9702 p1 phases_of_matter_all_completed

Compiled and rearranged by Sajit

Chandra Shakya

9702/1/M/J/02

20 For a given liquid at atmospheric pressure, which process can occur at any temperature?

A boiling

B evaporation

C melting

D solidification

9702/1/M/J/02

21 A mass of a liquid of density ρ is thoroughly mixed with an equal mass of another liquid of density2ρ. No change of the total volume occurs.

What is the density of the liquid mixture?

A ρ B ρ C ρ D 3ρ5_3

3_2

4_3

9702/1/O/N/02

20 Pollen grains are suspended in a liquid and are illuminated strongly. When observed under amicroscope they are seen to be in continuous random motion.

What is the reason for this?

A convection currents in the liquid

B evaporation of the liquid

C molecules of the liquid colliding with the pollen grains

D pollen grains colliding with each other

9702/1/O/N/02

21 At a depth of 20 cm in a liquid of density 1800 kg m–3, the pressure due to the liquid is p.

Another liquid has a density of 1200 kg m–3.

What is the pressure due to this liquid at a depth of 60 cm?

A B C 2p D 3p

22 Which line in the table gives approximate ratios of density and molecular spacing for a substancein its solid, liquid and gas phases?

3p––2

p–2

density molecular spacing

solid : liquid : gas solid : liquid : gas

A 1000 : 1000 : 1 1 : 1 : 10

B 1000 : 100 : 1 1 : 10 : 1000

C 1000 : 1000 : 1 1 : 1 : 1000

D 1000 : 100 : 1 1 : 10 : 100

9702/1/O/N/02


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/M/J/03

20 A child drinks a liquid of density ρ through a vertical straw.

Atmospheric pressure is p0 and the child is capable of lowering the pressure at the top of the strawby 10%. The acceleration of free fall is g.

What is the maximum length of straw that would enable the child to drink the liquid?

A B C D 10p0ρg

p0ρg

9p010ρg

p010ρg

9702/01/O/N/03

19 The graph shows how the pressure exerted by a liquid varies with depth below the surface.

What is the density of the liquid?

A 600 kg m–3 B 760 kg m–3 C 5900 kg m–3 D 7500 kg m–3

20 In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, smoke particles in a container are illuminated by a strong light source and observed through a microscope.

The particles are seen as small specks of light that are in motion.

What causes this motion?

A collisions between the smoke particles and air molecules

B collisions between the smoke particles and the walls of the container

C convection currents within the air as it is warmed by the light source

D kinetic energy gained by the smoke particles on absorption of light

00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

depth/m

pressure/Pa

9702/01/O/N/03


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/M/J/04

19 Comparing the properties of solids, liquids and gases, which option is correct?

property solids liquids gases

A ordering of molecules high not so high random

B spacing of molecules close far far

C translation of molecules no no yes

D vibration of molecules no yes yes

20 Particles of dust, suspended in water, are viewed through a microscope. The particles can be

seen to move irregularly.

This movement is due to

A convection currents in the water.

B evaporation of the water near the dust particles.

C gravitational forces acting on the particles of dust.

D water molecules hitting the dust particles in a random way.

21 Two solid substances P and Q have atoms of mass MP and MQ respectively. They have NP and

NQ atoms per unit volume.

It is found by experiment that the density of P is greater than that of Q.

Which of the following deductions from this experiment must be correct?

A MP > MQ

B NP > NQ

C MPNP > MQNQ

D

P

P

N

M

>

Q

Q

N

M

9702/01/M/J/04

9702/01/M/J/04

9702/01/O/N/04

19 Which statement applies to the boiling but not to the evaporation of a liquid?

A All the bonds between molecules in the liquid are broken.

B At normal atmospheric pressure, the process occurs at one temperature only.

C Energy must be provided for the process to happen.

D The separation of the molecules increases greatly.


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/O/N/04

20 The diagram shows two liquids, labelled P and Q, which do not mix. The liquids are in equilibrium

in an open U-tube.

x

x

x

P

Q

What is the ratio

Q ofdensity

P ofdensity ?

A

2

1

B

3

2

C

2

3

D 2

21 Which two substances are normally both crystalline?

A copper and diamond

B copper and glass

C diamond and glass

D diamond and rubber

9702/01/O/N/04

9702/01/M/J/05

18 The hydrostatic pressure p at a depth h in a liquid of density ρ is given by the formula p = hρg.

Which equation, or principle of physics, is used in the derivation of this formula?

A density = mass ÷ volume

B potential energy = mgh

C atmospheric pressure decreases with height

D density increases with depth

9702/01/O/N/05

17 Why does the pressure increase when a sealed container of gas is heated?

A The gas molecules collide more often with each other.

B The gas molecules expand when they are heated.

C The gas molecules travel faster and hit the walls of the container more often.

D There are more gas molecules present to collide with the walls of the container.


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/M/J/05

19 Pollen grains are suspended in a liquid and are illuminated strongly. When observed under a

microscope they are seen to be in continuous random motion.






9702/01/O/N/05

18 Liquids X and Y are stored in large open tanks. Liquids X and Y have densities of 800 kg m–3

and

1200kg m–3

respectively.

At what depths are the pressures equal?

depth in liquid X depth in liquid Y

A 8 m 12m

B 10 m 10m

C 15 m 10m

D 18 m 8 m

19 When white sugar granules are heated, they melt. When the melt is cooled quickly, a brittle solid

form of toffee is produced.

How does the structure of the sugar change?

A amorphous to polymeric

B crystalline to amorphous

C crystalline to polymeric

D polymeric to amorphous

9702/01/O/N/05

9702/01/M/J/06

19 Below are four short paragraphs describing the molecules in a beaker of water at 50o

C.

Which paragraph correctly describes the molecules?

A The molecules all travel at the same speed. This speed is not large enough for any of the

molecules to leave the surface of the water. There are attractive forces between the

molecules.

B The molecules have a range of speeds. Some molecules travel sufficiently fast to leave the

surface of the water. There are no forces between the molecules.

C The molecules have a range of speeds. Some molecules travel sufficiently fast to leave the

surface of the water. There are attractive forces between the molecules.

D The molecules have a range of speeds. The fastest molecules are unable to leave the



Chandra Shakya

9702/01/M/J/06

20 In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, smoke particles in a container are illuminated

by a strong light source and observed through a microscope.


What causes the Brownian motion?





9702/01/O/N/06

19 Which statement defines the density of a substance?

A the force per unit area acting on the substance

B the increase in length per unit length of the substance

C the mass per unit volume of the substance

D the work done per unit time by the substance

20 The table summarises some properties of evaporation.

Which row of the table is correct?

involves a change in state

from liquid to vapour

occurs at a fixed

temperature

involves a reduction in the average

kinetic energy of the remaining

atoms

A true true true

B true false true

C true false false

D false true false

9702/01/O/N/06

9702/01/M/J/07

15 The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103

kg m–3

.

The pressure difference between the bottom and the top of a column of mercury is 100kPa.

What is the height of the column?

A 0.75m B 1.3 m C 7.4 m D 72m


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/O/N/06

21 A bore hole of depth 2000 m contains both oil and water as shown. The pressure at the bottom is

17.5 MPa. The density of the oil is 830 kg m–3

and the density of the water is 1000 kg m–3

.

oil

water

x

2000 m

What is the depth x of the oil?

A 907 m B 1000 m C 1090 m D 1270 m

9702/01/M/J/0716 Which group of statements applies only to the liquid state?

A

atoms separated by many atomic diameters

positions of atoms can change

atoms vibrate

B

atoms separated by many atomic diameters

atoms are in fixed positions

atoms are in continuous, random motion

C

atoms can touch each other

positions of atoms can change

some random motion of atoms

D

atoms can touch each other

atoms are in fixed positions

some random motion of atoms

9702/01/O/N/07

17 Two solid substances P and Q have atoms of mass MP and M

Qrespectively. There are n

P and n

Q

atoms per unit volume respectively.

It is found by experiment that the density of P is greater than that of Q.

Which deduction from this experiment must be correct?

A MP > M

Q

B nP > n

Q

C MPn

P > M

Qn

Q

DP

P

M

n

> Q

Q

M

n


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/O/N/07

18 A submarine carries a pressure meter so that the crew can work out how far they are below the

surface of the sea. At the surface, the meter indicates a pressure of 100 kPa. The density of

seawater is 1030 kg m–3

.

What is the depth below the surface when the meter reads 450 kPa?

A 34.6 m B 44.5 m C 340 m D 437 m

9702/01/M/J/08

20 Why does an ideal gas exert pressure on its container?

A The molecules of the gas collide continually with each other.

B The molecules of the gas collide continually with the walls of the container.

C The molecules of the gas collide inelastically with the walls of the container.

D The weight of the molecules exerts a force on the walls of the container.

21 The formula for hydrostatic pressure is p = ρgh.


A density = mass ÷ volume




9702/01/M/J/08

16 Which row best describes how the molecules move in solids, in liquids and in gases?

solids liquids gases

A fixed in position only vibrate move about freely

B slowly in all directions quickly in all directions very quickly in all directions

C vibrate about mean position vibrate and move about move about freely

D vibrate in one direction only vibrate in two directions vibrate in all three directions

17 Water can exist in three states: solid, liquid or vapour. Transitions between these states can

involve melting, freezing, evaporation or boiling.

Under conditions of constant pressure, which transition can occur over a range of temperatures

rather than at one fixed temperature?

A boiling

B evaporation

C freezing

D melting

9702/01/M/J/09

9702/01/M/J/09


Chandra Shakya

9702/01/M/J/09

18 The diagram shows a flask connected to a U-tube containing liquid. The flask contains air at

atmospheric pressure.

liquid

air

heat

The flask is now gently heated and the liquid level in the right-hand side of the U-tube rises

through a distance h. The density of the liquid is ρ.

What is the increase in pressure of the heated air in the flask?

A hρ B 2

1

hρg C hρg D 2hρg

9702/11/O/N/09

17 The diagram shows an ice cube floating in water.

ice

Both the ice cube and the water are at 0 °C.

Which statement correctly compares the molecular properties of the ice and those of the water?

A The mean inter-molecular potential energies are the same for both the ice molecules and the

water molecules.

B The mean inter-molecular separations are the same for both the ice and the water.

C The mean kinetic energies are the same for both the ice molecules and the water molecules.

D The mean total energies are the same for both the ice molecules and the water molecules.

9702/11/M/J/10

17 Atmospheric pressure at sea level has a value of 100kPa.

The density of sea water is 1020kg m–3

.

At what depth in the sea would the total pressure be 110kPa?

A 1.0 m B 9.8 m C 10 m D 11 m


Chandra Shakya

18 In the kinetic model of gases, what is pressure equal to?

A the number of atoms hitting and rebounding from a surface of the gas container

B the number of atoms hitting and rebounding from a unit area of the gas container surface

C the force exerted by the atoms hitting and rebounding from a surface of the gas container

D the force exerted by the atoms hitting and rebounding from a unit area of the gas container

surface

19 A rectangular metal bar exerts a pressure of 15 200

Pa on the horizontal surface on which it rests.

If the height of the metal bar is 80

cm, what is the density of the metal?

A 190

kg

m–3

B 1900

kg

m–3

C 19 000

kg

m–3

D 190 000

kg

m–3

9702/11/O/N/09

9702/11/O/N/09

9702/11/M/J/10

14 An object, immersed in a liquid in a tank, experiences an upthrust.

What is the physical reason for this upthrust?

A The density of the body differs from that of the liquid.

B The density of the liquid increases with depth.

C The pressure in the liquid increases with depth.

D The value of g in the liquid increases with depth.

9702/11/M/J/10

18 When ice melts, it contracts.

Which row is correct for ice turning into water?

distance between

atoms

density

A decreases decreases

B decreases increases

C increases decreases

D increases increases

9702/12/M/J/10 18 Atmospheric pressure at sea level has a value of 100kPa.

The density of sea water is 1020kg m–3

.

At what depth in the sea would the total pressure be 110kPa?

A 1.0 m B 9.8 m C 10 m D 11 m


Chandra Shakya

9702/12/M/J/10



distance between

atoms

density





9702/12/O/N/09


ice




water molecules.




17 In the kinetic model of gases, what is pressure equal to?

A the number of atoms hitting and rebounding from a surface of the gas container

B the number of atoms hitting and rebounding from a unit area of the gas container surface

C the force exerted by the atoms hitting and rebounding from a surface of the gas container

D the force exerted by the atoms hitting and rebounding from a unit area of the gas container

surface

9702/12/O/N/09


Chandra Shakya

9702/12/O/N/09

18 A rectangular metal bar exerts a pressure of 15 200

Pa on the horizontal surface on which it rests.

If the height of the metal bar is 80

cm, what is the density of the metal?

A 190

kg

m–3

B 1900

kg

m–3

C 19 000

kg

m–3

D 190 000

kg

m–3

9702/11/O/N/10 19 The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean has a depth of about 10km.

Assuming that sea water is incompressible and has a density of about 1020 kg m–3

, what would

be the approximate pressure at that depth?

A 105

Pa B 106

Pa C 107

Pa D 108

Pa

9702/11/O/N/10

20 A student writes some statements about solids, liquids and gases.

1 Solids are rigid because the molecules in a solid vibrate.

2 Liquids flow because the molecules in a liquid are closer than in a gas.

3 Gases are less dense than liquids because the molecules in a gas move randomly.

Which statements are correct?

A 1 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D none of the above

9702/12/O/N/10

18 Below are four short paragraphs describing the molecules in a beaker of water at 50o

C.




molecules.



C The molecules have a range of speeds. Some molecules travel sufficiently fast to leave the


D The molecules have a range of speeds. The fastest molecules are unable to leave the



Chandra Shakya

9702/12/O/N/10

19 Which group of materials contains two polymers?

A copper sand polystyrene

B glass wood aluminium

C nylon sugar rubber

D stone diamond steel

20 The pressure at sea level is approximately 100 000

Pa. The density of sea water is 1030

kg

m–3

.

What is the approximate pressure 80

m below the surface of the sea?

A 100 000

Pa B 180 000

Pa C 800 000

Pa D 900 000

Pa

9702/12/O/N/10

9702/13/O/N/10 20 The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean has a depth of about 10km.

Assuming that sea water is incompressible and has a density of about 1020 kg m–3

, what would

be the approximate pressure at that depth?

A 105

Pa B 106

Pa C 107

Pa D 108

Pa

9702/13/O/N/10 22 A student writes some statements about solids, liquids and gases.

1 Solids are rigid because the molecules in a solid vibrate.

2 Liquids flow because the molecules in a liquid are closer than in a gas.

3 Gases are less dense than liquids because the molecules in a gas move randomly.

Which statements are correct?

A 1 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D none of the above

9702/11/M/J/11 18 Which process does not require energy to be supplied?

A boiling

B evaporation

C freezing

D melting

19 1.5 m3

of water is mixed with 0.50 m3

of alcohol. The density of water is 1000 kg m–3

and the

density of alcohol is 800kgm–3

.

What is the density of the mixture with volume 2.0m3

?

A 850kgm–3

B 900kgm–3

C 940 kgm–3

D 950kgm–3

9702/11/M/J/11


Chandra Shakya

9702/12/M/J/11

20 The diagram shows two vessels, P and Q, both with sides inclined at 45°.

vessel P vessel Q

Vessel P tapers outwards and vessel Q tapers inwards, as shown.

Both vessels contain a liquid. The depth of the liquid in the vessels is the same. The liquid in

vessel P is twice as dense as the liquid in vessel Q.

What is the ratio

Q of base the on liquid the to due pressure

P of base the on liquid the to due pressure

?

A

1

2

B

1

2

C

2

1

D

2

1

9702/12/M/J/11

21 Two solid substances P and Q have atoms of mass MP and MQ respectively. They have nP and nQ

atoms per unit volume.

The density of P is greater than the density of Q.

What must be correct?

A MP > MQ

B nP > nQ

C MP nP > MQ nQ

D

�

�

n

M

>

�

�

n

M

22 The table summarises some descriptions of evaporation.

Which row of the table is correct?

involves a change in state

from liquid to vapour

occurs at a fixed

temperature

involves a reduction in the

average kinetic energy

of the remaining atoms

A true true true

B true false true

C true false false

D false true false

9702/12/M/J/11


Chandra Shakya

9702/13/M/J/11

18 Which process does not require energy to be supplied?

A boiling

B evaporation

C freezing

D melting

19 1.5

m3

of water is mixed with 0.50

m3

of alcohol. The density of water is 1000

kg

m–3

and the

density of alcohol is 800

kg

m–3

.

What is the density of the mixture with volume 2.0

m3

?

A 850

kg

m–3

B 900

kg

m–3

C 940

kg

m–3

D 950

kg

m–3

9702/13/M/J/11

9702/11/O/N/11 21 Why does the pressure increase when a sealed container of gas is heated?





9702/11/O/N/11








9702/12/O/N/11

19 In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, smoke particles in a container are illuminated by a strong light source and observed through a microscope.


What causes the Brownian motion?






Chandra Shakya

9702/12/O/N/11

20 A horizontal plate of area 0.036 m2 is beneath the surface of a liquid of density 930 kg m–3. The force on the plate due to the pressure of the liquid is 290 N.

What is the depth of the plate beneath the surface of the liquid?

A 0.88 m B 1.13 m C 8.7 m D 9.1 m

9702/13/O/N/11








24 Why does the pressure increase when a sealed container of gas is heated?





9702/13/O/N/11

21 At room temperature, the density of liquid mercury is five times greater than the density of solid

aluminium.


A Aluminium atoms are spaced widely apart.

B Aluminium atoms move more freely than mercury atoms.

C Atoms in a liquid take up less space than atoms in a solid.

D Mercury atoms have greater mass than aluminium atoms.

9702/11/M/J/12

9702/11/M/J/12









Chandra Shakya

9702/11/M/J/12

20 Each box shows identical molecules of a gas represented by circles with arrows to show the

direction of travel and the speed of the molecule. A longer arrow represents a higher speed.

Which box contains a gas of the highest density and the lowest temperature?

A B

C D

9702/12/M/J/12

22 The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in a particular crystal.

Each atom is at the corner of a cube.

The mass of each atom is 3.5 × 10–25

kg. The density of the crystal is 9.2 × 103

kg m–3

.

What is the shortest distance between the centres of two adjacent atoms?

A 3.8 × 10–29

m

B 6.2 × 10–15

m

C 3.4 × 10–10

m

D 3.0 × 10–9

m


Chandra Shakya

21 In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, a transparent container is filled with smoke

particles suspended in air.

What can be seen when the contents of the container are strongly illuminated and viewed

through a microscope?

A air molecules that are colliding with smoke particles

B air molecules that are moving in straight lines

C smoke particles that are moving in random zigzag paths

D smoke particles that are moving in straight lines

9702/12/M/J/12

9702/13/M/J/12

24 At room temperature, the density of liquid mercury is five times greater than the density of solid

aluminium.


A Aluminium atoms are spaced widely apart.

B Aluminium atoms move more freely than mercury atoms.

C Atoms in a liquid take up less space than atoms in a solid.

D Mercury atoms have greater mass than aluminium atoms.

9702/12/M/J/1223 A pipe is closed at one end and contains gas, trapped by a column of water.

7.0 m5.0 m

gas

water

The atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105

Pa. The density of water is 1000 kg m–3

.

What is the pressure of the gas? (Use g = 10 m s–2

.)

A 0.3 × 105

Pa

B 0.5 × 105

Pa

C 1.5 × 105

Pa

D 1.7 × 105

Pa


Chandra Shakya

9702/13/M/J/12

25 Each box shows identical molecules of a gas represented by circles with arrows to show the

direction of travel and the speed of the molecule. A longer arrow represents a higher speed.

Which box contains a gas of the highest density and the lowest temperature?

A B

C D








9702/13/M/J/12

25 What leads to the conclusion that the movement of molecules is random?

A evaporation of water at room temperature

B conduction of electricity in water

C convection currents in air

D motion of dust particles in air

9702/12/O/N/12


Chandra Shakya

23 Which row correctly describes the spacing and motion of the molecules in water and in ice when

both are at a temperature of 0 °C?

spacing motion

A

molecules in ice are

further apart than

molecules in water

molecules in both ice

and water have the

same average speed

B


further apart than

molecules in water

molecules in ice travel

more slowly than those

in water

C


closer than molecules

in water



in water

D


closer than molecules

in water


and water have the

same average speed

24 Which row gives the correct description for the arrangement of atoms in the four types of

material?

atoms have no

long-range order

atoms form giant

chain-like molecules

atoms have an ordered

arrangement in regions, but

these ordered regions are at

angles to one another

atoms are arranged

in an ordered way

throughout

A crystalline amorphous polymeric polycrystalline

B polycrystalline crystalline amorphous polymeric

C polymeric polycrystalline crystalline amorphous

D amorphous polymeric polycrystalline crystalline

9702/12/O/N/12

9702/12/O/N/12

9702/11/O/N/12

22 Which row correctly describes the spacing, ordering and motion of the molecules in water and in

ice when both are at a temperature of 0 °C?

spacing ordering motion

A molecules in ice are

closer together than

molecules in water

a regular pattern of


and water


and water have the

same average speed

B molecules in ice are

closer together than

molecules in water


molecules in ice but not

in water



in water

C molecules in ice are

further apart than

molecules in water



and water



in water

D molecules in ice are

further apart than

molecules in water


molecules in ice but not

in water


and water have the

same average speed


Chandra Shakya

26 The diagram shows the force-extension graphs for two materials, of the same dimensions, loaded

to fracture.

force

extension00

What describes the behaviour of the materials?

A Both materials are brittle.

B Both materials obey Hooke’s law.

C Both materials are plastic.

D Both materials have the same ultimate tensile stress.

9702/12/O/N/12

22 Which row correctly describes the ordering and motion of the molecules in water and in ice when

both are at a temperature of 0 °C?

ordering motion

A

a regular pattern

of molecules in ice

but not in water


and water have the

same average speed

B

a regular pattern

of molecules in ice

but not in water

molecules in ice

travel more slowly

than those in water

C

a regular pattern

of molecules in both

ice and water

molecules in ice

travel more slowly

than those in water

D

a regular pattern


ice and water


and water have the

same average speed

9702/13/O/N/12


Chandra Shakya

23 The diagram shows a rectangular block of mass 8.2 kg immersed in sea water of density

1.10 × 103

kg m–3

.

2.00 m2.20 m

What is the difference in pressure between the top and bottom surfaces of the block?

A 2.2 × 102

Pa

B 2.2 × 103

Pa

C 1.8 × 104

Pa

D 2.3 × 104

Pa

9702/13/O/N/12

20 Which row correctly states the characteristics of the process of evaporation?

requires

heat energy

occurs only at a

particular temperature

can cause a change

of temperature

A � � �

B � � �

C � � �

D � � �

21 A bore-hole of depth 2000 m contains both oil and water as shown. The pressure due to the

liquids at the bottom of the bore-hole is 17.5 MPa. The density of the oil is 830 kg m–3

and the

density of the water is 1000 kg m–3

.

oil

water

x

2000 m

What is the depth x of the oil?

A 907 m B 1000 m C 1090 m D 1270 m

9702/11/M/J/13

9702/11/M/J/13


Chandra Shakya

20 Two bulbs X and Y containing air at different pressures are connected by a tube P which contains

two mercury threads.

X Y

air pressure

16 000 Pa

P

air pressure

8000 Pa

mercury threads

h1 h2

h1 and h2 are

not to scale

The density of mercury is 13 600 kg m–3

.

Which pair of values of h1 and h2 is possible?

h1 / cm h2 / cm

A 4.0 2.0

B 6.0 6.0

C 12.0 18.0

D 18.0 12.0


ice




water molecules.




9702/12/M/J/13

9702/12/M/J/13


Chandra Shakya

17 Ice at a temperature of 0 °C is a rare example of a solid that floats on its liquid form, in this case

water, when they are both at the same temperature.

What is the explanation for this?

A The average speed of the molecules in the ice is greater than the average speed of the

molecules in the water.

B The average speed of the molecules in the water is greater than the average speed of the

molecules in the ice.

C The mean separation of the molecules in the ice is greater than the mean separation of the

molecules in the water.

D The mean separation of the molecules in the water is greater than the mean separation of

the molecules in the ice.

18 The formula for hydrostatic pressure is p = ρ gh.


A density =

volume

mass




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20 Below are four short paragraphs describing the molecules in a beaker of water at 50

o

C.




molecules.



C The molecules have a range of speeds. The fastest molecules are unable to leave the


D The molecules have a range of speeds. Some molecules travel sufficiently fast to leave the


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21 Which two substances are normally both crystalline?

A copper and diamond

B copper and glass

C diamond and glass

D diamond and rubber

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Chandra Shakya

22 Water in a bath varies in depth from 20.0 cm at the shallow end to 30.0 cm at the end with the

plug.

20.0 cm30.0 cm

waterbath

plug

The density of the water is 1000 kg m–3

.

What is the pressure of the water acting on the plug?

A 1960 Pa B 2450 Pa C 2940 Pa D 4900 Pa

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20 Gold has a density of 19.3 g cm–3

.

The volume occupied by a single atom of gold may be considered to be a cube with sides of

length 2.6 × 10–8

cm.

What is the mass of a gold atom?

A 3.4 × 10–25

g

B 3.4 × 10–22

g

C 1.3 × 10–17

g

D 1.3 × 10–14

g

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21 In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, a transparent container is filled with smoke

particles suspended in air.

What can be seen when the contents of the container are strongly illuminated and viewed

through a microscope?

A molecules in random motion

B molecules vibrating regularly

C smoke particles in random motion

D smoke particles vibrating regularly

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17 Which statement about boiling and evaporation is correct?

A Boiling can only occur at the surface of a liquid.

B Evaporation can only occur at a fixed temperature.

C Only boiling involves a change of phase.

D When some of a liquid evaporates, the rest of the liquid becomes cooler.

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Chandra Shakya

18 There is one temperature, about 0.01 °C, at which water, water vapour and ice can co-exist in

equilibrium.

Which statement about the properties of the molecules at this temperature is correct?

A Ice molecules are closer to one another than water molecules.

B The mean kinetic energy of water molecules is greater than the mean kinetic energy of ice

molecules.

C Water vapour molecules are less massive than water molecules.

D Water vapour molecules have the same mean speed as both ice and water molecules.

19 A crystalline solid is heated at a constant rate and the change of temperature with time is shown

in the graph below.

temperature

timeP Q R S

Which statement about the particles in the material is correct?

A In the time from P to Q, the particles are arranged randomly.

B In the time from Q to R, some particles are arranged regularly and some particles are

arranged randomly.

C In the time from R to S, the particles are widely spaced.

D The arrangement of the particles is the same in the time from P to S.

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19 When the water in a pond freezes, it changes from a liquid to a solid. When this occurs, it

changes volume and exchanges energy with the surroundings.

Which row is correct?

change of volume energy exchange

A contracts gives out energy to the surroundings

B contracts takes in energy from the surroundings

C expands gives out energy to the surroundings

D expands takes in energy from the surroundings

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Chandra Shakya

17 If the Universe was such that the speed of the molecules in a substance increased with

temperature but at any particular temperature the speed of all the molecules in a substance was

the same, which process would not occur?

A boiling

B condensation

C evaporation

D melting

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20 Which process does not require energy to be supplied?

A boiling

B evaporation

C freezing

D melting

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18 Liquid Q has twice the density of liquid R.

At depth x in liquid R, the pressure due to the liquid is 4 kPa.

At what depth in liquid Q is the pressure due to the liquid 7 kPa?

A

7

2x B

8

7x C

7

8x D

2

7x

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21 The graph shows the distribution of speeds for the molecules of a gas at a particular temperature.

00

the number

of molecules

with speed v

speed v

Which statement is correct?

A All the molecules have the same kinetic energy.

B The commonest value of speed is also the average speed.

C The graph shows that the molecules of a gas are widely spaced apart.

D The peak value of the graph would move to the right if the temperature is increased.

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Chandra Shakya

17 What is the correct name for a material containing long-chain molecules that are tangled and

coiled?

A amorphous metal

B amorphous polymer

C crystalline metal

D crystalline polymer

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18 Which statement about molecules in a gas is correct?

A In Brownian motion experiments, the molecules can be seen moving randomly in all

directions.

B The pressure exerted by a gas is caused by molecules bouncing against each other and

changing kinetic energy.

C The pressure exerted by a gas is caused by molecules rebounding from the walls of a

container and changing momentum.

D When the average speed of the molecules in a closed container increases, the density must

also increase.

19 The diagram shows the atoms of a substance with the atoms at the corners of a cube. The

average separation of the atoms at a particular temperature is 15 nm.

15 nm

When the temperature changes so that the average separation becomes 17 nm, by which factor

will the density of the substance change?

A 0.61 B 0.69 C 0.78 D 0.88

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20 Atmospheric pressure at sea level has a value of 100 kPa.

The density of sea water is 1020 kg m–3

.

At which depth in the sea would the total pressure be 110 kPa?

A 1.0 m B 9.8 m C 10 m D 11 m

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Chandra Shakya

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21 A student is studying Brownian motion.

Using a microscope, she observes particles of smoke in a glass container, illuminated by a strong

light. The particles of smoke have a zig-zag path, constantly changing speed and direction.

What happens to the smoke particles if the air in the container is heated?

A The smoke particles become easier to see.

B The smoke particles change direction more frequently.

C The smoke particles increase in volume.

D The smoke particles move further apart.

22 The diagram shows two liquids, labelled P and Q, which do not mix. The liquids are in equilibrium

in an open U-tube.

x

x

x

P

Q

What is the ratio

Q ofdensity

P ofdensity ?

A

2

1

B

3

2

C

2

3

D 2

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distance between

molecules

density






Chandra Shakya

9702/13/M/J/15

21 A W-shaped tube contains two amounts of mercury, each open to the atmosphere. Air at

pressure P is trapped in between them. The diagram shows two vertical distances x and y.

atmospheric

pressure

atmospheric

pressure

air at

pressure P

x

y50 mm

mercury

NOT TO

SCALE

Atmospheric pressure is equal to the pressure that would be exerted by a column of mercury of

height 760 mm. The pressure P is expressed in this way.

Which values of x, y and P are possible?

x / mm y / mm

P / mm of

mercury

A 20 20 780

B 20 30 780

C 30 20 810

D 30 30 790

20 The maximum pressure that granite rock can withstand is 2.0 × 108

N m–2

. Above this pressure,

the rock begins to flow like a liquid. The density of granite is 2.7 × 103

kg m–3

.

What would be the height of a pure granite mountain whose base is just beginning to flow?

A 3.8 × 103

m B 7.6 × 103

m C 3.7 × 104

m D 7.4 × 104

m

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Chandra Shakya

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19 Which row correctly describes the ordering and motion of the molecules in liquid water and in ice

when both are at a temperature of 0 °C?

ordering motion

A

a regular pattern

of molecules in ice

but not in water


and water have the

same average speed

B

a regular pattern

of molecules in ice

but not in water

molecules in ice

travel more slowly

than those in water

C

a regular pattern


ice and water

molecules in ice

travel more slowly

than those in water

D

a regular pattern


ice and water


and water have the

same average speed

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21 The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in a particular crystal.

Each atom is at the corner of a cube.

The mass of each atom is 3.5 × 10–25

kg. The density of the crystal is 9.2 × 103

kg m–3

.

What is the shortest distance between the centres of two adjacent atoms?

A 3.8 × 10–29

m

B 6.2 × 10–15

m

C 3.4 × 10–10

m

D 3.0 × 10–9

m


Chandra Shakya

20 Descriptions of three different types of material are listed.

1 a polycrystalline material made up of large numbers of small crystals

2 an amorphous material with little or no ordered arrangement of molecules

3 a polymeric material consisting of long chains of molecules

Which row correctly matches the descriptions to nylon, copper and glass?

1 2 3

A copper glass nylon

B copper nylon glass

C glass nylon copper

D nylon copper glass

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9702 p1 phases_of_matter_all_completed

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