4 16 Personality Factors

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Prepared by Niel Steve Kintanar

Interpreting the 16PFInterpreting the 16PFInterpreting the 16PFInterpreting the 16PF

By Niel Steve M. Kintanar

Psy242MA Personality Appraisal University of San Carlos (Cebu)


The 16PFThe 16 Personality The 16 Personality The 16 Personality The 16 Personality

FactorsFactorsFactorsFactorsΨ In In In In 1946194619461946, , , , Raymond Raymond Raymond Raymond CattellCattellCattellCattell analyzed 4500 analyzed 4500 analyzed 4500 analyzed 4500 personalitypersonalitypersonalitypersonality----describing adjectives which they (describing adjectives which they (describing adjectives which they (describing adjectives which they (AllportAllportAllportAllport& & & & OdbertOdbertOdbertOdbert) considered to describe observable and ) considered to describe observable and ) considered to describe observable and ) considered to describe observable and relatively permanent traits.relatively permanent traits.relatively permanent traits.relatively permanent traits.

Ψ He organized the list into 181 clusters and asked He organized the list into 181 clusters and asked He organized the list into 181 clusters and asked He organized the list into 181 clusters and asked subjects to rate people whom they knew by the subjects to rate people whom they knew by the subjects to rate people whom they knew by the subjects to rate people whom they knew by the adjectives on the list. Using adjectives on the list. Using adjectives on the list. Using adjectives on the list. Using factor analysisfactor analysisfactor analysisfactor analysis CattellCattellCattellCattellgenerated generated generated generated twelve factorstwelve factorstwelve factorstwelve factors, and then included four , and then included four , and then included four , and then included four factors which he thought ought to appear. factors which he thought ought to appear. factors which he thought ought to appear. factors which he thought ought to appear.

Ψ The result was the hypothesis that individuals The result was the hypothesis that individuals The result was the hypothesis that individuals The result was the hypothesis that individuals describe themselves and each other according to describe themselves and each other according to describe themselves and each other according to describe themselves and each other according to sixteen different, independent factors.sixteen different, independent factors.sixteen different, independent factors.sixteen different, independent factors.

Ψ With these sixteen factors as a basis, With these sixteen factors as a basis, With these sixteen factors as a basis, With these sixteen factors as a basis, CattellCattellCattellCattell went went went went on to construct the on to construct the on to construct the on to construct the 16PF Personality Questionnaire,16PF Personality Questionnaire,16PF Personality Questionnaire,16PF Personality Questionnaire,which remains in use by universities and businesses which remains in use by universities and businesses which remains in use by universities and businesses which remains in use by universities and businesses for research, personnel selection and the like.for research, personnel selection and the like.for research, personnel selection and the like.for research, personnel selection and the like.

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Trait Psychology in understanding Personality Trait Psychology in understanding Personality Trait Psychology in understanding Personality Trait Psychology in understanding Personality –––– traits were traits were traits were traits were the essential component of personality description.the essential component of personality description.the essential component of personality description.the essential component of personality description.


Steps in the interpretative process

1. Evaluate the Test Talking Aptitude and Response Set (IM, ACQ, INF).

2. Evaluate overall adjustment: Factor C (Emotional Stability), Factor Q3 (Perfectionism), Global (Anxiety), Global (Self Control)

3. Interpret Extreme Scores (STEN 1-3 & 8-10)

4. Consider scale interactions that may alter the meaning of an individual factor scale score.

5. Consider the 5 global factors and integrate those into the interpretation.

6. Relate scores to other sources of information and address the referral question.

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Validity Scale Indicators

Impression Management (IM)

� social desirability measure

� high scorers suggest a conscious attempt to look good on the test.

� low scales suggest a conscious attempt to look bad, the presence of life stressors that reduce respondents’ ability to cope, or a negative self-portrayal.

�19 or above/ 4 or below (doubt on the validity )



Acquiescence (ACQ)

� tendency of the respondent to mark an inordinately large number of items as true.

� the tendency for a person to mark as true when the items are equally true and equally false.

� high scores indicate high need for approval. (above 70 is viewed suspicious)

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Infrequency (INF)

� Respondents are unsure of the answer then answers ? (or a b).

� Very high INF scores can invalidate the test and suggest random responding, reading difficulties, or indecision.

� Scores above 8 (high rate of random responding).


16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors1. Factor A:1. Factor A:1. Factor A:1. Factor A: WARMTHWARMTHWARMTHWARMTHmeasure interpersonal warmth, sociability, and a desire to measure interpersonal warmth, sociability, and a desire to measure interpersonal warmth, sociability, and a desire to measure interpersonal warmth, sociability, and a desire to be with people. be with people. be with people. be with people. (Cool and Reserved vs. Warm and Easy(Cool and Reserved vs. Warm and Easy(Cool and Reserved vs. Warm and Easy(Cool and Reserved vs. Warm and Easy----Going)Going)Going)Going)

High ScorersHigh ScorersHigh ScorersHigh Scorers

High need for social contact, enjoy the support of others and High need for social contact, enjoy the support of others and High need for social contact, enjoy the support of others and High need for social contact, enjoy the support of others and actively involve themselves with other people, authentic interesactively involve themselves with other people, authentic interesactively involve themselves with other people, authentic interesactively involve themselves with other people, authentic interest t t t in people, generous, and attentive. But may have intolerable in people, generous, and attentive. But may have intolerable in people, generous, and attentive. But may have intolerable in people, generous, and attentive. But may have intolerable feelings of loneliness and hence may have a strong desire for feelings of loneliness and hence may have a strong desire for feelings of loneliness and hence may have a strong desire for feelings of loneliness and hence may have a strong desire for approval. Sometimes quite gullible and in work situations might approval. Sometimes quite gullible and in work situations might approval. Sometimes quite gullible and in work situations might approval. Sometimes quite gullible and in work situations might place people concerns ahead of task concerns.place people concerns ahead of task concerns.place people concerns ahead of task concerns.place people concerns ahead of task concerns.

Low ScorersLow ScorersLow ScorersLow Scorers

May reflect schizoid and withdrawn behavior; submissive, May reflect schizoid and withdrawn behavior; submissive, May reflect schizoid and withdrawn behavior; submissive, May reflect schizoid and withdrawn behavior; submissive, retiring, and passive personality; history of poor interpersonalretiring, and passive personality; history of poor interpersonalretiring, and passive personality; history of poor interpersonalretiring, and passive personality; history of poor interpersonaland conflicted family relationships; difficulty in expressing anand conflicted family relationships; difficulty in expressing anand conflicted family relationships; difficulty in expressing anand conflicted family relationships; difficulty in expressing anger; ger; ger; ger; associated with poor performance in many jobs. associated with poor performance in many jobs. associated with poor performance in many jobs. associated with poor performance in many jobs.

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16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors

2. Factor B: 2. Factor B: 2. Factor B: 2. Factor B: REASONINGREASONINGREASONINGREASONINGlargely measures reasoning ability via analogies largely measures reasoning ability via analogies largely measures reasoning ability via analogies largely measures reasoning ability via analogies (Concrete vs. Abstract)(Concrete vs. Abstract)(Concrete vs. Abstract)(Concrete vs. Abstract)


Higher scholastic mental capacity, fast learners, insightful, anHigher scholastic mental capacity, fast learners, insightful, anHigher scholastic mental capacity, fast learners, insightful, anHigher scholastic mental capacity, fast learners, insightful, and d d d persevering; Superior reasoning ability and verbal fluency.persevering; Superior reasoning ability and verbal fluency.persevering; Superior reasoning ability and verbal fluency.persevering; Superior reasoning ability and verbal fluency.


Show poor judgment, less persevering, and tend to interpret Show poor judgment, less persevering, and tend to interpret Show poor judgment, less persevering, and tend to interpret Show poor judgment, less persevering, and tend to interpret things more literally. Reflect lack of motivation in taking thisthings more literally. Reflect lack of motivation in taking thisthings more literally. Reflect lack of motivation in taking thisthings more literally. Reflect lack of motivation in taking thistest.test.test.test.



3. Factor C: 3. Factor C: 3. Factor C: 3. Factor C: EMOTIONAL STABILITYEMOTIONAL STABILITYEMOTIONAL STABILITYEMOTIONAL STABILITY(Reactive vs. Emotionally stable)(Reactive vs. Emotionally stable)(Reactive vs. Emotionally stable)(Reactive vs. Emotionally stable)


Good ego strength, secure; shows few signs of Good ego strength, secure; shows few signs of Good ego strength, secure; shows few signs of Good ego strength, secure; shows few signs of becoming easily upset of unusually tense. Mature, becoming easily upset of unusually tense. Mature, becoming easily upset of unusually tense. Mature, becoming easily upset of unusually tense. Mature, calm, patient. Good indication of psychological calm, patient. Good indication of psychological calm, patient. Good indication of psychological calm, patient. Good indication of psychological health and a good predictor for emotional stability health and a good predictor for emotional stability health and a good predictor for emotional stability health and a good predictor for emotional stability and maturity.and maturity.and maturity.and maturity.


Associated with many kinds of psychopathologies and Associated with many kinds of psychopathologies and Associated with many kinds of psychopathologies and Associated with many kinds of psychopathologies and symptoms and imply psychological maladjustment; symptoms and imply psychological maladjustment; symptoms and imply psychological maladjustment; symptoms and imply psychological maladjustment; Low ego strength and feel unable to cope with life. Low ego strength and feel unable to cope with life. Low ego strength and feel unable to cope with life. Low ego strength and feel unable to cope with life. Easily upset and frustrated, avoids responsibility. Easily upset and frustrated, avoids responsibility. Easily upset and frustrated, avoids responsibility. Easily upset and frustrated, avoids responsibility. Moody and unpleasant to be around. Prone to Moody and unpleasant to be around. Prone to Moody and unpleasant to be around. Prone to Moody and unpleasant to be around. Prone to neurotic behaviors. neurotic behaviors. neurotic behaviors. neurotic behaviors.

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4. Factor E: 4. Factor E: 4. Factor E: 4. Factor E: Dominance Dominance Dominance Dominance (Deferential vs. Dominant)(Deferential vs. Dominant)(Deferential vs. Dominant)(Deferential vs. Dominant)


They enjoy meeting challenges and do so with little They enjoy meeting challenges and do so with little They enjoy meeting challenges and do so with little They enjoy meeting challenges and do so with little empathy. Readily speak their mind and stand up for empathy. Readily speak their mind and stand up for empathy. Readily speak their mind and stand up for empathy. Readily speak their mind and stand up for their beliefs. Confident and competent but their beliefs. Confident and competent but their beliefs. Confident and competent but their beliefs. Confident and competent but sometimes may show nervous symptoms such as sometimes may show nervous symptoms such as sometimes may show nervous symptoms such as sometimes may show nervous symptoms such as restlessness and like to show off and boast.restlessness and like to show off and boast.restlessness and like to show off and boast.restlessness and like to show off and boast.


Try to avoid conflict to please or win approval. They Try to avoid conflict to please or win approval. They Try to avoid conflict to please or win approval. They Try to avoid conflict to please or win approval. They generally have a mild temperament and are eager to generally have a mild temperament and are eager to generally have a mild temperament and are eager to generally have a mild temperament and are eager to follow their sense of correctness. Psychologically, follow their sense of correctness. Psychologically, follow their sense of correctness. Psychologically, follow their sense of correctness. Psychologically, their marked passivity and submissiveness may mask their marked passivity and submissiveness may mask their marked passivity and submissiveness may mask their marked passivity and submissiveness may mask unexpressed anger and resentmentunexpressed anger and resentmentunexpressed anger and resentmentunexpressed anger and resentment



5. Factor F: 5. Factor F: 5. Factor F: 5. Factor F: Liveliness Liveliness Liveliness Liveliness (Seriousness vs. Liveliness or Impulsivity)(Seriousness vs. Liveliness or Impulsivity)(Seriousness vs. Liveliness or Impulsivity)(Seriousness vs. Liveliness or Impulsivity)


Urgency seems to capture the essence of this style. Urgency seems to capture the essence of this style. Urgency seems to capture the essence of this style. Urgency seems to capture the essence of this style. Sometimes these people can appear too spontaneous Sometimes these people can appear too spontaneous Sometimes these people can appear too spontaneous Sometimes these people can appear too spontaneous and uninhibited. and uninhibited. and uninhibited. and uninhibited.


Could either mean acceptance of responsibility or Could either mean acceptance of responsibility or Could either mean acceptance of responsibility or Could either mean acceptance of responsibility or mere resignation. Extremely low scores suggest mere resignation. Extremely low scores suggest mere resignation. Extremely low scores suggest mere resignation. Extremely low scores suggest clinical depression. clinical depression. clinical depression. clinical depression.

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6. Factor G: 6. Factor G: 6. Factor G: 6. Factor G: Rule Consciousness Rule Consciousness Rule Consciousness Rule Consciousness (Low super(Low super(Low super(Low super----ego vs. High superego vs. High superego vs. High superego vs. High super----ego)ego)ego)ego)


Moralistic and rule bound and dominated by a sense Moralistic and rule bound and dominated by a sense Moralistic and rule bound and dominated by a sense Moralistic and rule bound and dominated by a sense of duty. Accept and follow prescribed rules. Strive for of duty. Accept and follow prescribed rules. Strive for of duty. Accept and follow prescribed rules. Strive for of duty. Accept and follow prescribed rules. Strive for the best, good concentration, organized in thought the best, good concentration, organized in thought the best, good concentration, organized in thought the best, good concentration, organized in thought and behavior. But they may have many elements and behavior. But they may have many elements and behavior. But they may have many elements and behavior. But they may have many elements common with compulsive personality style and may common with compulsive personality style and may common with compulsive personality style and may common with compulsive personality style and may have difficulty in situations that call for flexibility.have difficulty in situations that call for flexibility.have difficulty in situations that call for flexibility.have difficulty in situations that call for flexibility.


Low in conventionality and group conformity. In Low in conventionality and group conformity. In Low in conventionality and group conformity. In Low in conventionality and group conformity. In work settings, they do not accept group standards. work settings, they do not accept group standards. work settings, they do not accept group standards. work settings, they do not accept group standards. Have trouble in situations that require conformance Have trouble in situations that require conformance Have trouble in situations that require conformance Have trouble in situations that require conformance to rules and regulations. Can be selfto rules and regulations. Can be selfto rules and regulations. Can be selfto rules and regulations. Can be self----indulgent, indulgent, indulgent, indulgent, slactslactslactslact, , , , indolent, undependable, frivolous, and casual and indolent, undependable, frivolous, and casual and indolent, undependable, frivolous, and casual and indolent, undependable, frivolous, and casual and lack group effort. lack group effort. lack group effort. lack group effort.



7. Factor H: 7. Factor H: 7. Factor H: 7. Factor H: Social Boldness Social Boldness Social Boldness Social Boldness (Shy vs. Socially Bold)(Shy vs. Socially Bold)(Shy vs. Socially Bold)(Shy vs. Socially Bold)


Willing to try new things. Wanting to be noticed.Willing to try new things. Wanting to be noticed.Willing to try new things. Wanting to be noticed.Willing to try new things. Wanting to be noticed.Active, friendly, selfActive, friendly, selfActive, friendly, selfActive, friendly, self----confident, and diplomatic but confident, and diplomatic but confident, and diplomatic but confident, and diplomatic but can also be impulsive, pushy, and sometimes careless can also be impulsive, pushy, and sometimes careless can also be impulsive, pushy, and sometimes careless can also be impulsive, pushy, and sometimes careless with details.with details.with details.with details. (James Bond character)(James Bond character)(James Bond character)(James Bond character)


They feel inferior, are sensitive to perceived threat, They feel inferior, are sensitive to perceived threat, They feel inferior, are sensitive to perceived threat, They feel inferior, are sensitive to perceived threat, lack self confidence, and seem to silently suffer in lack self confidence, and seem to silently suffer in lack self confidence, and seem to silently suffer in lack self confidence, and seem to silently suffer in their own selftheir own selftheir own selftheir own self----imposed restrictions. Avoid being imposed restrictions. Avoid being imposed restrictions. Avoid being imposed restrictions. Avoid being noticed by people (noticed by people (noticed by people (noticed by people (““““WallflowersWallflowersWallflowersWallflowers””””) ) ) )

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8. Factor I: 8. Factor I: 8. Factor I: 8. Factor I: Sensitivity Sensitivity Sensitivity Sensitivity (Tough Minded vs. Emotional Sensitivity)(Tough Minded vs. Emotional Sensitivity)(Tough Minded vs. Emotional Sensitivity)(Tough Minded vs. Emotional Sensitivity)


Compassionate and sensitive, they are attuned to Compassionate and sensitive, they are attuned to Compassionate and sensitive, they are attuned to Compassionate and sensitive, they are attuned to their own areas of vulnerability, so they wish to avoid their own areas of vulnerability, so they wish to avoid their own areas of vulnerability, so they wish to avoid their own areas of vulnerability, so they wish to avoid conflict in these areas. Sometimes can be unrealistic, conflict in these areas. Sometimes can be unrealistic, conflict in these areas. Sometimes can be unrealistic, conflict in these areas. Sometimes can be unrealistic, fidgety, clinging, insecure, demanding of attention, fidgety, clinging, insecure, demanding of attention, fidgety, clinging, insecure, demanding of attention, fidgety, clinging, insecure, demanding of attention, and seeks help and sympathy. Intuitive and make and seeks help and sympathy. Intuitive and make and seeks help and sympathy. Intuitive and make and seeks help and sympathy. Intuitive and make judgments based on subjective impressions and their judgments based on subjective impressions and their judgments based on subjective impressions and their judgments based on subjective impressions and their own emotional reactions. own emotional reactions. own emotional reactions. own emotional reactions.


Maintain selfMaintain selfMaintain selfMaintain self----control. Nocontrol. Nocontrol. Nocontrol. No----nonsense, down to earth nonsense, down to earth nonsense, down to earth nonsense, down to earth approach. But tend to discount what they are feeling approach. But tend to discount what they are feeling approach. But tend to discount what they are feeling approach. But tend to discount what they are feeling because they tend to be over critical and prone to because they tend to be over critical and prone to because they tend to be over critical and prone to because they tend to be over critical and prone to develop difficulties in interpersonal relations. develop difficulties in interpersonal relations. develop difficulties in interpersonal relations. develop difficulties in interpersonal relations.



9. Factor L: 9. Factor L: 9. Factor L: 9. Factor L: Vigilance Vigilance Vigilance Vigilance (Trusting vs. Vigilance)(Trusting vs. Vigilance)(Trusting vs. Vigilance)(Trusting vs. Vigilance)


Reflect disturbed interpersonal relations, perhaps due Reflect disturbed interpersonal relations, perhaps due Reflect disturbed interpersonal relations, perhaps due Reflect disturbed interpersonal relations, perhaps due to an anxious insecurity that they do not relate well to an anxious insecurity that they do not relate well to an anxious insecurity that they do not relate well to an anxious insecurity that they do not relate well to others. Associated with psychopathology. to others. Associated with psychopathology. to others. Associated with psychopathology. to others. Associated with psychopathology. Suspiciousness is the main trait. Tend to be poor team Suspiciousness is the main trait. Tend to be poor team Suspiciousness is the main trait. Tend to be poor team Suspiciousness is the main trait. Tend to be poor team members. Dwell on their frustrations; feel that people members. Dwell on their frustrations; feel that people members. Dwell on their frustrations; feel that people members. Dwell on their frustrations; feel that people are talking about them behind their back.are talking about them behind their back.are talking about them behind their back.are talking about them behind their back.


Good indicator of mental health and psychological Good indicator of mental health and psychological Good indicator of mental health and psychological Good indicator of mental health and psychological well being. Free from unreasonable jealousy. Good well being. Free from unreasonable jealousy. Good well being. Free from unreasonable jealousy. Good well being. Free from unreasonable jealousy. Good team players and tend not to questions the motives team players and tend not to questions the motives team players and tend not to questions the motives team players and tend not to questions the motives of others. But they get annoyed by people who put of others. But they get annoyed by people who put of others. But they get annoyed by people who put of others. But they get annoyed by people who put on superior airs and may get involved in dependent on superior airs and may get involved in dependent on superior airs and may get involved in dependent on superior airs and may get involved in dependent relationships. May also be taken advantage of. relationships. May also be taken advantage of. relationships. May also be taken advantage of. relationships. May also be taken advantage of.

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10. Factor M: 10. Factor M: 10. Factor M: 10. Factor M: Abstractedness Abstractedness Abstractedness Abstractedness (Grounded vs. Abstracted)(Grounded vs. Abstracted)(Grounded vs. Abstracted)(Grounded vs. Abstracted)


Generate flow of ideas but they seem wrapped up in Generate flow of ideas but they seem wrapped up in Generate flow of ideas but they seem wrapped up in Generate flow of ideas but they seem wrapped up in their own self. Enthralled by their inner reactions and their own self. Enthralled by their inner reactions and their own self. Enthralled by their inner reactions and their own self. Enthralled by their inner reactions and dislike attending to details. Unconcerned about dislike attending to details. Unconcerned about dislike attending to details. Unconcerned about dislike attending to details. Unconcerned about practical everyday matters. Enthusiastic about their practical everyday matters. Enthusiastic about their practical everyday matters. Enthusiastic about their practical everyday matters. Enthusiastic about their own inner pursuits and may appear overwrought. own inner pursuits and may appear overwrought. own inner pursuits and may appear overwrought. own inner pursuits and may appear overwrought.


Attend to the requirements of daily life and avoid Attend to the requirements of daily life and avoid Attend to the requirements of daily life and avoid Attend to the requirements of daily life and avoid anything that is considered farfetched. They are anything that is considered farfetched. They are anything that is considered farfetched. They are anything that is considered farfetched. They are dependable and tend to worry, sometimes, needlessly, dependable and tend to worry, sometimes, needlessly, dependable and tend to worry, sometimes, needlessly, dependable and tend to worry, sometimes, needlessly, especially because they attend well to details. They especially because they attend well to details. They especially because they attend well to details. They especially because they attend well to details. They prefer the familiar and predictable. prefer the familiar and predictable. prefer the familiar and predictable. prefer the familiar and predictable.



11. Factor N: 11. Factor N: 11. Factor N: 11. Factor N: PrivatenessPrivatenessPrivatenessPrivateness(Forthright vs. (Forthright vs. (Forthright vs. (Forthright vs. NondiscolosingNondiscolosingNondiscolosingNondiscolosing))))


Willingly tell others personal details about their lives. Willingly tell others personal details about their lives. Willingly tell others personal details about their lives. Willingly tell others personal details about their lives. They do not keep things to themselves. They do not keep things to themselves. They do not keep things to themselves. They do not keep things to themselves.


Associated with people who rarely or only reluctantly Associated with people who rarely or only reluctantly Associated with people who rarely or only reluctantly Associated with people who rarely or only reluctantly reveal personal details about themselves. reveal personal details about themselves. reveal personal details about themselves. reveal personal details about themselves.

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12. Factor O: 12. Factor O: 12. Factor O: 12. Factor O: Apprehension Apprehension Apprehension Apprehension (Self(Self(Self(Self----Assured vs. Apprehensive)Assured vs. Apprehensive)Assured vs. Apprehensive)Assured vs. Apprehensive)


Suggest psychological distress (anxiety or depression). Suggest psychological distress (anxiety or depression). Suggest psychological distress (anxiety or depression). Suggest psychological distress (anxiety or depression). Needlessly worry, depressed, feel worthless, and Needlessly worry, depressed, feel worthless, and Needlessly worry, depressed, feel worthless, and Needlessly worry, depressed, feel worthless, and inadequate, feel a vague sense of dread, and have low inadequate, feel a vague sense of dread, and have low inadequate, feel a vague sense of dread, and have low inadequate, feel a vague sense of dread, and have low selfselfselfself----esteem. Become easily downhearted and esteem. Become easily downhearted and esteem. Become easily downhearted and esteem. Become easily downhearted and remorseful and inclined to selfremorseful and inclined to selfremorseful and inclined to selfremorseful and inclined to self----pity. Prone to develop pity. Prone to develop pity. Prone to develop pity. Prone to develop hypocondriacalhypocondriacalhypocondriacalhypocondriacal or phobic symptoms. (Lady Macbeth)or phobic symptoms. (Lady Macbeth)or phobic symptoms. (Lady Macbeth)or phobic symptoms. (Lady Macbeth)


SelfSelfSelfSelf----confident, selfconfident, selfconfident, selfconfident, self----sufficient, tough, cheerful, placid, sufficient, tough, cheerful, placid, sufficient, tough, cheerful, placid, sufficient, tough, cheerful, placid, secure, and resilient and have high selfsecure, and resilient and have high selfsecure, and resilient and have high selfsecure, and resilient and have high self----esteem. esteem. esteem. esteem.



13. Factor Q1: 13. Factor Q1: 13. Factor Q1: 13. Factor Q1: Openness to Change Openness to Change Openness to Change Openness to Change (Traditional vs. Open to change)(Traditional vs. Open to change)(Traditional vs. Open to change)(Traditional vs. Open to change)


Oriented towards change but may find it difficult to Oriented towards change but may find it difficult to Oriented towards change but may find it difficult to Oriented towards change but may find it difficult to compromise, and tend to have problems with and feel compromise, and tend to have problems with and feel compromise, and tend to have problems with and feel compromise, and tend to have problems with and feel anger at authority figures. anger at authority figures. anger at authority figures. anger at authority figures.


Accepting, conservative in values, religion and Accepting, conservative in values, religion and Accepting, conservative in values, religion and Accepting, conservative in values, religion and politics. They prefer and tend to maintain longpolitics. They prefer and tend to maintain longpolitics. They prefer and tend to maintain longpolitics. They prefer and tend to maintain long----lasting relationships. Loyal employees and give lasting relationships. Loyal employees and give lasting relationships. Loyal employees and give lasting relationships. Loyal employees and give faithful service. Better at jobs and tasks that require faithful service. Better at jobs and tasks that require faithful service. Better at jobs and tasks that require faithful service. Better at jobs and tasks that require steady adherence to established methods. But can get steady adherence to established methods. But can get steady adherence to established methods. But can get steady adherence to established methods. But can get stuck in unrewarding situations. stuck in unrewarding situations. stuck in unrewarding situations. stuck in unrewarding situations.

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14. Factor Q2: 14. Factor Q2: 14. Factor Q2: 14. Factor Q2: SelfSelfSelfSelf----Reliance Reliance Reliance Reliance (Group oriented vs. Self(Group oriented vs. Self(Group oriented vs. Self(Group oriented vs. Self----reliant)reliant)reliant)reliant)


Resourceful, emotionally secure, independent, and Resourceful, emotionally secure, independent, and Resourceful, emotionally secure, independent, and Resourceful, emotionally secure, independent, and resolute and prefer making decisions. Accustomed to resolute and prefer making decisions. Accustomed to resolute and prefer making decisions. Accustomed to resolute and prefer making decisions. Accustomed to getting their way but not necessarily dominant in getting their way but not necessarily dominant in getting their way but not necessarily dominant in getting their way but not necessarily dominant in their interpersonal relationships. However, sometimes their interpersonal relationships. However, sometimes their interpersonal relationships. However, sometimes their interpersonal relationships. However, sometimes they may be too much of a loner and may have they may be too much of a loner and may have they may be too much of a loner and may have they may be too much of a loner and may have problems working with and relating with others. problems working with and relating with others. problems working with and relating with others. problems working with and relating with others.


Basic dependency in a group situations. Joiners rather Basic dependency in a group situations. Joiners rather Basic dependency in a group situations. Joiners rather Basic dependency in a group situations. Joiners rather than followers. Rely heavily on social approval and than followers. Rely heavily on social approval and than followers. Rely heavily on social approval and than followers. Rely heavily on social approval and have strong need for affiliation. have strong need for affiliation. have strong need for affiliation. have strong need for affiliation. UnconsiouclyUnconsiouclyUnconsiouclyUnconsioucly seek seek seek seek praise through a group context. Their strong need for praise through a group context. Their strong need for praise through a group context. Their strong need for praise through a group context. Their strong need for group dependence makes them vulnerable to group dependence makes them vulnerable to group dependence makes them vulnerable to group dependence makes them vulnerable to exploitation. exploitation. exploitation. exploitation.


16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors15. Factor Q3: 15. Factor Q3: 15. Factor Q3: 15. Factor Q3: Perfectionism Perfectionism Perfectionism Perfectionism measures compulsivity, perfectionism, and the ability measures compulsivity, perfectionism, and the ability measures compulsivity, perfectionism, and the ability measures compulsivity, perfectionism, and the ability to bind anxiety or express it appropriately.to bind anxiety or express it appropriately.to bind anxiety or express it appropriately.to bind anxiety or express it appropriately.

(Tolerates disorders vs. Perfectionism)(Tolerates disorders vs. Perfectionism)(Tolerates disorders vs. Perfectionism)(Tolerates disorders vs. Perfectionism)


Reflect good overall adjustment, but may also suggest Reflect good overall adjustment, but may also suggest Reflect good overall adjustment, but may also suggest Reflect good overall adjustment, but may also suggest behavior that is too compulsive and demanding. behavior that is too compulsive and demanding. behavior that is too compulsive and demanding. behavior that is too compulsive and demanding. Maintains selfMaintains selfMaintains selfMaintains self----respect and for being positively regarded respect and for being positively regarded respect and for being positively regarded respect and for being positively regarded by others. Concerned by social appearance and by others. Concerned by social appearance and by others. Concerned by social appearance and by others. Concerned by social appearance and ettiquetteettiquetteettiquetteettiquette but particularly with their reputation. but particularly with their reputation. but particularly with their reputation. but particularly with their reputation.


Impulsively lively, cheerful, and disorganized and may Impulsively lively, cheerful, and disorganized and may Impulsively lively, cheerful, and disorganized and may Impulsively lively, cheerful, and disorganized and may appear too spontaneous and uninhibited. Little regard appear too spontaneous and uninhibited. Little regard appear too spontaneous and uninhibited. Little regard appear too spontaneous and uninhibited. Little regard for social demands; lax and inconsiderate. Follow their for social demands; lax and inconsiderate. Follow their for social demands; lax and inconsiderate. Follow their for social demands; lax and inconsiderate. Follow their own urges. Tend to be immature. own urges. Tend to be immature. own urges. Tend to be immature. own urges. Tend to be immature.

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16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16 Personality Factors16. Factor Q4: 16. Factor Q4: 16. Factor Q4: 16. Factor Q4: TensionTensionTensionTension

(Relaxed vs. Tense)(Relaxed vs. Tense)(Relaxed vs. Tense)(Relaxed vs. Tense)


Poorly controlled libido. Feel frustrated and maintain a Poorly controlled libido. Feel frustrated and maintain a Poorly controlled libido. Feel frustrated and maintain a Poorly controlled libido. Feel frustrated and maintain a level of excitement and tension throughout their level of excitement and tension throughout their level of excitement and tension throughout their level of excitement and tension throughout their behavior, which could interfere with their functioning behavior, which could interfere with their functioning behavior, which could interfere with their functioning behavior, which could interfere with their functioning and efficiency. Can suggest classical anxiety neurosis or and efficiency. Can suggest classical anxiety neurosis or and efficiency. Can suggest classical anxiety neurosis or and efficiency. Can suggest classical anxiety neurosis or situational anxiety.situational anxiety.situational anxiety.situational anxiety.


Relaxed, calm, sedate, tranquil, composed, easy going, Relaxed, calm, sedate, tranquil, composed, easy going, Relaxed, calm, sedate, tranquil, composed, easy going, Relaxed, calm, sedate, tranquil, composed, easy going, unfrustratedunfrustratedunfrustratedunfrustrated, and , and , and , and ““““laid backlaid backlaid backlaid back””””. Little anxiety but may . Little anxiety but may . Little anxiety but may . Little anxiety but may lack a vigor and drive and may be difficult to motivate. lack a vigor and drive and may be difficult to motivate. lack a vigor and drive and may be difficult to motivate. lack a vigor and drive and may be difficult to motivate.


16 Personality Factors 16 Personality Factors 16 Personality Factors 16 Personality Factors GLOBAL FACTORSGLOBAL FACTORSGLOBAL FACTORSGLOBAL FACTORS

ExtroversionExtroversionExtroversionExtroversion

High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers Markers: A+, F+, H+, NMarkers: A+, F+, H+, NMarkers: A+, F+, H+, NMarkers: A+, F+, H+, N----, and Q2, and Q2, and Q2, and Q2----. . . .

AnxietyAnxietyAnxietyAnxiety

High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers Markers: CMarkers: CMarkers: CMarkers: C----, L+, O+, and Q4+. , L+, O+, and Q4+. , L+, O+, and Q4+. , L+, O+, and Q4+.

ToughToughToughTough----MindednessMindednessMindednessMindedness

High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers Markers: AMarkers: AMarkers: AMarkers: A----, I, I, I, I----, M, M, M, M----, and Q1+. , and Q1+. , and Q1+. , and Q1+.

IndependenceIndependenceIndependenceIndependence

High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers Markers: E+, H+, L+, and Q1+. Markers: E+, H+, L+, and Q1+. Markers: E+, H+, L+, and Q1+. Markers: E+, H+, L+, and Q1+.

SelfSelfSelfSelf----ControlControlControlControl

High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers High Scorers Markers: FMarkers: FMarkers: FMarkers: F----, G+, M, G+, M, G+, M, G+, M----, and Q3+. , and Q3+. , and Q3+. , and Q3+.

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4 16 Personality Factors

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