33

2

34

-

,

, -

. , ,

: 1. (core) 2. (radiative zone)

3. (convective zone) 4. (photosphere) 5. (chromosphere) 6. (transition zone) 7. (corona) ( ,

-

.) -

.

-

-

, -

, -

-

,

-

.

, -

,

-

,

,

. ,

-

,

-

. (.. , ).

5

35

5. (Chromosphere)

-

. -

12.000 km .

,

-

.

= 4.300 - 10.000

6. (ransition zone )

.

= 10.000 - 1.000.000

4. (Photosphere)

( ) -

500 km (

36

(core) 0,25 R

. 10% , 160 gr/cm3. - (: 4, ), -,

, -

.

, () (He) p+ p+ I, () - MeV , - X . 15106 , P 1,3109 atm 1,31015 dyn/cm2. ( 1 dyn/cm2 = 9,86910-7 atm = 10-1 Pa).

(radiative zone) ( ) 0,86 , R

. ,

, 8106 5105 , 8106 5105 ,

.

0,25 R

0,86 R

:

1 R? :

500 Km

R

37

,

, ,

.

, ,

. ,

, -

, (). , - -

.

(convective zone convection zone) ,

, 1 R

.

, 5 105 6,6 103 , .

-

-

,

.

-

900.000 - , -

8.000 80.000 .

-

1.000.000 .

-

(), -

.

cm

( )

38

,

. , ( ), , -

( ). , -

,

-

.

,

-

,

. ,

-

,

, -

.

-

.

2 : -

-

,

.

, -

-

, -

.

,

, -

, .

, , -

.

-

He II. , () , -

,

39

He II. , -

-

,

,

, -

-

, . -

-

,

(: / - ), .

, -

(), .

, 500 km, -, , , ,

.

, -

,

, , ,

, ,

. ,

. -

, , .

. 2.1 -

:

-

.

-

, ,

, -

, -

.

40

H

,

,

. , ,

A, H ,

.

, -

( , , ..), - .

, -

. ,

, ,

.

H , - , . ,

-

. , ,

, ,

.

P , P N T ,

1960 Mount Wilson, , - ,

( ). - -. ,

, . -

,

-

Doppler-Fizeau), . -

-

.

, GONG.

, , -

, ,

. ,

, . ,

: , .

, .

Lorentz, ( , -

). p-mode, g-mode, f-mode

. 2.2 . ,

(GONG, NOAO).

41

.

p-mode ( p ), (sound waves). ,

, -

(3 - 10 min)

-

.

-

2 4 mHz.

g-mode ( g , ), (gravity waves). - , mm ( mm), 100 ( 1,6 ) 0,3 - 0,4 mHz. , .

5 .

f-mode (surface gravity waves) .

,

,

,

. -

, -

-

,

, ( -

,

, -

= -

). - , , -

, -

-

, -

.

,

, .

. 2.3 ,

(Helioseismology / GONG)

. 3.4 . .

. -

-

.

,

( -). , -

(SOHO).

42

,

-

, ,

, , -

, -

. , -

, -

( ). - -

-

. ,

.

( ) l-nu .

, ,

/- . ,

, ,

, -

.

( ) .

. 2.3 l-nu , , 10 mHz, l=1000 (Helioseismology / GONG)