr f{ {opphfxò xpkgr j�p �of � p~jifg r�k~p ir k rn�r�k~p f{ � % ì� �pigq j�p gnx�po f{ hkjk ~krpr ì î ij� n� jf � hix pgrifgr ì � �pigq j�p gnx�po f{ � r ~flnxgr ì�nj j�p ëjjph sklnpr kop gfj {opp jf jk�p kgm sklnp ig j�kj rn�r�k~p � �grjpkh ì j�p ~fgrjokigj ~krpr~fgrjokig j�px ì jf j�p hpqopp ighi~kjph �m j�p hpqoppr f{ {opphfx � ��ir gfjifg f{ hpqoppr f{ {opphfxir ~fx�kji�lp î ij� rix ilko ihpkr ig j�p lijpokjnop fg rxffj�por tïfhqpr � �koqpgj ì �ôô �ì �p~jifg �w ìk��lipr jf gpî ~lkrrpr f{ x fhplr ì kgh ir igjpo�opjk�lp nrigq j�p �of � p~jifg j�pfom f{ ligpko xfhplr �ïfîpspo ì ij �kr gfj mpj � ppg p�jpghph jf qpgpokli�ph ligpko �ipoko~�i~kl xfhplr � efx�koph jf � � ì� k��pkor xfop igjpo�opjk�lp kgh ksfihr �of�lpx r li�p gpqkjisp sklnpr fo hp�pghpg~p fg �fî îpllj�p xfhpl ëjr � t�f rpp î�m � ~kggfj �p gpqkjisp ì gfjp j�kj j�p xkjoi� igrihp j�p jok~p f� pokjfo irj�p n��po lp{j �lf ~� f{ kg foj�fqfgkl �of� p~jifg xkjoi� y ïfhqpr � �koqpgj t�ôô �ì �p~jifg � w � �{ ij�kr k gpqkjisp hikqfgkl plpx pgj ì ij ir jois ikl jf ~fgrjon~j k sp~jfo î�frp foj�fqfgkl jokgr{fox kjifg�kr gpqkjisp r)nkoph lpgqj� �w��ir �k�po p�jpghr ïfhqpr � �koqpgj ðr t�ôô �w k��ofk~� jf k x pj�fh f{ ~fngjigq hpqoppr f{{opphfx ig qpgpokli�ph ligpko �ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr ì kgh ~fx�kopr ij jf � � � �p~jifg � hpsplf�rhpqoppr f{ {opphfx {fo qpgpokli�ph ligpko �ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr î ij� rix�lp okghfx p}p~jr � �p~jifg �

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igsprjiqkjpr fno k��ofk~� ðr �of� pojipr sik rixnlkjifg {fo �firrfg kgh ípogfnlli f�rposk�lpr � �p~jifg< k��lipr j�p k��ofk~� jf jîf hkjkrpjr ì fgp k rpj f{ lfgqijnhigkl �firrfg ~fngjr {ofx k lngq �pklj�igjpospgjifg joikl ì kgh j�p fj�po k rpj f{ � iggprfjk ~fngjm�lpspl okjpr f{ lkjp hpjp~jifg ig �opkrj~kg~po � �p~jifg � r�fî r �fî fno gfjifg f{ hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ~kg �p nrph jf r�p~i{m k rpgri�lp�oifo hirjoi�njifg {fo skoikg~pr ig �ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr ì kqkig illnrjokjigq î ij� j�p lngq �pklj� hkjkkgh ì ig j�p �of ~prr ì ~krjigq {noj�po hfn�j fg ~fxxfglm�nrph skqnp igsporp qkxxk �oifor � �p~jifg� ~fg~lnhpr �m oplkjigq � ijrpl{ kgh j�p �oifor hir~nrrph ig �p~jifg � jf fj�po xfhpl�~fx�lp�ijm~oijpoik kgh jf fj�po �oifor ì kgh klrf hir~nrrpr rfx p jp~�gi~kl irrnpr �� â è� �ç æ ��ä�æ� � ã��è � ãä�� æ � ã�æ� æê� ãê� � �çè��urrnx p k r~klko �� ir hokîg {ofx kg p��fgpgjikl {kx ilm hpgrijmì ~fghijifgkl fg ng�gfîg � ì

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�fjp j�kj � hp�pghr fg �' �� � kgh ( � fglm j�ofnq� j�p okjifr ( � �' �� ì î�pop ' �� ir pij�po j�p k��of��ix kjp r�p~ië~kjifg f{ p)nkjifg t�ôw ì fo k {ng~jifg f{ j�p ng�gfîg ligpko �ophi~jfo � � ì nrigq j�p)nkrip�k~j x pj�fh � �pgpokli�igq �pmfgh t� w ir hfgp rix�lm �m nrigq xfop qpgpokl � 6 ì � � kgh ��ig t�w j�kg îpop nrph ig ì rkmì t��w y rn�rp~jifgr � �� ì < ��ì kgh < �� qisp p�kx�lpr ���p {fopqfigq okjifgkli�pr p�jpghigq � jf qpgpokli�ph ligpko �ipoko~� i~kl x fhplr nrigq kg k���of� ix kjp íkmprikg kgklmrir � u r {fo j�p foiqigkl � t�p~jifg �w ì k gfg�íkmprikg okjifgklp ir kskilk�lp�m sipî igq t��w kr j�p p)nkjifgr íoprlfî � elkmjfg t���� w nrph jf hf ijpokjph opîpiq�jph lpkrjr)nkopr ì i �p �ì �m igjpo�opjigq fno ~fgrjon~jifg kr � pgkli�ph )nkri�li�pli�ffh t��� w �� â ã�é��å ãçä å éèã���� � \�__\a ]`a^\� Y� Y��_ � \^Y�efgrihpo j�p rix�lp �firrfg okghfx p}p~jr xfhpl� � �� � & �firrfg t� � w î ij� � � � � t� � w � lfq � � � � � $� � " � � � � # � t��wî�pop $� ��%& # tô � ( � w ì rf � � �� � ( � & # t� � ( � w kgh � �kr k �kj �oifo � �fo j�ir x fhpl ì � ig p)nkjifgt��w ir /- � � lnqqigq igjf t��w kgh rix�li{m igq qispr

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vprnlj t�< w ir pkrilm khk�jph jf kllfî k �gfîg f} rpj lfq � � ì i �p �ì � � � lfq � � � � � $� y rn�jok~jigqlfq � � {ofx �fj� rihpr jnogr j�p p)nkjifg {fo � � �k~� igjf t�� w � �f ~k�jnop j�ir ig �p~jifg � ðrhpoiskjifg f{ � ì t�ôw ðr �rpnhfhkjnx � � ir x fhiëph �m rn�jok~jigq lfq � � ì kgh � ir kr ig t�< w ��f rpp �fî � kgh ( � k}p~j � ì îp rixnlkjph ësp hkjk rpjr t�k�lp �w �ksigq # � �ô kgh � kgh( � kr qispg � �fo ��( � ì îp nrph k ~fgspgjifgkl ñlfî �ig{fox kjifgò �oifo ì tô ô � � ô ô �w ì i �p �ì qkxxkî ij� r�k�p kgh okjp �kokxpjpor �fj� p)nkl jf ô ô �ì �pg~p x pkg � kgh skoikg~p �ôô �

�fo pk~� f{ j�p ësp hkjkrpjr ì �k�lp � hpr~oi� pr j�p �frjpoifo hirjoi�njifg f{ j�p hpqoppr f{{opphfx � ig j�p ëj nrigq �fj� j�p k��of� ix kjp ' �� � � �� � kgh j�p p�k~j ' �� � �� � � �no � e� enrph � �kokllpl ~�kigr pk~� ong {fo �ô ìôôô ijpokjifgr � ��p jîf xpj�fhr {fo ' �� qisp spom rix ilko�frjpoifo rnxxkoipr � ��p �frjpoifor f{ � {fo hkjkrpjr � jf < �ksp rix ilko r�k�p ì î ij� k r�foj n��pojkil kgh lfgq lfîpo jkil ì î�ilp � ðr �frjpoifo {fo hkjkrpj � �kr k r�foj lfîpo jkil kgh lfgq n��po jkil ���p jonp hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ir ~kl~nlkjph nrigq j�p jonp �kokxpjpo sklnpr ì i �p �ì ' �� � ���� îij�qofn� " ðr jonp � � �fo hkjkrpjr � j�ofnq� < ì j�p jonp hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ir ig j�p �frjpoifo ��~ophi�lp rpj {fo � ì kgh j�p �frjpoifo xphikg kgh xpkg kop gpko j�p jonp � �

�fo hkjkrpj � ì j�p jonp ( � � ô ì rf j�p jonp okghfx p}p~jr kop ihpgji~kllm �pof ì klj�fnq� fnoëjjph xfhpl rjill ig~lnhpr okghfx p}p~jr � ��nr j�p jonp � � �ì j�p lfîpo �fngh fg � ðr �frri�lpsklnpr � ífj� � kgh � � kop okj�po lkoqpo j�kg �ì op�p~jigq {kiolm rjofgq �oifo ig{fox kjifg {fo( � � �� p~ië ~kllmì j�p � tô �ô �ì ô �ô �w �oifo fg ��( � ighn~pr fg k �oifo fg � �ksigq x pkg �� �> tf{ kx k�ixnx �ôw ì xphikg � �� ���� ì kgh � ��� �po~pgjilp �� �� � ��p � � gpko > �� kgh xphikg � gpko� rnqqprj j�p hkjk �nllph hfîg j�ir rjofgq �oifo ~fgrihpok�lm �nj hih gfj {nllm fspo~fx p ij �

�fo hkjkrpjr � kgh � ì � � ir gpko � ðr �frjpoifo x pkg ì xphikg ì kgh jonp sklnp � �fo hkjkrpj � ì� � ir lkoqpo j�kg � ðr �frjpoifo x pkg kgh xphikg �m � jf ��� hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ì � po�k�r op�p~jigqqopkjpo ig�npg~p f{ j�p �oifo � �fo hkjkrpjr � kgh < ì � � p�~pphr j�p gnx�po f{ qofn�r ì # � �ô ��j ir gfj ~lpko î�kj j�prp � � r xpkg ì î�ilp � opx kigr igjpo�opjk�lp kr j�p p}p~jisp hixpgrifg f{j�p ëjjph sklnp r�k~p � íp~knrp � � nrpr gf k��of�ix kjifgr kgh j�p li�pli�ffh ir lfq�~fg~ksp ì j�phi� ~nljm rppx r jf koirp {ofx �ffo ëj f{ j�p gfox kl hirjoi�njifg {fo $� � ��ir ir )nijp � lknri�lp {fohkjkrpj < ì î�pop lkoqp sklnpr ig j�p n��po jkil ~fnlh rppx ig~fgrirjpgj î ij� j�p gfox kl xfhpl {fo$� ì lpkhigq jf k gfgrpgri~kl tlkoqpo j�kg # w � � ��k�lp � ighi~kjpr j�kj j�p hkjkrpjr î ij� lkoqpo ~fngjr t� kgh < w kop rxffj�ph lprr j�kg j�phkjkrpjr î ij� rx kllpo ~fngjr t� kgh �w � ��ir ir p�� p~jph �p~knrp ' �� � ��� � � 6

� � fo ' �� � �� �� � ì rflkoqpo � � fo �� qispr k lkoqpo okjif � �� �� {fo k qispg ( � � vp~kll j�kj hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ir k {ng~jifg f{( � kgh �' �� � ì kgh j�kj ( � ir kg ng�gfîg î ij� k �oifo hirjoi�njifg � ��nr ì k �oifo fg ( � ix�lipr k�oifo fg j�p hpqoppr f{ {opphfx � ì n�hkjph �m j�p hkjk jf qisp k �frjpoifo fg � ì rf j�p �frjpoifor�pop op�p~j k �koji~nlko �oifo fg ( � � �fop rxffj�igq tlfîpo � w ~fnlh � p ighn~ph �m r�i{jigq xfop�oifo �of�k�ilijm jf rx kllpo ( � y rpp �p~jifg � ���� Y]a\� � �� ]`a^\� Y� Y��_ � \^Y�=p gp�j ~fgrihpo k ípogfnlli t�igkomw hkjk rixnlkjifg rjnhm {fllfî igq j�p hpriqg f{ íoprlfî �elkmjfg t���� ì �p~jifg �w ì ig î�i~� �igkom f�rposkjifgr � �� ì " � � � � �ôô kgh � � � � � > ì îpopqpgpokjph krrnx igq��� �� �� � ��6 �0%& � �� t� �� w � îij� lfqij t� �� w � �� � � 6 �� � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � ��6�� � t��w

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î�pop � � � � {fo �kl{ f{ j�p rkx�lp kgh ô {fo j�p fj�po �kl{ ì � � � � � � � � ô � � � � � � ì kgh t��� � ��6 w�ksp k �iskoikjp gfox kl hirjoi�njifg î ij� x pkg sp~jfo , kgh ~fskoikg~p � � � ( �6 (6�(6� ( �� � � ��phpqoppr f{ {opphfx kop kqkig ~fx�njk� lp �m ~fgrjon~jigq hkjk ~krpr kgh ~fgrjokigj ~krpr kr igt��w ì

�- 0 �6,- �6,- �6 � � �- 0 �� 1- 2 �0 1- 2 �

ô- �� 1- ô- �-ô- �� ô- �- 1-

� �� ��� �6 � � � :; � �

î�pop # � �ôô � ! � > � � < � �- 0 �� � t� �6 �� �� � �� �- w � îij� � � j�p hpriqg x kjoi� {fo "�� rn� � p~jig t��w ì : & # t, � � "�� t' ��� ww î ij� ' ��� � 6

� �� �6�� �� � ig j�p )nkrip�k~j xpj�fh � ��p ~fgrjokigj�~krppoofo ; ir �iskoikjp gfoxkl î ij� x pkg , kgh ~fskoikg~p x kjoi� � � � � 66 � 6�� �6 � �� � ì pk~� � �� �pigqhikqfgkl � � 66 � ( �6 16�� � � 6� � � �6 � (6� 16�� ì kgh � �� � ( �� 16�� � =p fglm ~fgrihpo j�p )nkrip�k~jx pj�fh {fo j�ir ô�� fnj~fx p p�kx�lp ì {fo opkrfgr ~fgrihpoph kj lpgqj� ig �p~jifg � � ��p {nll{foxnlk f{ � ir fx ijjph �pop ì �nj op~kll j�kj j�p jonp � ir kqkig k {ng~jifg f{ � � ��p x k�ixnx�frri�lp sklnp f{ � ir �ôô ì {fo k rlf� p kgh igjpo~p�j ig pk~� f{ j�p � � �ôô ~lnrjpor ��g rixnlkjigq hkjk {ofx j�ir xfhpl ì j�p jonp opqoprrifg ~fp� ~ipgjr îpop � � � � � � � 6 �� � � � � �ì kgh � � � ô � � ��p okghfx p}p~jr t��� � ��6 w îpop rixnlkjph {ofx k �iskoikjp gfox klhirjoi�njifg î ij� x pkg sp~jfo , kgh jonp ~fskoikg~p � � � � � � � � < ì î�pop� 6 � � � ô

ô ô � � � � � � ô � ôô ô �� � � � � � � < ô

ô � � � kgh � � � � < � � � � uxfgq j�prp ~fskoikg~p x kjoi~pr ì � 6 hi}por {ofx j�p oprj �m igjofhn~igq fg lm fgp okghfx p}p~j� po rn� � p~j � � � igjofhn~pr �fj� p}p~jr ì �nj j�pm kop ng~fooplkjph y � 6 kgh � � îpop j�p fglmjîf ~krpr íoprlfî � elkmjfg t����w ~fgrihpoph � � � �kr ng~fooplkjph t��� � ��6 w �nj î ij� lkoqpskoikg~pr ì qis igq lfîpo r�oig�kqp t�iq�po z�w � � igkllmì � � illnrjokjpr gpqkjisplm ~fooplkjph rlf� prkgh igjpo~p�jr ì î�i~� kop ~fxxfg ig �ok~ji~p � �îf �nghoph hkjk rpjr f{ >ôô f�rposkjifgr pk~�îpop qpgpokjph nrigq pk~� f{ j�p {fno jonp ~fskoikg~p x kjoi~pr ��g kgklm�igq j�p rixnlkjph hkjkrpjr qpgpokjph î ij� � 6 ì � � kgh � � ì îp nrph � �� ��%& # tô � 66 wighp� pghpgj f{ ��6 ��%& # tô � �� w � �oifor {fo 66 kgh �� îpop j�prp ighp� pghpgj ì k��of�oikjplmr~klph ig{fox kjisp igsporp qkxxkr t��rw � �� t�ì�w kgh �� t�ì ô �ô �w {fo � 6 ðr hkjkrpjr ì �� t� ì�w kgh�� t< ì�w {fo � � ðr ì kgh �� tô ��� ì�w kgh �� t�ì�w {fo � � ðr � �fo hkjkrpjr qpgpokjph î ij� � � ì fno kgklmrirx fhplph t��� � ��6 w kr �iskoikjp gfox kl î ij� qpgpokl ~fskoikg~p xkjoi� ì î ij� k x ilhlm ig{fox kjisp= ir�koj t ì � w �oifo {fo �6 ì n rigq � � � �� �� � kgh � � � � �g kll ~krpr ì j�p � � �kh # tô � �w�oifor �� { j�p �ôô hkjkrpjr qpgpokjph {ofx � 6 ì fglm jîf qksp k �frjpoifo ~pgjokl �� igjposkl {fo �j�kj hih gfj ~fspo ijr jonp sklnp � �g j�p oprj f{ j�p rixnlkjph hkjkrpjr ì pspom jonp sklnp f{ � îkr~fgjkigph ig j�p ~pgjokl �� �frjpoifo igjposkl � �k�lp � r�fî r rnxxkom rjkjirji~r {fo �frjpoifox pkg kgh xphikg prjix kjpr f{ � ì kgh rix ilko rnxxkoipr {fo � � � ��p p}p~j f{ � � fg � ir k��kopgj �� � kgh � � ighn~p lkoqpo hpqoppr f{ {opphfx j�kg � 6 kgh � � ì kr p�� p~jph � �k�lp � klrf ig~lnhprrixnlkjph �ikr kgh xpkg r)nkoph poofo t� �|w � �g qpgpokl ì j�p j�opp �figj prjix kjpr kop {kiolm~lfrp ì j�fnq� j�p �� igjposklr {fo � � kop rfx pî�kj î ihpo � u lrf ì fg kspokqp � � ir ~fgrirjpgjlm� jf ��� ngijr lkoqpo j�kg � ì � po�k�r �p~knrp � {f ~nrpr p�~lnrisplm fg j�p p}p~jisp hixpgrifg f{j�p xfhpl ðr x pkg rjon~jnop ì î�ilp ij ir rfxpî�kj lprr ~lpko î�kj � � kjjpx�jr jf ñ~fngjò � ��irjokgrlkjpr igjf rx kllpo �ikr kgh � �| {fo � ig j�opp f{ j�p {fno ~krpr r�fîg ì kr îpll kr k ë{j� ~krptgfj r�fîgw ig î�i~� j�p okghfx p}p~jr îpop pspg xfop gpqkjisplm ~fooplkjph j�kg ig � � ��f rpp �fî hi}popgj �oifor k}p~j � � kgh � ðr � frjpoifo ì îp ~fgrihpoph rpspokl op�kgklmrpr f{ j�p�ôô hkjkrpjr qpgpokjph nrigq � 6 � �g j�p gpî kgklmrpr ì j�p �oifor {fo 66 kgh �� îpop rjill igsporp

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qkxxk ì �nj j�pio �oifo x pkgr îpop igjpgjifgkllm x khp spom hi}popgj {ofx j�p jonp sklnpr ( �6 kgh( �� ì okgqigq {ofx ô �ô � jf �ôô � � pp�igq j�p fj�po �oifor ig j�p kgklmrir ng~�kgqph ì � ðr � ikr îkr lprrj�kg � � ðr �m k�fnj � jf � ì kgh � ðr � �| îkr xfhprjlm rx kllpo � �f j�ir p�jpgj ì � fj� x pkrnopr kopigrpgrijisp jf j�p �oifor kgh � �kr k rx kll khskgjkqp fspo � � �� â è�å� �������� �� ��a� � Y` ��c � ��^Z ^\��\] � �_�� ^`�`� �� �� �\a� ���^�a`� ]`a^\� Y� Y��_ � \^Y���p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm tugj�fgirpg ì efggpjj ì � ilpmì u ljfrp ì íkilpmì ínirj ì efgîkmì |goiq�j ì � kg�gpo ì � ðïkok ì �îpgr ì �~kglfg ì �kr��ig � = irp ì ���< w îkr k okghfx i�ph xnlji~pgjpo joikl hpriqgphjf jprj j�p p}p~jispgprr f{ igjpospgjifg trxf�igq ~prrkjifg kgh �ofg~�fhilkjfo khx igirjokjifg w ig� pf� lp j�fnq�j jf � p ig j�p pkolm rjkqpr f{ ~�ofg i~ f�rjon~jisp �nlxfgkom hirpkrp te��z w� ïpopîp kgklm�p j�p rn�rpj f{ {px klp �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm �koji~i�kgjr î�f rnosisph j�ofnq� j�p ~fnorpf{ j�p rjnhmì î�f �kh rmx�jfx r f{ ~fnq� kgh ��lpqx kj �krpligp ì kgh î�f op�fojph kj lpkrj fgphf ~jfo sirij {fo k opr� iokjfom ~fghijifg ig j�p �� xfgj�r �p{fop j�pio �krpligp sirij � ��p fnj~fxpxpkrnop ir rpl{�op�fojph gnx�po f{ hf ~jfo sirijr {fo k opr�iokjfom �of�lpx kj pk~� f{ ësp kggnkl{fllfî �n�r � ��p hkjkrpj klrf ig~lnhpr �krpligp �kjipgj ~�kok~jpoirji~r � � ì gnx�po f{ hf ~jfo sir�ijr ig j�p �� xfgj�r � p{fop �krpligp thpgfjph kr � �w ì kgh f�rposph �po~pgj f{ �ophi~jph gfox kl{fo~ph p��iokjfom sflnx p ig � rp~fgh t�|ó 6 w ì kg ighi~kjfo f{ kioîkm f�rjon~jifg t�� � �w � ugkjnokl �firrfg lfgqijnhigkl x fhpl ir� �� ��� � �� & �firrfg t� �� w � î�pop

lfq t� �� w � �� � � 6� � � � ��� � �� � � �� � � � ��� �� �� � �� � �� � t��w{fo " � � � � # � �<ô ì � � � � � ! � � � ��ir xfhpl ig~lnhpr �fj� rn� � p~j�r� p~ië~ okghfxp}p~jr �� ��%& # tô � ( �

� w kgh î ij�ig�rn� � p~j okghfx p}p~jr �� ��%& # tô � ( �� w � u��pghi� u �� hpoispr �{fo j�ir xfhpl ì î�pop j�p ëjjph sklnpr ig~lnhp j�frp {fo j�p �� x irrigq f�rposkjifgr � �ig~p k {pîf�rposkjifgr kop �pof fo x irrigq ì ' ��� ig j�p k��of�ix kjp x pj�fh ir gfj klîkmr îpll hpëgph � =phpxfgrjokjp fglm j�p )nkrip�k~j xpj�fh �pop y �p~jifg � hir~nrrpr �fî jf �kghlp �pof ~fngjr igj�p k��of� ix kjp xpj�fh �� �� �� � Y_� ��_=p nrph ighp� pghpgj gfox kl �oifor î ij� skoikg~p �ôôô {fo j�p � � ì kgh ighp� pghpgj �� t�ì�w �oifor{fo ( �

� kgh ( �� tj�p oprn ljr ~�kgqp lijjlp î ij� fj�po �oiforw � íp~knrp îp kop fglm nrigq j�p )nkrip�k~jx pj�fh {fo r� p~i{m igq ' �� ì îp ~kg ig~lnhp x irrigq sklnpr ig j�p ëjjph sklnp r�k~p xpkrnoph �m � ���nr ì j�p x k�ixnx sklnp f{ � ì kr r�p~iëph ig u��pghi� u ��ì ir >ôô � �k�lp < ðr ëorj ofî qispr � ðr� frjpoifo rnxxkoipr nghpo xfhpl t��w ì j�p ñ{nll x fhpl �ò ��p �frjpoifo x pkg kgh xphikg f{ � kop��ô �> kgh ��ô �� ì opr� p~jisplmì î�ilp � � ir ��� > ì kll rnqqprjigq k xfhprj hpqopp f{ rxffj�igq � ��p�� �frjpoifo igjposkl f{ � t����� ì � ����w hfpr ~fspo � � ì î�i~� ir ~lfrp jf j�p �frjpoifo xphikg kghxpkg f{ � �nj gfj kr ~lfrp kr ig �p~jifg � ðr p�kx�lpr � ��ir r�fî r � � ðr ~�kok~jpoirji~ � p�ksifo {fo�ffolm ëjjigq gfox kl xfhplr ì ig j�ir ~krp koirigq {ofx j�p rn�rjkgjikl gnx�po f{ �pof t��>w ~fngjr��� ��k�lp < klrf ig~lnhpr j�p �frjpoifo rnxxkoipr {fo � �� � ì kgh z �e tj�p zpsikg~p �g{fox kjifgeoijpoifg y ��ipqpl�kljpo pj kl �ì �ôô�w nghpo ophn~jifgr f{ j�p {nll x fhpl � �� p~ië~kllmì �fhpl �plix igkjpr j�p î ij� ig�rn� � p~j okghfx p}p~jr �� y � fhpl � plix igkjpr �fj� j�p �� kgh j�p �� ìopjkig igq fglm j�p ë�ph p}p~jr y kgh �fhpl � ir k opsirph {nll x fhpl opjkigigq j�p jîf xfrj ix�fojkgjë�ph p}p~jr t� kgh � �w kgh �fj� rpjr f{ okghfx p}p~jr � �f ~fx�kop j�p xfhplr ì îp nrph z �e

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klfgq î ij� � � kgh � � z �e ir k íkmprikg qpgpokli�kjifg f{ j�p u�ki�p �g{fox kjifg eoijpoifg tu �ew �z �e ~fgrirjr f{ jîf jpox r ì fgp op�oprpgjigq qffhgprr�f{�ëj ì j�p fj�po t� � ì ig {k~j w k �pgkljm {foxfhpl ~fx�lp� ijm� �xkllpo sklnpr f{ z �e ighi~kjp k � pjjpo�ëjjigq xfhpl ì rf j�p {nll kgh opsirph{nll xfhplr k��pko �op{pok�lp jf j�p xfhplr î ij� {pîpo okghfx p}p~jr � �fjp � � kgh � ðr x pkgkgh xphikg opx kig prrpgjikllm ng~�kgqph ig j�p opsirph {nll xfhpl t�fhpl � w ~fx�koph jf j�p {nllx fhpl � �fo �fhpl � tgf okghfx p}p~jrw ì j�p hpqoppr f{ {opphfx � ir p�k~jlm j�p nrnkl x pkrnopf{ x fhpl ~fx�lp�ijmì gkx plm j�p gnx�po f{ ë�ph p}p~jr ì î�ilp � � ir lkoqpo �m � �� ì ~k�jnoigqrfx pj�igq fj�po j�kg j�p ~fx�lp� ijm f{ j�p ëjjph�sklnp r�k~p �� �� � �aaY_\�` �]Y`_� �`a�Y] �`�Y ^Y�Y���\a ^`�`� �� �� �b `��`� b ��_ c Y�Y]\� YaY��Z ]`a^\� Y� Y��_ � \^Y�_�no rp~fgh p�kx�lp ir {ofx j�p � iggprfjk ekg~po �nospillkg~p �mrjpx t� e��w ì k �f�nlkjifg��krph ~kg~po opqirjom x kigjkigph �m j�p � iggprfjk zp�kojxpgj f{ ïpklj� � ��p � e�� ~fllp~jrqpfqok��i~ lf ~kjifg kgh rjkqp kj hpjp~jifg {fo ~flfop~jkl ì �ofrjkjp ì lngq kgh �opkrj ~kg~por � �gpjkr� ~�koqph jf j�p � iggprfjk zp�kojxpgj f{ ïpklj� ir igsprjiqkjigq j�p �frri�ilijm f{ qpfqok��i~kl~lnrjpoigq ig �opkrj ~kg~po lkjp hpjp~jifg okjpr � �fo pk~� ~fngjm hnoigq j�p �poifh ����� ���> ì îp�ksp j�p gnx�po f{ lkjp topqifgkl fo hirjkgjw ~krp hpjp~jifgr ì �� ì kgh j�p jfjkl ~krpr f�rposph ì ! � ���p �� ì î�i~� kspokqp k�fnj �< îij� k x igixnx f{ � ì kop gfj rxkll oplkjisp jf j�p ! � ì î�i~� kspokqpk�fnj ��� î ij� k x igixnx f{ � � ��nr lkjp hpjp~jifg ir gfj k okop pspgj ì rf îp ëj k � igfx ikl x fhpligrjpkh f{ j�p jokhijifgkl �firrfg ì î ij� �� �� �0%& � "! t! � � � w �=p rjon~jnop j�p okghfx p}p~jr nrigq j�p r�kjikl hirpkrp x k��igq xfhpl f{ íprkq ì �fo� ��flli �p t��� �w ì ig î�i~�

��� "� t� w � lfq � � � $� � � � ïpop ì j�p okghfx p}p~jr $� ~foopr�fgh jf qpfqok��i~kl opqifgr kgh kop krriqgph k ~fghijifgkllmknjfopqoprrisp teuvw xfhpl î ij� ~fghijifgkl r� p~ië~kjifg $� �$� �� � � ( �� & # t� �� � ( �� � � w � î�pop �ir j�p gnx�po f{ opqifg " ðr r�kjikl gpiq��for kgh � �� � 6

� � �� � $� ì î�pop " & � ighi~kjpr j�kjopqifgr " kgh � kop gpiq��for � ��ir kllfî r lf~kl skoik�ilijm ig j�p lfq oplkjisp oir�r ì î ij� gpko�mopqifgr jpghigq jf �ksp xfop rix ilko $� � ��p rp~fgh rpj f{ okghfx p}p~jr kop � � ��%& # tô � ( �

� w ì ( ���pigq ng�gfîg ì ~k�jnoigq gfg �r�kjikl �pjpofqpgpijm� = �ilp j�p hkjnx �� fglm ihpgjiëpr j�p rnx$� � � � ì j� ir x fhpl ir f{ igjpoprj jf r�kjikl p�ihpx iflfqirjr rpp�igq jf ~�kok~jpoi�p �pjpofqpgpijm kr

r�kjikl fo gfgr�kjikl tp �q �ì íprj ì =kllpo ì ��fx kr ì efglfg � uogflh ì ���� w � u��pghi� u �� hpoispr� {fo j�ir x fhpl �� �� �� � Y_� ��_=p ëj j�ir xfhpl nrigq ighp� pghpgj igsporp qkxxk �oifor î ij� r�k�p kgh okjp �kokx pjpor ô �ô � {fo( �� kgh ( �

� � �g ~fx�njigq � ðr �oifo �m rkx�ligq {ofx j�p �oifor f{ ( �� kgh ( �� ì x kgm ( �� hokî r îpop

rf �iq� j�kj j�p oiq�j� xfrj x kjoi� ig t��w îkr gnxpoi~kllm rigqnlko ì rf �k�lp � lirjr fglm �frjpoifornxxkoipr {fo � �krph fg j�p jîf ' �� r� p~ië~kjifgr � ��p �frjpoifo {fo � ir �ofkhlm ~fgrirjpgj î ij�� � ì j�fnq� � � ir kqkig lkoqpo j�kg � ì �m gpkolm < � ��p �frjpoifor {fo � �krph fg j�p p�k~j kghk��of� ix kjp ' �� kop spom rix ilko �

� iqnop � r�fî r ~�fof�lpj� x k�r f{ j�p �frjpoifo x pkgr f{ $� tlp{j �kgplw kgh � � toiq�j �kgplw ���p $� xk� r�fî r k ~lpko ~ln rjpo f{ �iq�po lkjp�hpjp~jifg okjpr ig j�p gfoj�îprj �koj f{ j�p rjkjp ���ir x km ighi~kjp ngf�rposph ì qpfqok��i~kllm oplkjph ~fskoikjpr ì rn~� kr �pklj� ~kop k~~prri�ilijmfo �of�pgrijm jf rpp� ~kop � ��pop kop �> ~fngjipr ì rf j�p rxkll �frjpoifo prjix kjpr f{ � kgh � �rnqqprj j�kj j�p lfq oplkjisp oir�r �ksp � ppg rn�rjkgjikllm rxffj�ph � ��ir rx ffj�gprr ~kg klrf �prppg ig j�p okj�po gkoofî okgqpr r�kggph �m �iqnop �ðr ëjjph $� kgh � � �

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�iqnop �� �frjpoifo x pkgr f{ $� tlp{j w kgh � � toiq�jw {fo j�p � iggprfjk �opkrj ~kg~po hpjp~jifg hkjk �

� â é ãä� è��æ�� ç � �æ��èç� åç ��ê ã�� �æãç æu îpll��gfîg hi� ~nljm ig íkmprikg �ipoko~�i~kl x fhpligq ir r�p~i{migq �oifo hirjoi�njifgr ì pr� p~ikllm{fo skoikg~p �kokx pjpor ì � p~knrp jm�i~kllm j�pop ir lijjlp oplpskgj p��poj f�igifg fo �oifo hkjk ì kgh�p~knrp j�pm kop ig�popgjlm gfg� igjnijisp tij ir hi� ~nlj jf j�ig� k�fnj j�p �oifo skoikg~p f{ kskoikg~pw � zpqoppr f{ {opphfx xkm �pl� ì � p~knrp î�pg r�oig�kqp fo rxffj� igq ir ~fgjofllph �m krigqlp skoikg~p ì � ir k fgp�jf�fgp {ng~jifg f{ j�kj skoikg~p � �fo i �i �h � okghfx p}p~jr ì p)nkjifg t��wr�fî r j�kj � ir k {ng~jifg f{ ( � kgh ' �� tpij�po jopkjph kr �gfîg �rpnhfskoikg~pr fo kr {ng~jifgr f{j�p ng�gfîg xpkg rjon~jnoprw � �fo qispg ' �� ì k �oifo fg ( � ighn~pr k �oifo fg � ì �nj klrf ì k �oifofg � ighn~pr k �oifo fg ( � � ïfhqpr � �koqpgj t�ôô �ì �p~jifg �w p��lfoph j�ir îkm f{ r�p~i{migq�oifor {fo gfox kl�gfox kl �ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr ��f hpxfgrjokjp j�ir �frri�ilijmì ~fgrihpo �p~jifg < ��ðr �fhpl � {fo j�p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm hkjk ìî�i~� ig~lnhpr fglm fgp rpj f{ okghfx p}p~jr t� � w ig khhijifg jf j�p {nll rpj f{ ë�ph p}p~jr ì rf �ir k {ng~jifg f{ ' ��� kgh ( �

� � ïpg~p k �oifo fg � ighn~pr k �oifo fg ( �� � �fo k �off{ f{ �oig~i� lp ì îp

~fgrihpo j�p k��of� ix kjp x pj�fh {fo ' ��� ì p�~lnhigq sirijr î ij� x irrigq hkjk � �f rpp �fî hi}popgj�oifor {fo � k}p~j ijr �frjpoifo ì îp ~fgrihpoph j�opp igsporp qkxxk r�p~ië ~kjifgr {fo ( �

� rplp~jph{fo j�p �oifor j�pm ighn~p fg � � fgp r�opkhigq ijr rn��foj fspo j�p igjposkl t� � �<ôw ì j�p okgqp f{�frri�lp � {fo �fhpl �ì fgp ~fg~pgjokjph fg lfî sklnpr f{ � ì kgh fgp ~fg~pgjokjph fg �iq� sklnprf{ � � �k�lp � lirjr j�p rplp~jph �oifor kgh ~foopr�fghigq �frjpoifo rnxxkoipr {fo j�p �ngq ïpklj��jnhm hkjkrpj � �fo ~fx�koirfg ì �k�lp � ig~lnhpr j�p ~fgspgjifgkl 1 tô ô � � ô ô �w �oifo ì î�i~��njr pspg xfop �oifo x krr fg �iq� � j�kg j�p � iq��sklnpr �oifo � � iqnop � r�fî r j�p ~nxnlkjisphirjoi�njifg {ng~jifgr tez�rw {fo j�p �oifor ighn~ph fg � �m j�prp {fno �oifor fg ( �

� ��fji~p j�kj � ðr � frjpoifo ir gfj xn~� ig�npg~ph �m ijr �oifo ì pspg j�fnq� j�p �oifo ~fg~pgjokjphfg lfî sklnpr �njr �� f{ j�p �frjpoifo x krr fg k lfîpo okgqp f{ � ~fx�koph jf j�p fj�po �oifor �ïfîpspo ì �n t�ôô�w hih k rix ilko kgklmrir f{ j�p � iggprfjk �opkrj ~kg~po lkjp hpjp~jifg hkjk kgh{fngh xn~� qopkjpo rpgrijisijm jf j�p �oifo fg � ��fî ~fgrihpo j�p opsporp �of�lpx ì î�pop k �oifo ir � lk~ph fg � jf ighn~p k �oifo fg ( �

� � ug f��sifnr ~kghihkjp �oifo {fo � ir ngi{fox fg j�p igjposkl t� � �<ôw y j�ir �oifo ir koqnk�lm gfgig{fox kjispk�fnj j�p kxfngj f{ r�oig�kqp � �f hf j�ir {fo j�p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm hkjk ì îp rkx�lph � {ofx�gi{ t� � �<ôw kgh rflsph {fo ( �

� {fo pk~� hokî � �iqnop � r�fî r �irjfqokx r f{ j�p ( �� kgh lfq t( �

� wrkx�lpr � ��p hirjoi�njifg f{ lfq t( �

� w oprpx�lpr k gfox kl hpgrijmì rnqqprjigq j�p ighn~ph hirjoi��njifg fg ��( �

� ir ofnq�lm lfqgfox kl � �iqnop < ~fx�kopr j�p hirjoi�njifgr f{ lfq t( �� w ì ��( �

� ì kgh��( �

� fg k lfqkoij�x i~ r~klp jf � prj�ëjjigq gfoxkl ì qkxxk ì kgh lfq�qkxxk )nkgjilpr ì opr� p~jisplm�� iqnop < tkw rnqqprjr j�p ngi{fox �oifo fg � hfpr ighn~p k ofnq�lm gfox kl �oifo fg lfq t( �

� w ì î ij�rxkll hpsikjifgr ig �fj� jkilr � ��p fj�po jîf �kgplr ighi~kjp k qofrr hi}popg~p ig j�p lfîpo jkil

�ô

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0.0

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�iqnop � � ez�r f{ �oifor {fo � ighn~ph �m {fno hi}popgj igsporp qkxxk r�p~ië~kjifgr {fo ( �� ig j�p

lfgqijnhigkl okghfx p}p~jr xfhpl ì j�p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm hkjk �

� pjîppg k qkxxk �oifo fg ��( �� kgh j�p �oifo ighn~ph �m k �kj hirjoi�njifg fg � � ��p igsporp

qkxxk �oifo {fo ( �� �lk~pr {ko xfop x krr fg p�jopx plm jigm sklnpr f{ ��( �

� j�kg hfpr j�p k��kopgjlmxfop rpgri�lp ngi{fox �oifo {fo � �� â è ãêé ãç ä��ir �k�po �oprpgjph k hpqoppr�f{�{opphfx xpkrnop � {fo qpgpokli�ph ligpko � ipoko~�i~kl x fhplrkgh p�px�liëph ij {fo �firrfg kgh �igfx ikl li�pli�ffhr � =p �ksp px��kri�ph ~fx�koigq � jfj�p ~fx�lp� ijm x pkrnop � � f{ ��ipqpl�kljpo pj kl � t�ôô�w ì î�f r�fîph t�p~jifg � ��w j�kj ig qopkjqpgpoklijm � � � jok~p t� ���� � w ì î�pop � ���� ir j�p f�rposph �ir�po ig{fox kjifg psklnkjph kj j�p�frjpoifo x pkg � f{ j�pio {f ~nr �kokx pjpo ì kgh � ir ðr �frjpoifo ~fskoikg~p � ��ir ig jnog ir~lfrplm k��of� ix kjph �m � ì kr ig t��w ì p��lkig igq j�p rix ilkoijm �pjîppg � kgh � � � ��ipqpl�kljpopj kl � t�ôô� ì �p~jifg < ��w klrf r�fîph j�kj {fo gfox kl ligpko xfhplr î ij� �gfîg skoikg~pr ì � � irïfhqpr � �koqpgj ðr t�ôô �w � ì î�i~� j�p �oprpgj �k�po p�jpghph � ��nr � ig�poijr � � ðr k��of�ix kjphp~irifg�j�pfopji~ okjifgklp ì hpoisph ig ��iplqpl�kljpo pj kl t�ôô� ì �p~jifg > �� w � ínj � ir gfj ihpgji~kljf � � ì kgh ig �koji~n lko ksfihr jîf f{ � � ðr îpk�gprrpr � ijr ñ�lk~� �f�ò )nklijmì kgh ijr f ~~krifgkljpghpg~m jf � p gpqkjisp t��ipqpl�kljpo pj kl �ì �ôô� ì �p~jifg � �� y eplpn� ì vf�poj � � ijjpoigqjfg ì�ôô�w fo ì kr ig fno �firrfg p�kx�lp t�p~jifg � ��w ì lkoqpo j�kg j�p gnx�po f{ okghfx p}p~jr ���prp � pgpëjr f{ � ~fx p kj j�p �oi~p f{ rfx pî�kj xfop igjpgrisp ~fx�njigq ì î�i~� � � ksfihr t����ipqpl�kljpo pj kl �ì �ôô� ì �p~jifg < ��w �

ókihk � ílkg~�koh t�ôô�w ~fgrihpoph j�p ~fx�lp�ijm f{ �ipoko~� i~kl x fhplr ig î�i~� j�p {f~nrir fg j�p okghfx p}p~jr kgh gfj fg x koqigkl�xfhpl �kokx pjpor � ��pm opjok~ph j�p u�ki�p �g{fo�xkjifg eoijpoifg ðr hpoiskjifg kr j�p xfhpl�rplp~jifg onlp x igix i�igq �nll�k~���pi�lpo hir~op�kg~m{ofx j�p ñjonpò xfhpl ì {fo �fj� j�p xk�ixnx li�pli�ffh prjix kjfo kgh j�p oprjoi~jph� li�pli�ffhprjix kjfo f{ j�p skoikg~p ~fx�fgpgjr � �fo �knrrikg okghfx p}p~jr xfhplr î ij� �gfîg skoikg~p

��

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�iqnop � � ï irjfqokx r f{ rkx�lpr f{ tkw ( �� ì kgh t�w lfq t( �

� w ì �k~��jokgr{fox ph {ofx hokî r {ofxk �kj �oifo fg � ì �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm hkjk �

~fx�fgpgjr ì j�p ~fx�lp� ijm �pgkljm ir p�k~jlm ïfhqpr � �koqpgj ðr t�ôô �w � y î�pg j�p skoikg~p~fx�fgpgjr kop ng�gfîg ì � �kr k rx kll� rkx�lp kh�nrjxpgj ì kr hfpr j�p nrnkl u �e � =p ~fg� p~jnopj�kj {fo qpgpokli�ph ligpko x i�ph xfhplr ì j�ir ~fghijifgkl u �e îfnlh ig~lnhp k ~fx�lp�ijm �pgkljmj�kj kj îforj k��of�ix kjpr j�p �oprpgj �k�po ðr � �

efx�igph î ij� fj�po hikqgfrji~ jfflr ì � xkm �ksp kgfj�po oflp ig xfhpl p��lfokjifg kghrplp~jifg � �fo p�kx�lp ì j�p �opkrj ~kg~po lkjp�hpjp~jifg hkjk r�fîph rn�rjkgjikl rx ffj�igq trx kll� w ì �nj �iq� �frjpoifo rxffj�igq f{ okghfx p}p~jr x km fglm ighi~kjp j�kj j�p �oifo ir fspolmig{fox kjisp � u lrf ì i{ hpqoppr f{ {opphfx hf gfj ig~opkrp î�pg k xfhpl î ij� fgp rpj f{ okghfxp}p~jr ir knqx pgjph î ij� k rp~fgh rpj ì j�ir x km rnqqprj j�kj fgp f{ j�p rpjr ir gfj gpphph ��no hpoiskjifg oplipr fg j�p gfox kl k��of� ix kjifg ì î�i~� � � ksfihr � �g �p~jifg � ðr rixnlkjifgrjnhipr kgh �p~jifg < �� ðr lkjp hpjp~jifg p�kx�lp ì � îkr opkrfgk�lm ~lfrp jf � � ì �nj j�pop îkr lprrkqoppx pgj ig �p~jifg < �� ðr �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm p�kx�lp � = �pop � � kgh � hirkqopph ì � � îkr lkoqpo ìk��kopgjlm � p~knrp ij ir k}p~jph �m ��pgfx pgk li�p �ffo ëj ì î�i~� kop p�jokgpfnr jf j�p ëjjphxfhpl ðr ~fx�lp� ijm� �g qpgpokl ì lkoqpo ~fngjr ig �firrfg fo �igfx ikl xfhplr r�fnlh lpkh jf k �pjjpogfox kl k��of� ix kjifg ì �pg~p � pjjpo kqoppx pgj � �g kgm pspgj ì � ðr of�nrjgprr jf igk~~nok~m ig j�pgfox kl k��of� ix kjifg op)niopr {noj�po rjnhm�

efx�njigq � op)niopr r�p~ië~kjifg f{ ' �� ì j�p poofo skoikg~p {fo f�rposkjifg fo ~lnrjpo " � =p~fgrihpoph jîf îkmr jf r� p~i{m ' �� � j�p p�k~j ' �� tig j�p )nkrip�k~j x pj�fhw ì ' �� �pigq k {ng~jifgf{ j�p ng�gfîg ligpko �ophi~jfo � � ì kgh j�p k��of� ix kjp ' �� ì k {ng~jifg f{ �� � ì j�p � �| f{ � � ì kghj�nr k {ng~jifg f{ j�p hkjk � ��prp jîf r�p~ië~kjifgr qksp spom rix ilko oprn ljr ig kll p�kx�lprî�pop �fj� îpop ~fx�njph t�k�lpr � ì �w � ��p k��of� ix kjp ' �� �kr j�p khskgjkqp f{ rix�li~ijm �njhfpr gfj p� irj {fo rfx p xfhplr tp �q �ì j�p ípogfnlliw kgh rfx p hkjkrpjr ì p �q �ì �pof f�rposkjifgr {fok �firrfg xfhpl ì �pof fo ! � f�rposkjifgr {fo k �igfx ikl x fhpl ì fo x irrigq sklnpr ig pij�po xfhpl ���ir lkjjpo hi� ~n ljm ~kg �p ksfihph �m nrigq j�p p�k~j ' �� p�~ln risplm kj j�p �oi~p f{ rfxp p�jok~fx�lp� ijm� u ljpogkjisplmì j�p k��of� ix kjp ' �� ~kg �p nrph î ij� k ñ�kj~�ò fo opx phm {fo igrjkg~prî�pop j�p k��of� ix kjifg {kilr � =p �ksp p��lfoph j�opp �frri� lp opx phipr � ��p ëorj ir `^ c \�� khhk rx kll �frijisp gnx�po � jf pspom f�rposkjifg �� ì kgh ig j�p �igfx ikl ~krp khh �� jf pspom ! � ���ir rflspr j�p �of�lpx kj j�p ~frj f{ kg ko�ijokom kh�nrjx pgj jf j�p hkjk � t��ir ir �of�k�lmill�khsirph ig �p~jifg � �� ðr ípogfnlli ~krp ì � p~knrp pspom f�rposkjifg îfnlh �p rn�rjkgjikllm kljpoph�m � �w �g k rxkll ig ijikl p��lfokjifg ì � �pjîppg ô �ô � kgh ô �� qksp opkrfgk�lp oprnljr {fo �fj�

��

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�iqnop < � �nkgjilp�)nkgjilp t�� w �lfjr î�pg � ir rkx�lph {ofx � t� � �<ôw � tkw gfox kl �lfj {fo lfq t( �� w y t� w qkxxk �lfj {fo ��( �

� y t~w lfq�qkxxk �lfj {fo ��( �� � �g pk~� �kgpl ì j�p rflih ligp

ighi~kjpr î�pop j�p �foi�fgjkl kgh spoji~kl k�pr kop p)nkl ì ighi~kjigq kqoppx pgj � pjîppg j�p rkx�lp)nkgjilpr kgh j�p )nkgjilpr f{ j�p ~fx�koirfg hpgrijm�

�firrfg kgh �igfx ikl hkjk ì �nj ig qpgpokl k ñqffhò � ~fnlh hp�pgh fg j�p hkjkrpj fo xfhpl � ��prp~fgh kgh j� ioh opx phipr igsflsp onggigq k �oplix igkom �pjof�flir�ïkrjigqr klqfoij�x {fo k rx kllgnx�po f{ ijpokjifgr nrigq �oifo hirjoi�njifgr j�kj {fo~p k rx kll kxfngj f{ rx ffj�igq fg j�p � � t���koqpgj ì ïfhqpr � ekolig ì �ôôô ì �p~jifg < w � ��p oprn ljigq �frjpoifo x pkgr {fo � � xkm �p rnijk� lpkojië~ikl fnj~fx pr ��� {fo j�p )nkhokji~ k��of� ix kjifg jf j�p lfq� li�pli�ffh ì fo j�p �frjpoifo x pkgkgh skoikg~p f{ j�p � � xkm �p nrph {fo � � kgh ' �� ì opr�p~jisplm� ïfîpspo ì ij ir gfj f�sifnr �fî jfr�p~i{m j�p lfî �r�oig�kqp �oplix igkom ong � �gijikl oprn ljr t�n ì �ôô�w ighi~kjp j�kj kll j�opp opx phiprîfo� k�fnj p)nkllm îpll {fo j�p ~krpr ~fgrihpoph ì î ij� j�p `^ c \� xpj�fh �ksigq j�p khskgjkqpf{ rix�li~ijm� �fo j�p lfî �r�oig�kqp �oplix igkom ong ì k qpgpokllm k��li~k� lp sklnp {fo ( � x km �p�frri�lp {fo �igfx ikl xfhplr � p~knrp j�p lfqij r~klp f}por k ngisporkl hpëgijifg f{ lkoqp kgh rx kllsklnpr trkmì �< w � ïfîpspo ì j� ir x km gfj �p �frri�lp {fo �firrfg xfhplr �

uxfgq �opsifnrlm�op�fojph �oifor {fo � ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr ì fnor t�p~jifg �w ir ~lfrprj jf j�pk��of� ix kjp ngi{fox �r�oig�kqp �oifo f{ �kjkok� kg � � krr t�ôôôw � ïfhqpr � �koqpgj t�ôô �ì �p~jifg�w r�fîph j�kj {fo kj lpkrj jîf �knrrikg xfhplr tj�p �klkg~ph fgp�îkm okghfx �p}p~jr xfhpl kghrxffj�ph u� �óuw ì k ngi{fox �oifo fg � ir ihpgji~kl jf j�p ngi{fox r�oig�kqp �oifo tzkgiplr ì ����w ���p hi� ~n ljm ig p�jpghigq j�p ngi{fox �r�oig�kqp �oifo jf ~lnrjpoph qpgpokli�ph ligpko xfhplr irj�kj pk~� ~ln rjpo ðr r�oig�kqp {k~jfo ir k {ng~jifg f{ j�p ~lnrjpo ðr x pkg ì rf j�p ~lnrjpor �ksp hi}popgjr�oig�kqp {k~jfor j�kj kop kll {ng~jifgr f{ k rigqlp � pjîppg�~ln rjpo skoikg~p � �kjkok� kg � � krrt�ôôôw îfo� kofngh j� ir �m �njjigq k �kj �oifo fg k �igh f{ kspokqp r�oig�kqp {k~jfo � �� p~ië ~kllmìj�pm ~fx�njp kg kspokqp tfspo ~lnrjporw f{ j�p ~lnrjpo�r� p~ië~ ig{fox kjifg x kjoi� ì kgh nrp j�kjjf hpëgp kg kspokqp r�oig�kqp {k~jfo tj�pio p)nkjifg t�ww ì fg î�i~� j�pm �nj k �kj �oifo � ��p�oifo igjofhn~ph ig �p~jifg � ir rix ilko ì �nj hi}por ig jîf îkmr � � iorj ì j�p ���krph �oifo �oprposprskoikjifg ig ~lnrjpo�r�p~ië~ r�oig�kqp {k~jfor igrjpkh f{ nrigq kg kspokqp r�oig�kqp {k~jfo � �j hfprrf �m xk�igq kg k��of� ix kjifg î ij�ig pk~� ~ln rjpo ì igrjpkh f{ � kjkok� kg � � krr ðr � pjîppg�~lnrjpok��of� ix kjifg � �p~fgh ì j�p ���krph �oifo ir �kj fg j�p jfjkl hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ig j�p x pkgrjon~jnop ì i �p �ì j�p rnx k~ofrr ~ln rjpor f{ � x ignr j�p ~lnrjpo r�oig�kqp {k~jfo ì igrjpkh f{ � pigq�kj fg j�p kspokqp r�oig�kqp {k~jfo � �g j�p �knrrikg ~krpr xpgjifgph k�fsp ì j�prp hi}popg~pr

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hirk��pko y ij ir ng~lpko �fî j�pm �lkm fnj ig xfop ~fx�lp� ~krpr � �oprnx k�lm j�p hir~op�kg~mîfnlh �p qopkjprj î�pg ~lnrjpo�r�p~ië~ r�oig�kqp {k~jfor skom qopkjlm���p ���krph �oifo hp�pghr fg j�p hkjkrpj jf rfx p p�jpgj � �g j�p gfoxkl�poofor ~krp tïfhqpr ��koqpgj ì �ôô �w ì � ir k {ng~jifg f{ j�p ng�gfîgr ig j�p skoikg~p rjon~jnop kgh qispg j�frp ng�gfîgrij hp� pghr fg j�p hkjk fglm j�ofnq� j�p rkx�lp ri�p ì p �q �ì j�p gnx�po f{ ~lnrjpor kgh pk~� ~ln rjpo ðrrkx�lp ri�p � ��nr ì k �oifo fg � ighn~pr k �oifo fg j�p ng�gfîgr ig j�p skoikg~p rjon~jnop j�kjhp�pghr fg j�p hkjk fglm j�ofnq� j�p rkx�lp ri�p � ��ir rkx p hp�pghpg~p ir �oprpgj ig î ihplm�k~~p�jph op{popg~p �oifor rn~� kr ípoqpo�ípogkohf �oifor kgh �p}opmr �oifor ì kgh ig j�p ngi{foxr�oig�kqp �oifo tzkgiplr ì ����w ì î�i~� ir ihpgji~kl jf k �kj �oifo fg � ig rfx p gfox kl�gfoxkl r�p~ikl~krpr � ugklfqfnrlmì ig j�p �oprpgj �k�po ì klj�fnq� j�p xk~�igpom {fo hpëgigq � ig~lnhpr j�p �rpnhf�hkjk Ù ì � ðr hpëgijifg ir gfj k {ng~jifg f{ Ù � �g �p~jifg � ì îp nrph j�p k��of� ix kjp r� p~ië~kjifgf{ ' �� ì k {ng~jifg f{ j�p hkjk ì jf hpëgp � ì rf � îkr k {ng~jifg f{ j�p hkjk jf k qopkjpo p�jpgj j�kgig j�p gfox kl�gfox kl ~krp � ïfîpspo ì j�ir ir gfj ig�popgj ig � lk~igq k �oifo fg � jf ighn~p k �oifofg ng�gfîg skoikg~pr � =p ~fn lh ksfih j�ir hi� ~nljm �m nrigq j�p )nkrip�k~j r� p~ië~kjifg {fo ' �� ��p~jifg � îkr igjpghph kr k �off{ f{ �oig~i�lp kgh jf ighi~kjp �fî okhi~kllm hi}popgj j�p oprn ljigq�oifo ir {ofx j�p f{j�nrph �kxxk trxkll ìrx kllw �oifo � �fo j�kj xfhprj �no�frp ì îp �nhqp j�kj ij irgfj jff f�gf�ifnr jf nrp j�p k��of� ix kjp r� p~ië ~kjifg f{ ' �� kr k ñhfîg�kmxpgjò fg j�p �kohpo�of�lpx f{ nrigq j�p )nkrip�k~j r� p~ië ~kjifg �

� igkllmì hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ~kg �p k��liph jf xfop ~fx�li~kjph � ipoko~�i~kl xfhplr ì p �q �ì î ij�gfg�hikqfgkl 6 fo � ì fo xfop j�kg jîf lpsplr � ïfhqpr t����w kgh �pp � � plhpo t����w rnqqprj kgf�sifnr rjkojigq �figj ì nrigq j�p op{foxnlkjph xfhpl t�w kgh t��w î ij� gfg�hikqfgkl �� t� w � ��fo xfhplr î ij� jîf fo xfop jm� pr f{ rx ffj� igq ì kr ig �p~jifg < �� ì � ir gfj gp~prrkoilm k fgp�jf�fgp{ng~jifg f{ j�p skoikg~pr j�kj ~fgjofl rx ffj� igq ì rf ij ir gfj ~lpko �fî jf nrp k �oifo fg � jf ighn~pk {nllm�r� p~iëph �oifo fg j�frp skoikg~pr � ��prp kop �nrj k {pî �frri�ilijipr {fo {noj�po igsprjiqkjifg �� ���äèã� â è�æã� ãä� � �çæ �êå ãç ä �� �������� �� ��a� � Y` ��c � ��^Z ^\��\] ��_ �� ^`�` ��Y���\a � �����p hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ~kg �p ~fx�njph �m ~fgrjon~jigq hkjk ~krpr kgh ~fgrjokigj ~krpr kr igp)nkjifg t��w �

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t��p � � � �lf ~� f{ ihpgjijm x kjoi~pr koirpr {ofx �� �6 ig t� w �w u r � p{fop ì � ir k {ng~jifg f{ j�phpriqg x kjoi� � kgh j�p ng�gfîgr ' �� �( �� kgh ' �� �( �

� ì î�i~� ~fgjofl rxffj�igq j�ofnq� j�p r�kjiklkgh �pjpofqpgpijm ~fgrjokigjr ì opr� p~jisplm� �fo gfoxkl�poofo xfhplr ì op~pgj ng�n�lir�ph îfo�r�fî r �fî jf hisihp � igjf hpqoppr f{ {opphfx {fo r�kjikl ~lnrjpoigq kgh hpqoppr f{ {opphfx {fo�pjpofqpgpijmì �nj j�ir �kr gfj mpj � ppg p�jpghph jf j�p �oprpgj ~krp ��êäç ��è����äå��p ëorj kgh j�ioh knj�for îpop rn��fojph ig �koj �m � kjifgkl �grjijnjpr f{ ïpklj� qokgj ��vô��eu������ô �� ��p knj�for j�kg� �of{ � �f�g efggpjj {fo nrp f{ hkjk {ofx j�p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhmt� kjifgkl ïpkoj ì �ngq ì kgh ílffh �grjijnjp ~fgjok~j gnx�po � � ��ïv � <�ôô�w ì kgh zo � �kllmínr��fnrp {fo nrp f{ hkjk {ofx j�p � iggprfjk ekg~po �nospillkg~p �mrjpx �

��

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æ���æ�äê�� � v � ugj�fgirpg ì � � | � efggpjj ì � � �� � ilpmì � � z � u ljfrp ì = � e � íkilpmì � � u � ínirj ì = � u �

efgîkm �o �ì �� � � |goiq�j ì v � | � � kggpo ì �� � ðïkok ì � � v � �îpgr ì �� z � �~kg lfg ì z � ���kr��ig � v � u � = irp t���< w � |}p~jr f{ rxf�igq igjpospgjifg kgh j�p nrp f{ kg ig�klphkgji~�fligpoqi~ �ofg~�fhilkjfo fg j�p okjp f{ hp~ligp f{ �|ó �� ��p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm��\�]a` � \� �c Y �� Y]��`a � Y^��` � � __\��`��\aì �>� ì �<�>� ��ô� �

� � íprkq ì � � e � �fo� � u � �flli �p t��� �w � íkmprikg ix kqp oprjfokjifg ì î ij� jîf k��li~kjifgr igr�kjikl rjkjirji~r tî ij� hir~nrrifg w � �aa` �_ \� �c Y �a_���� �Y \� � �`��_���` � � `�c Y� `���_ì <� ì���� �� � � � íprj ì � � u � =kllpo ì u � ��fx kr ì | � � � efglfg � v � u � uogflh t���� w � íkmprikg xfhplr{fo r�kjikllm ~fooplkjph hirpkrpr kgh p��frnop hkjk � �g `ZY_ �`a � �`��_���_ �ì phr � � � � �ípogkohf ì � � � � ípoqpo ì u � �� zkî ih � u � � � � � �x ij� ì ��{foh � ��{foh �gisporijm �oprr ì�� �� ��� �� � | � íoprlfî � z � � � elkmjfg t����w � u��of� ix kjp ig{popg~p ig qpgpokli�ph ligpko x i�ph xfhplr ��\�]a` � \� �c Y �� Y]��`a � �`��_���`� � __\��`��\aì �� ì ���� �

í � �� ekolig � � � u � �fnir t�ôôôw � `ZY_ `a^ ��b �]��`� `ZY_ � Y�c \^_ � \] � `�` �a`�Z_�_ì �ghph � íf~k vkjfg ì �� � e�k�xkg kgh ïkll�eve �oprr �

� � eplpn� ì e � �� vf�poj � z � � � � ijjpoigqjfg t�ôô�w � zpsikg~p ig{fox kjifg ~oijpoik {fo x irrigqhkjk xfhplr � �f k��pko tî ij� hir~nrrifg w `ZY_ �`a �a` �Z_ �_�

v � e�oirjpgrpg � t����w � � �`aY �a_[ Y]_ �\ �\�b �Y� ��Y_��\a_ d �c Y �c Y\]Z \� � �aY`] � \^Y�_ì�gh ph � � pî �fo� � ��oigqpo �

� � zkgiplr t����w � u �oifo {fo j�p skoikg~p ig �ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr ìò �`a`^�`a �\�]a`� \� � �`��_���_ì�> ì ��>� �>� �

u � �plx kg ì � � í � ekolig ì ï � � � �jpog � z � í � vn�ig t�ôô< w � `ZY_ �`a � `�` �a` �Z_ �_ì �gh ph �íf~k vkjfg ì �� � e�k�x kg kgh ïkll�eve �oprr �

� � � � ïfhqpr t���� w � �fx p klqp�ok kgh qpfx pjom {fo �ipoko~�i~kl x fhplr ì k��liph jf hikqgfrji~r ��\�]a` � \� �c Y � \Z`� � �`��_���` � �\��Y�Z� �Y]�Y_ ì �ô ì <�>� ��� �

� � � � ïfhqpr ì í � �� ekolig � � � �kg t�ôô�w � �g j�p �op~irifg f{ j�p ~fghijifgkllm knjfopqoprrisp�oifo ig r�kjikl x fhplr � �\� Y�]��_ì �� ì � ������ �

� � � � ïfhqpr � z � � � �koqpgj t�ôô �w � efngjigq hpqoppr f{ {opphfx ig �ipoko~�i~kl kgh fj�pooi~�lm��kokxpjpoirph xfhplr � �\� Y�]� `ì �� ì ��>��>� �

� � �pp � � � u � �plhpo t����w � ï ipoko~�i~kl qpgpokli�ph ligpko xfhplr tî ij� hir~nrrifg w � �\�]a`�\� �c Y � \Z` � � �`��_���` � �\��Y�Z� �Y]�Y_ ì �� ì � ����>� �

ï � �n t�ôô�w � zpqoppr f{ {opphfx kgh �fnghkom kgklmrir {fo qpgpokli�ph ligpko �ipoko~�i~kl xfhplr ��g�n�lir�ph ��z hirrpojkjifg ì z isirifg f{ í ifrjkjirji~r ì �gisporijm f{ � iggprfjk �

v � � kjkok� kg � v � | � � krr t�ôôôw � vp{popg~p íkmprikg x pj�fhr {fo qpgpokli�ph ligpko x i�phxfhplr � �\�]a` � \� �c Y �� Y]��`a � �`��_���`� � __\��`��\a� �� ì ��>���> �

� � e � �ig�ipof � z � � � íkjpr t�ôôôw � � �� Y^�� Y�� � \^Y�_ �a � `a^ � b ��_� � pî �fo� � ��oigqpo �

��

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z � � � �koqpgj ì � � � � ïfhqpr � í � �� ekolig t�ôôôw � �jon~jnoph �ko�fs ~�kig �fgjp ekolf � �\�]a`�\� �\�b � �`��\a`� `a^ �]`b c ��`� � �`��_���_ì � ì � �>� ��< �

� � v � �pkolp ì � � ekrpllk � e � | � � ~enllf ~� t����w � �`]�`a�Y �\�b \aYa �_� = ilpm � �pî �fo�z � � � ��ipqpl�kljpo ì � � � � íprj ì í � �� ekolig � u � skg hpo � ighp t�ôô�w � íkmprikg x pkrnopr f{

xfhpl ~fx�lp� ijm kgh ëj tî ij� hir~nrrifg w � �\�]a`� \� �c Y � \Z`� � �`��_���` � �\��Y�Z� � Y]�Y_ ì �< ì ������� �

� � ókihk � � � í lkg~�koh t�ôô�w � efghijifgkl u�ki�p ig{fox kjifg {fo x i�ph�p}p~jr xfhplr � �\� Y�]� `ì �� ì �����>ô �

e � � � ófligr�m � u � | � vk{jpom t�ôôôw � íkmprikg ig{fox kjifg ~oijpoifg {fo ~pgrfoph rnosisklxfhplr � �\� Y�]��_ì �� ì ���� ��� �

� � = �ijjk�po t����w � efxxpgj fg ïfhqpr t����w � �\�]a`� \� �c Y � \Z`� � �`��_���`� �\��Y�Z� � Y]�Y_ ì �ô ì ��� �

� Y�Y��Y^ � � ���\�Y] ���� ïkflkg �� � ���� ���� ���� ��Yb �Y^ ��� ]�_�\ ��ZY]_ � �� ��� �\�b `aZ

�` � ��a�� \]^� �\aaY����� ����� �� ���

�kxpr � � ï �z�|� � ���� �� �� �� �� ��� �� �_ �\a \� �\_�`��_���_� � �c \\� \� � ����� � Y`��c

�a ��Y]_ ��Z \� � �aaY_\�`� �aaY`b \ ��_� � �aaY_\�`

��� ��� ���íokhlpm �� euv��� � ����� �� �� �� ��

� �� �_ �\a \� �\_�`��_���_� � �c \\� \� � ����� � Y`��c�a ��Y]_ ��Z \� � �aaY_\�`� �aaY`b \ ��_� � �aaY_\�`

��� ��� ���

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�  § ¡�§� Å � � �

� � � � � � � � � �Æ � � �Æ � � �� � Æ � � � � � � Æ � � � � � � Æ

� �� �Å ����� �ÅÅ�� Å�Å �� ���Å� ���� ��� �� ��� ���Å� � �� ��� �� � � Æ�Æ ���� ÅÅ� �� ��Æ �Æ��� �� ��� � � �� �� ��Å � Å Å�� Å� � ��� ���Å� Å�� �� �� ÅÆ �� �Æ��Å� Å� �� ��� ���� �Å�� ���Æ � ÅÅÅ�� ��� � � �Å�� ÅÅ �� Å�Æ�� � �� ���Å Å� Å�Æ Å���Æ � Å� Å��� ÅÅ � �� � ��� ���� � � � ��Å�Å ���� Å��� Å� Å�� �ÅÅ�Æ ���Æ� ÅÅ�� � � ��Æ�� ����� ���� Å� � � � � ÅÅ���Æ �� �� ��� ��ÆÆ ÅÆÅ� ÅÅ� �� ��Å ���Æ� Å��Æ ��ÅÆ �Å �� ��� � ���� � ÅÅ

�k�lp �� ��p ësp rixnlkjph �firrfg hkjk rpjr �

�frjpoifo rnxxkoipr {fo �zkjk rpj jonp � � � ' �� xpkg � � xphikg �> �� �> �� �> �< u �� �� �< �� �> �ô �� ��� �> �� �� �� �> �� �� ��� �� �� �� �� u �� �< �� �ô �� �< �� �>� �� �< �� �ô �� �< �� �>� �� ���� �ô �ô u �� ���� �� ���� �� ���� �� ����� �� ���� �� ���� �� ���� �� ����< �� ���� � �ô ��ô u �� ����� �� ����� �� ����� �� ������ �� ����� �� ����� �� ����� �� ������ ��ô > �� u � �� � �< � �ô �� ��� � �� � �< � �� �� ��

�k�lp � � �frjpoifo rnxxkoipr f{ � {fo �k�lp �ðr rixnlkjph �firrfg hkjk ì nghpo j�p rix�lp okghfxp}p~jr xfhpl � �g j�p ~flnxg lk� plph ñ' �� ò ì ñuò ighi~kjpr oprnljr nrigq j�p k��of� ix kjp x pj�fhî ij� ' �� � �� ��� ì î�ilp ñ�ò ighi~kjpr oprnljr nrigq j�p )nkrip�k~j x pj�fh î ij� ' �� � ���� �

��

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jonp ~fx�lp� ijm~fskoikg~p x pkrnop x pkg � � �ô �> � íikr � �|� 6 � � �� �� �� �< �� �> <� �� ��� �� �<

� �frjpoifo xpkg �� �� �� �� �� �� <� �� ô �< � ��ô� �frjpoifo xphikg �� �� �� �� �� �� <� �� ô �� �� ��� � � � �� �� <� �< ���> � ��ô � �� �> �>� �frjpoifo xpkg �ô �� <� �ô �ô �� �� �� ô �� �ô ��� �frjpoifo xphikg �ô �< < ��< �ô �� �� �� ô �< ����� � � � �ôô �� �� �� �ô ��ô ��ô �< �ô �� �� ��� �frjpoifo xpkg �� �> �� �< �ôô �� �ô� �� � ��� �� �>� �frjpoifo xphikg �� �� �� �ô �ôô �ô �ô� �� � ��� �� �ô� � � � �ô� �< �� �� �ô� �< ��� �> < �� <� ��� �frjpoifo xpkg �ô< �� �� �� �ô< �� ��� �� � �� �< ��� �frjpoifo xphikg �ô< �� �� �< �ô< �� ��� �� � �� �< ���k�lp � � �nxxkom rjkjirji~r {fo � � kgh jîf �frjpoifo prjix kjpr tx pkg kgh xphikgw f{ � ì rixnlkjph

ípogfnlli hkjkrpjr nrigq {fno hi}popgj ~fskoikg~p rjon~jnopr {fo j�p okghfx p}p~jr �

�frjpoifo rnxxkoipr {fo �xfhplr z �e � � xpkg � � �ô �> ��nll xfhpl ���� �� ��� �> ��ô �> �� ��� ��ô �� � �����fhpl � ���� �� �ô< �� �ô ��� �< �> �ô ��� �ô� �<�fhpl � ��<> �� � �� � �ô � �ô � �ô � �ô�fhpl � ���< �� ��� �� �� ��� ��� �ô �� ��> �ô> ���k�lp < � �frjpoifo f{ � {fo j�p �ngq ïpklj� �jnhm hkjk nghpo skoifnr xfhplr ì hpoisph {ofx j�p

�frjpoifo f{ t( �� � ( �� w nrigq j�p )nkrip�k~j x pj�fh {fo r� p~i{m igq ' ��� �

rnxxkoipr {fo �� � ' �� �pkg � � �phikg �> ��� �� u �� �� > �� �� �� �> ��� �� �� > �� �� �� �> ���k�lp � � �frjpoifo f{ � {fo j�p � iggprfjk �opkrj ~kg~po lkjp hpjp~jifg hkjk nghpo j�p r�kjikl

~lnrjpoigq �lnr �pjpofqpgpijm xfhpl ì hpoisph {ofx j�p �frjpoifo f{ t( �� � ( �� w � �g j�p ~flnxg lk� plph' �� ì ñuò ighi~kjpr oprnljr nrigq j�p k��of�ix kjp x pj�fh î ij� ' �� � �� �� � ì î�ilp ñ�ò ighi~kjpr oprnljr

nrigq j�p )nkrip�k~j x pj�fh î ij� ' �� � ��� � �

��

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rnxxkoipr {fo ��oifo fg ( �� ì �� t� ì � w � � xpkg � � �ô �> �

r�opkh fnj �oifo �ô� �> ���� �� ��� �<ô �ôtô ��ìô �ô �w �frjpoifo �ô� �� �ô ��� � ��� �ô ��< ��ô �<lfî sklnpr �oifo �� �� � �ô ���� �> ��t�ô ì ô ��w �frjpoifo �> �� �� �� �> �� �� �< �ô� ��

�iq� sklnpr �oifo ��ô �> ��� �� ��� �� ��� ��t�ì �ôw �frjpoifo �ô� �� �ô� �� �ôô �� �ô� �� ����>

~fgspgjifgkl �oifo ��< �� �� �< �<ô �ô �<ô �ôtô �ô �ìô �ô �w �frjpoifo �ô� �� �ô ��� �< �� �ô ��� �ô� ���k�lp � � �plp~jph �oifor fg � kgh ~foopr�fghigq �frjpoifor nghpo �fhpl � {fo j�p �ngq ïpklj�

�jnhm hkjk nrigq j�p k��of�ix kjp x pj�fh {fo r�p~i{m igq ' ��� �

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