100015997-ΦΥΛΛΑΔΙΟ-ΑΛΓΕΒΡΑΣ-2012-2013

129

Click here to load reader

Transcript of 100015997-ΦΥΛΛΑΔΙΟ-ΑΛΓΕΒΡΑΣ-2012-2013

  • 1

    :

    () ().

    Q ,

    Q, Q Q

    , .

    , Q .

    :

    Q , .

    1. :

    Q

    :

    Q

    Q , o Q .

    Q .

    2. :

    Q

    :

    Q = 2=2

    Q , o Q

    2 2

    Q (-4)2=42 -4 4.

  • 2

    Q ,

    , Q Q

    Q

    O > .

    1. :

    :

    Q:

    Q ,,,

    .

    2. :

    :=

    Q:2=2

    Q = 2=2.

    Q ,

    .

    .

    Q

    .

  • 3

    1. :

    :

    Q:

    :

    : -

    :

    :

    :

    , .

    Q ,

    .

    .

    1. :

    :

    Q:

    :

    : -

    :

    :

    :

    .

  • 4

    2. :

    :

    Q:

    :

    :

    :

    :

    : .

    .

  • 5

    1.

    Q Q P .

    ) :

    Q:

    )

    Q:

    2. () ,

    .

    )2=25 =5

    )=4 2=16

    )2=36 =6

    )2=100 (=10 =-10)

    )2 9 3

    3. () ,

    .

    )2=6 2=9

    )2=16 3=12

    ) 2=6 +3=6

    )3=6 3=8

    4.

    :

    ) 2 25, 5 ...... -5.

    ) 2=9, =3 ...... =-3.

    ) , 2+2=0, =0 ..... =0

    ) , 2+2 0, 0 ..... 0

  • 6

    Cantor: ,

    ,

    .

    .

    : ,

    :

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    1. ,

    .

    2. ,:

    3. ,:

    4. :

    :

    :

    : _

    :

    A. :

    ,

    , .

    ,

    . ,

    .

  • 7

    . : ={1,3,5,7,9,11,.......}

    1 100: ={1,2,3,4,5,6,.....,100}

    B. :

    ,

    .,

    , :

    {/ }

    . : ={ / }

    1 10: ={ /110}

    , : =

    :

    . { }.

    ,

    . .

    :

    .

    , .

    , =.

    ,

    .

  • 8

    :

    ={/ }

    .

    .

    :

    = =.

    = ( ).

    ( ) = ( )= ( ).

    .

    , =.

    ={/ }

    .

    :

    = =.

    = ( ).

    ( )=( )= ( ).

    .

    , =.

    = , , .

  • 9

    ={/ } ( )

    :

    = =.

    = =.

    ()=.

    -={/ } -={/ }

    .

  • 10

    1. :

    ) / 2 5A ) / 3 2 ) 2/ 9

    ) 2/ 4 ) 2/ 2 6 0

    2.:

    ) / 1 3 ) / 2 5 ) / 3 5 1

    ) 3/16 9 0

    3. : 2 2 2( ) ( 25)(4 9)( 2)

    :

    ) / ( ) 0 ) / ( ) 0 ) / ( ) 0

    ) / ( ) 0

    4. 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3 3,4

    . :

    , , , ( ) ' , ( ) ' , ' , '

    5. 1,2,3,4,5 , 4,5,6,7 , 1,4,7 .

    : , , , ( ) , ( ) , ( )

    6. :

    )=[1,4] =(3,5) )=[2,7] =[7,10] )=[-1,2] =(2,3)

    )=[-3,1] =(-1,1)

    7. ={ / 2 -4++1=0 }

    ={ / 2 +(+1)+2-1=0 }.)

    ) ={0,1,2,3,4,5}

    , , () .

  • 11

    1

    :

    .

    . , , ...

    :

    .

    ={1,2,.....,}

    1,2,....., .

    . ={,} : :

    ={1,2,3,4,5,6}

    :

    .

    :

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    . ={1} ,={2,4} ,={1,3,5}

    .

    : ,

    .

    . .

  • 12

    :

    .

    . ={,} (

    )

    :

    .

    . ={7} .

    Venn

    A = ,

    .

  • 13

    1. .

    ( ) :

    ) ,

    ) .

    .

    2. .

    .

    3. .

    Venn :

    ) ,.

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    ) ,

    4.

    .

    :

    ) , ,

    .

    ) , ,

    .

    5. ,

    (), . :

    ) .

    ) :

    : .

    : .

    : .

    : .

    : .

    6.

    .

    . :

    : .

    : .

    : .

    : .

    7. . :

    : .

    : .

    :

    ) ) )- - )( ) ( )

    )(-) (-) ) ) ) .

  • 14

    8.

    . :

    : .

    : .

    : .

    ) :

    ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( )

    )

    .

    9.

    .

    ) 30 , 20 15

    . :

    :

    :

    ) 30 , 40% 50%

    . :

    :

    : .

    10. , ,

    :

    ) = ) = )-= ) .

    11. .

    .

    12. (

    ), :

    :, . .

    .

    13. (

    )

    ) .,

    ) :

    i. :

    ii. : 3 .

    ) -

  • 15

    fA: k

    ,

    .

    fA=k

    f1,f2,.,f , {1},{2},.....{}

    f1=k1

    , f2= 2k

    ,......., f=k

    , :

    0 fi1 i=1,2,,

    f=f +f +.....+fi 1 2=1

    . ()

    '' ()()= =

    ()

    0 ()1

    ( )=0

    ()=1

    ={1,2,....,}

    . {i}, i=1,2,,,

    , (i), :

    0 ()1 i=1,2,,

    v

    P( )=1ii=i

    () {}.

    ={1,2,....,} , ,

    (1)+(2)+....+()

    ( )=0.

  • 16

    ( )=()+()-( )

    = ( )=()+()

    ()=1-()

    ()()

    (-)=( )=()-( )

    (-)=( )=()-( )

    )

    N(AB)=N(A)+N(B)-N(AB), (1) N(A)+N(B)

    AB

    )

    N(A)= N()=, + ,

    . ,

    N(A)=+= N(A)+N().

    : )()()(

    )(

    )(

    )(

    )(

    )()(

    )(

    )A()(

    (simply additive law)

    . , , P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)+P().

  • 17

    ) AA'=, A'

    , ,

    :P(AA')=P(A)+P(A') P()=P(A)+P(A') 1=P(A)+P(A'). P(A')=1-

    P(A).

    )

    AB :

    )()()(N

    )(N

    )(N

    )A(N)B(N)A(N .

    )

    A-B AB

    (A-B)(AB)=A, :P(A)=P(A-B)+P(AB) P(A-B)=P(A)-P(AB).

    De Morgan , , :

    ( )=

    ( )=

  • 18

    1. . :

    ):

    ):

    ) 4.

    2. 52 .

    :

    ):

    ):

    ):

    ) .

    3. 4 ,10 6 .

    , :

    ):

    ):

    ):

    4.A 30 ,25 ,5 DVD 4

    DVD. .

    :

    ): .

    ): DVD.

    ): .

    ): .

    5. 12 18 .

    40 .

    . :

    ): 40 .

    ): 40 .

    ): .

    6. 50 .

    :

    0 1 2 3 4 5

    6 14 13 9 5 3

    50 .

    :

    ): .

    ): 3.

    ): : 3 .

    ): 3 4 .

    ): 2 4 .

  • 19

    7. 50 1 50.

    . :

    ): 6 4.

    ): 6 4.

    8.

    ,

    . :

    :

    :

    ()= 1

    4 ()=

    1

    3 .

    3

    5 ,

    :

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    9. . ()=()

    ()=(), *

    {1} , ()=()= 1

    +1.

    10. .

    :

    )( )() )( )( )

    11. ()0,28 ()0,71. :

    ) ( )1,01-( ) ) , .

    12. 2004 ,

    . , 0

  • 20

    15.

    .

    ) . ,

    ) :

    i. :

    ii. : 2,

    iii. : 3 4.

    16. .:

    ={1,2,3,....,20}

    ={/= 2}

    ={/= 5}

    .

    ) ,, -.

    ) (),(),( ),(-).

    17. :

    ()= 2

    3 ,()=

    7

    12 ( )=

    1

    3

    :

    )() ) ( ) )(-) )(-)

    18. :

    ()= 1

    2 ,()=

    1

    4 ( )=

    5

    8

    :

    )( ) ) ( ) )(-) )[(-)]

    19. :

    ()= 2

    3 ,( )=

    1

    4 ( )=

    3

    4

    :

    )() )( ) )((-) (-)) )( )

    20. , ,

    ()= 1

    6 ()=

    2

    3. :

    )( ) )( ) )(-) )( ).

    21. .

    :

    60%

    70%

    10%

  • 21

    :

    ) ,

    ) ,

    ) .

    22. .

    :

    , 11

    15

    , 1

    5

    2

    5

    :

    ) ,

    ) ,

    ) ,

    ) ,

    ) .

    23. 55% , 40%

    30% .

    . :

    )

    )

    )

    )

    24. 120 ,24

    ,20

    12 2 .

    . :

    ) ;

    ) ;

    ) ;

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    22

    2

    +=+ =

    +(+)=(+)+ ()=()

    (+)=+ (+)=+

    +0= 1=

    -

    +(-)=0 1

    aa =1 0

    a 1. = =, (, 0)

    a 2. = = , (,, 0)

    a + +3. = = , (, 0)

    a +4. = = = , (,, (+) 0)

    +

    a + +5. = = , (,, 0, )

    - -

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    23

    :

    ........ , 2

    = ,=1

    1 ,=0

    : =0 00 ( ).

    + = =( )

    -

    =

    ( ) =

    =

    -

    1 = 0

    = 0

    :

    .

    2 2 21.(+) = +2+

    2 2 22.(-) = -2+

    3 3 2 2 33.(+) = +3 +3 +

    3 3 2 2 34.(-) = -3 +3 -

    2 25.(-)(+)= -

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    24

    2 2 2 26.(++) = + + +2+2+2

    3 3 2 27. + =(+)( -+ )

    3 3 2 28. - =(-)( ++ )

    -1 -2 -3 2 -19. - =(-)( + + +.......+ )

    -1 -2 -3 2 -2 -110. + =(-)( - + -.......- + )

    :

    .

    1.

    , ..

    .

    . (-).

    2.

    (

    )

    .

    .

    3.

    2 2(-)(+)= -

    4.

    ,

    :

    2 2 2(+) = +2+ 2 2 2(-) = -2+

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    25

    5.-

    :

    3 3 2 2 + =(+)( -+ ) 3 3 2 2 - =(-)( ++ )

    6.

    ) 2x +(a+)+ 2x

    , 2 (+) (

    , ) (

    ) :

    2x +(a+)+ =(+)(+)

    ) 2x ++ :

    2 1 2 , : 2x ++ =(- 1 )(- 2 )

    1 : 2x ++ = 2

    1(- )

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    26

    1. :

    ) 3 2 2a ) 2 5 2 3 46 3y y ) 3 25 8 5 8 v) 3 25 8 5 8

    v) 3 2 2 3y y y ) 8 4x y ) 2 4 664 36x y ) 38 27x ) 324 3a

    ) 4 4a

    2.: ) 236 12 1 ) 29 12 4 ) 24 8 4 ) 4 2 29 6 1y x y

    ) 2 7 12x x ) 2 5 4x x ) 2 5 6x x ) 24 24 28x x

    ) 23 12 15x x ) 2 30x x

    3.: ) 3 24 ( )a a ) 5 3 28 8 ) 2 2 2 2

    ) 2 2 3 3 2 ) 2 2( 9) 6 9 ) 3 3 3 3 1

    4. 2 .

    5. , :

    ) (+3)2 , .

    ) (-6)2 , .

    6. (-3)+(+3)=2, = -=3.

    7. :

    )

    23 3

    24 4

    )

    22 6

    2 2 312 4

    )

    3 320 20

    2 215 15 15

    y

    x xy y

    )

    25 6

    26 9

    x

    x x

    ) 2 2

    2 8

    24 8

    y

    x y x

    8. :

    )

    2 2 + +5+6

    = 2 2

    -4 -1 )

    2 2 +y +2xy =

    2 2x -y )

    2 2 +4+4 a +2a = :

    2 2-y a x-a y

    )

    2 3 -8+16 x -16x= :

    2 2 2x +2xy+y +y

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    27

    : , > ,

    - .:

    > ->0

    1. > > >

    2. > >

    :

    .

    3. > >

    a>

    >

    +>+

    : ( )

    .

    5. > > ,,,> >

    :

    .

    6. > > ,>

    > . , (5) :

    >

    >

    . - =

    .

    >

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    28

    . > . : = ,

    = (),

    < , < (). , > .

    , : =

    =

    = . , ,

    , =

    . = . :

    > , (4), > (),

    < , (4), < ().

    , = .

    1

    ,

    .

    .

    ! .

    : (2+1)(y2+4)(xy+2)2

    :

    x2y2+4x2+y2+4x2y2+4xy+4 x2y2+4x2+y2+4-x2y2-4xy-40 4x2+y2-4xy0

    (2x-y)20 I ,y .

    2

    .

    .

    : >>0, 1 17 7

    a - > -a

    , > 7>7 (1)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    29

    , ( ) 1 1 1 1

    > < - >-

    (2)

    (1)+(2) : 1 17 7

    a - > -a

    ,

    .

    .

    .: 2 2 3 3 + -

    2 -

    2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2

    2 + + 2 0 (-) 02

    2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 + - + (-)( ++ ) + 2 2

    ++2 - 2 - 2

    2- 0 (-) 0

    2 2 2 2 2 2 + 2 +2+2 2+ .

    , :

    -

    . :

    1. ->0 >.

    2. -

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    30

    1.

    >1 >.

    2.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    31

    1. ) 2 1 2 2 ) 3

    2 6 2 3

    2. ) 3 9 3( )

    ) 2 2 2 ( 2)

    ) 4 24 (4 )

    3. :

    ) ( 4 ) (2 ) ) ( ) ( 2 )

    ) ( )( ) (4 5 ) ) 24 ( 2 ) ( )

    4.: ) 22( 1) ( 1) 8 ) 2 225 2( 3) 8 (2 1)

    )2( 2) 1

    6 3 2

    )

    2( 5)2

    2 8

    5.: ) 2 4 5 0 ) 22 10 25 0 ) 2 1 0

    ) 4 27 16 0

    6. , :

    ) 2 2 20 4(2 ) ) 2 2( 1) 4 3(2 3) .

    7. 1 2 3 2

    : ) 4 3 ) 3 5

    ) 2 2 ) 1 1

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    32

    : , 0 = - ,

    :

    .

    1. ||=|-| 0

    2. || || -

    3. || 2

    = 2

    4. >0 = = =-

    5. = = =-

    6. ||=|| ||

    | | = || ||

    , :| | = || || | |2 = (|| ||)2 |

    |2 = ||2 ||2( )2 = 22, .

    7. =

    8. - + +

    | + |0

    10. - >0

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    33

    A

    .

    ,

    d(,)

    |- |. : d (, ) = | - |

    d (, ) = d (, ) .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    34

    =-(-2)+(2-4)-[-(-)]-[-(3-2-4)]=

    -+2+2-4+-+3-2-4=3--6.

    ,

    :

    1.

    .

    2.

    .

    3. ,

    .

    . =2+|+3|-|2-|

    : +3=0 =-3 2--0 =2.

    :

    - -3 2 +

    +3 - 0 + +

    2- + + 0 -

    :

    2: =2+(+3)-[-(2-)]=2++3+2-=2+5

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    35

    1. :

    ) 2 21 4x x ) 2 24 4 6 9x x x x

    ) 2( 1)( 1) 3 10 25x x x x

    2. 2 4x :

    )|-4|+ |-2| )|3-6|-|2-8| )5+|-4|-|8-4| )|3-6|-|4-2|-|2-|

    3. 4 1x

    : )|+4|-2|+1|+3|| )|2-3|-|1-3|+|-|

    4. :

    )|+1|+|+3| )|-2|-||2+4| )||+|-1|+|3-|

    )|+4|-2 +|-3| )|3-6|-|4-2|-|2-|

    5. =-d(,-3)+d(5,)

    :

    ) .

    ) ( ).

    6. :

    =|-|||+|+|||

    7. :

    a)|+y||x-2|+|y+2|

    )d(,)d(,3)+d(3,)

    8. :

    =|-3|-|+1|+|y-1|-|y+2|

    -13 -2y1

    a)Na .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    36

    ) .

    9. :

    )|+1|2-4=|-1|2

    )(||-||)2+2||=2+2

    10. :

    ) 3| +2|

    =||2|| +2

    ) 23||+

    =||||+3

    11. :

    ) 2

    12

    +1 )

    24 +9

    ||12

    12. |+|=|-| =0 =0.

    13. |2+|=|2|+||, , 0,

    .

    14. |3-2|=|3|+|2|, , 0,

    .

    15. d(9a,9)=d(a,0) =9 =3.

    16.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    37

    : ) a , .

    ) -

    , .

    , a 2 =

    , 2 =

    , 0 :

    :

    .

    =

    -

    , ( ) =

    , =|| :

    .

    = , 0. :

    =

    , 0.

    = 0.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    38

    :

    .

    = 0.

    :

    : ) 3,4

    , .

    ) 5, ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ) 6 , = .

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    39

    1. :

    ) 75 48 27 4 3 )2 45 80 245 3 5

    )3 18 72 50 10 2 )3 32 128 18 7 2

    2. :

    ) =( 12 48 27 ) 3 ) = ( 32 50 18) 8

    ) = ( 20 45)( 80 5)

    3. :

    ) = 2( 3 2) ) = 2( 6 7) )= 2( 3 2)

    4. :

    ) 7 4 3 ) 6 2 5 ) 11 6 2 ) 5 2 6

    5. R :

    ) 2 2 225 9x x x ) 2 216 4 3x x x

    6. 0 1x :

    2 2 2 1A x x x

    7. 2 3y : = 2 24 4 6 9y y y y

    8. 1 3x : = 2 22 1 6 9

    1 3

    x x x x

    x x

    9. :

    ) 3 5 62 2 ) 3 5 74 123 3 )4 11

    8 3

    6

    6 ) 6 923 137 7

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    40

    10. : )

    1

    2 )

    10

    5 )

    3

    1

    2 )

    8 5

    12

    9 )

    1

    5 2 )

    3

    6 2

    )3

    5 2 )

    3

    5 3 )

    33

    1

    3 2 )

    3 3

    1

    4 2

    11. 0a :

    ) 4 23a a a ) 3 5 74 4a a )5 3 6 3a a ) 5 6 34 8a a

    12. :

    ) 3 6a a ) 6 4a a ) 3 9a a ) 3 44 a a

    13. : ) 5 3 2 ) 5 2 3 10

    14. : ) 46 6 4 ) 6 2 2 3 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    41

    3

    1

    ( ),

    ,

    +=0 :

    ) a o

    =-

    ) =0 0==- :

    ( ) =0 : 0=0 () 0 :0=

    1.

    3(+1) -2=2(-2) +1 3+3-2=2-4+1

    3-2-2=-4+1-3 -=-6 =6

    2. 3-(+1) = -2(-1) 3- -1 = -2+2

    -- +2 =2-3+1 0 = 0

    3. 2+3(-1)=3-2 2+3-3=3-2 3-3=-2+3-2

    0=-1

    1. |()|= :

    ,

    () (

    , ,

    (-) , (-)

    ).

    ,

    |()|= ()=

    .

    : ) ||=0 =0

    ) ||=

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    42

    : :

    4-5|-3| |3 9| 3|6 2 | 6

    12 2

    4-5|-3| |3 9| 3 |6 2 | 612 2

    4-5|-3| |3(-3)|-3- =|-2(-3)|-6

    12 2

    4-5|-3| 3|(-3)|-3 - =2|(-3)|-6

    12 2

    4-5|-3| 3|-9|-312 -12 =12 2|-3|-12 6

    12 24-5|-3|-6(3|-3|-3)=24|-3|-72

    4-5|-3|-18|-3|+18=24|-3|-72

    -5|-3|-18|-3|-24|-3|=-72-18-4 -47|-3|=-94 |-3|=2-3=2 -3=-2 =5 =1

    2. |()|=|()|

    ,

    |()|=|()|.

    ()=() ()=-().

    : 2|3-|-|2+5|=0

    2|3-|-|2+5|=0 2|3-|=|2+5| 2(3-)=2+5

    2(3-)=-(2+5) (6-2=2+5 4=1 1=4

    ) (6-2=-2-5

    0=1 )

    3. |()|=()

    () :

    ) () 0 ()=()

    () 0.

    ) ()

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    43

    : |x-4|=5-2x

    -4 0 4,:

    |-4|=5-2 -4=5-2 3=9 =3

    4

    -4

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    44

    2 (-2)(+2) 0 -2 0 2 +2 0 -2

    (-2) -2 = =

    (-2)(+2) +2

    ) ,

    .

    ( (1) )

    =2 : 0=0

    =-2 : 0=16

    = :

    >0, = .

    0, = .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    45

    (=0)

    2 2 2 +=0 =- =- 0

    :

    - 0, = - .

    - 0, .

    (=0) , 2 +=0 (+)=0

    =0 +=0

    =-

    =- 0

    2 ++=0

    :

    2

    22

    2

    2

    2

    22

    2220

    2

    4

    4

    2

    4

    4

    2

    2

    2

    2

    0

    0

    = 2 - 4, : 2

    2

    4

    2

    (2)

    :

    > 0, :

    (2), (1), :

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    46

    = 0, (2) :

    2

    2

    0

    2

    0

    2

    0

    2

    2

    0

    2

    2

    2

    0 2

    1,2-

    2

    =0 1 1,2

    -

    2

    0 .

    0

    ) 1 , =0

    .

    ) ,

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    47

    1. 24 +8=0 4(+2)=0 4=0 +2=0

    =0 =-2

    2.

    32-9=0 32=9 2=3 = 3

    3.

    2 2

    2 2

    1,2

    1 2

    2-1=(-6)(+6) 2-1= -36 -2-35=0

    = -4 =(-2) -4 1 (-35)=4+140=144

    - 2 144 212 =

    2 2 1 214 -10

    = =7 = =-52 2

    4

    2

    2 2 2

    , :

    +(+1)++4=0

    .

    =0

    (+1) 4 1 (+4)=0 +2+1-4-16=0 -2-12

    1,2

    5=0

    =(-2) -4 1 (-15)=64

    2 64 2 8 5 -3

    2 1 2

    A

    2++-0 0 -+

    =1 2

    -- =2 2

    ,:

    S=

    + =-1 2

    =

    =1 2

    Vieta.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    48

    2++-0 0 1 2 S= 1+ 2

    = 1 2 Q

    x2-Sx+P=0

    :

    S= 1+ 2 = 1 2

    ,

    1 2,:

    ) (, ..)

    ) :

    12+2

    2=(1+2)2-212

    13+2

    3=(1+2)(12-12+2

    2)

    . 2+3-5=0.

    ) 1,2 .

    ) :

    ) 1+ 2 ) 1 2 ) 12+2

    2 ) 13+2

    3 ) 1 1

    + 1 2

    ) 2 1+ 1 2

    ) =32-4 1 (-5)=9+20=29>0 .

    ) ) 3

    + =- =- =-31 2 1 )

    -5= = = =-51 2 1

    ) 12+2

    2=(1+2)2-212=(-3)

    2-2 (-5)=19

    ) 13+2

    3=(1+2)(12-12+2

    2)=(-3)[19-(-5)]=-72

    ) +1 1 -3 31 2+ = = =

    -5 5 1 2 1 2

    )

    2 2 + 19 192 1 1 2+ = = =-

    -5 5 1 2 1 2

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    49

    2++-0 0 :

    1. 0 S=0

    2. 0 =1

    . 32+(+2)+-1=0.

    :

    ) )

    )=(+2)2-4 3(-1)=2+4+4-12+12=2-8+16=(-4)20

    S= +2

    - =0 - =0 +2=0 =-2 3

    .

    ) =(+2)2-4 3(-1)=2+4+4-12+12=2-8+16=(-4)20

    = -1

    =1 =1 -1=3 =4 3

    [()]2 +()+=0 0

    ()=y y2+y+=0 ,

    , ()=y .

    (2+1)2-7(2+1)+10=0

    2+1=y y2-7y+10=0 2

    1,2

    =(-7) 4 1 10 49 40 9

    7 9 73y = = = 5 2

    2 1 2

    T 2 2

    2 2

    +1=5 1 2

    4 1

    = 2 = 1

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    50

    2+||+=0

    ||2=2

    ,

    ||2+||+=0 y=||. y

    y=|| .

    2-6||+8=0

    y=|x| ||2 -6||+8=0

    =(-6)2-4 1 8=4

    1,2

    6 4 6 2 4 2

    2 2y

    ||=4 ||=2

    = 4 = 2

    2++=0 0

    =

    2++=0. =

    .

    4-22-8=0 (

    =2)

    =2 2-2-8=0

    =(-2)2-4 1 (-8)=36

    1,2

    2 36 2 6 4 -2

    2 2

    2 =4 2 =-2

    = 2

    :

    .

    .. (

    .. ).

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    51

    .. .

    .

    .

    2

    +10 2- =

    +2 -4 -2

    -10 2 -10 2

    - = - = : +2 0 -2 02+2 -2 +2 (-2)(+2) -2 -4

    -10 2(-2)(+2) -(-2)(+2) =(-2)(+2)

    +2 (-2)(+2) -2

    2(-2)-(-10)=2(+2) -2-+10=2+4

    2 -5+6= 20 =(-5) 4 1 6 1

    5 1 51 = = = 3 21,2 2 2

    =2 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    52

    1. : )

    ) )3 2 5 4

    4 6 12

    )5 14 7

    3( 3)2 4 2

    2. : ) )2

    1 3 5

    2 3 3 2

    )2

    1 1

    5 6 3 2

    )

    2

    3 4 2( 1)

    1 2 3 2

    )2 2 2

    1 1 1

    3 2 2 4

    3.N :

    ) ) 1 4

    23

    x )

    3 35

    2 3

    x x

    )4 2 4 10

    52 9

    x x )

    3 6 2 38

    2 3 6

    x x x

    )10 5 5 20 4 4 6 6x x x ) 2 1 4x x

    ) 3 7x x )2 3 4 5 0x x )1 3 2

    04 6

    x x

    4.N :

    ) 3 1x ) |||-2|=5 ) |5-|2-1||=4 ) ||-1|+4|=7

    ) |1-|3-2||=6 ) ||+3| -2|=|-5| ) 7 2 3 6 4x

    ) ) 2 24 4 4 0x x x ) 3 2 0x x x x

    ) 23 0x x x

    5.N :

    )|2-8|=2-8 )|2|-4|-+3=0 ) -2|+4|=1

    5 4 5 2 1

    12 3 5

    2 _3 2 3

    10 2 5

    2

    2

    4 3 3 8

    2 2 4

    2 3 6 18 0x

    2 23 9 0x x x

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    53

    6.N :

    ) ) 2( 6) 9( 1 )

    ) 2(2 1) 2(1 2 ) ( 1) ) 22( 2 ) (4 ) 0

    ) 2( 2) ( 1) 0 ) 2 2 22 ( 1) 2 ( 1)

    ) 23( ) 2 ( ) ( 1) ) 2 2( 8)( 1) 2 (3 ) 2

    7. : ) ) 4 81x ) 6 21x

    ) 5 32x ) 7 48 0x x ) 5 325 16x x ) 5 22 16 0x x

    ) 4 28 0x x .

    8. : ) )2 4 4 0

    ) 2 2 8 0 ) 2 3 4 0 ) 2 5 6 0

    ) 2 6 5 0 ) 2 5 7 0 ) 22 8 10 0

    ) 29 6 1 0 ) 23 5 2 0 ) 24 12 9 0

    ) 22 7 6 0 ) 22 6 11 0

    9.: ) 2 16 0 ) 22 18 0 ) 23 12 0

    ) 236 16 0 ) 2 3 0 ) 22 8 0 ) 25 30 0

    ) 27 35 0 ) 22 8 0 ) 23 27 0

    10. : ) 2( 2)( 5 4) 0 ) 2 2( 4 )( 7 6) 0

    ) 2 2(3 48)( 4 32) 0 ) 2 2( 9 8)( 5 7) 0

    11.: ) (3 10) 3( 2) ) 1 (3 5 ) ( 2)

    ) 4( 2) 4 ( 3)( 3) ) 2( 1) 4 5(2 1)

    ) 2 2( 2) ( 1)( 1) ( 3) 6 )2 3 ( 1)( 1) 3

    6 3 2

    ) 2

    24(1 7 ) 3 (7 1) 2 1025 5

    ) 2(3 2) (2 1) 2 6

    13 6 2

    2( 1) ( 1 )

    3 64x

    2 2 3 0

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    54

    12. :

    ) 2 (2 ) 6 0x ) 22 (3 2) ( 2) 0

    ) 2 (2 ) ( ) 0 ) 22 ( 3) 1 0

    13.

    :

    ) 2 2 22 2 1 0 ) 2 2 2( ) 0 , 0

    ) 21

    ( ) 1 0 0.

    14. 4. )

    ) .

    15. 2 12 0 (1) 2 2(2 9) 6 0

    (2). (1) (2). : ) )

    (2).

    16. 2 18 21 0 6. :

    ) ) .

    17. 2 16 20 0 10. :

    ) ) .

    18. 1 2, 2 3 1 0 ,

    : ) 1 2 ) 1 2 )2 2

    1 2 )3 3

    1 2 )

    1 2

    1 1 ) 2 1

    1 2

    .

    19. 1 2, 2 5 4 0 ,

    : ) 1 2 ) 1 2 )2 2

    1 2 )3 3

    1 2 2 1 )

    2

    1 2( ) ) 2 21 2

    1 1.

    2 ( 1) 1 0

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    55

    20. 1 2,

    22 3 4 0 ,

    : )1 2

    )1 2

    ) 2 21 2

    ) 2 21 2

    )

    1 2( 1)( 1) ) 1 2(2 3)(2 3) .

    21. 1 2,

    22 3 4 0 ,

    : )1 2

    )1 2

    ) 2 21 2

    ) 1 2

    2 1

    )

    1 2 ) 1 2 .

    22. : )2

    4 ) -3 5 ) -6 1 ) -4 -1 ) 1

    2 -2 )

    2

    3 6.

    23. : )-2

    +2 ) 1+ 1- ) 2 .

    24. 1 2,

    2 3 1 0 ,

    :

    ) 12 22 )

    2

    1 2

    2 )1

    1

    2

    1 ) 1

    2 2

    2.

    25. 1 2,

    2 5 2 0 ,

    :

    ) 13 23 ) 1 2 ) 1

    1

    2

    1 ) 21

    2

    2 .

    26. 1 2, 2 4 2 0 ,

    :

    ) 2

    1

    1

    2

    2

    1 )

    2

    1

    2

    2

    2

    1

    ) 21 1 2 2

    2 1 2

    ) 1

    1

    3 1

    3 2

    2

    3 1

    3.

    27. : 2 ( 1) 2 6 0x

    ) .

    ) : )

    ).

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    56

    28. : 22 ( 5) 3 0x .

    .

    29. : 2 ( 1) 0x .

    .

    30. : 2 4( 1) 8 1 0x . ) 1 2,

    ) =(1-2)(

    2-2)

    .) 2 21 2 1 1 2 2 64 .

    31. :

    ) ) 2 5 | | 4 0x ) 2 4 3| |x

    ) 23 | | 2 3(| | 1) ) 2 | 6 | 40 0

    32. :

    ) 4 25 4 0 ) 4 28 9 0 ) 4 24 17 4 0

    ) 4 27 10 0 ) 4 25 6 0

    33. :

    ) 6 37 8 0 ) 6 38 7 1 0 ) 8 417 16 0

    ) 8 416 15 1 0

    34. :

    ) 6 8 0 ) 4 3 0 ) 5 4 0

    35. :

    ) 2( 5) 2( 5) 3 0 ) 2(2 1) 2(2 1) 15 0

    ) 2 2 2( 1) 7( 1) 10 0 ) 2( 1) 3 | 1| 4 0

    ) 2( 5) 3 | 5 | 10 0 ) 25 (2 1) 4 |1 2 |

    2 2 | | 3 0x

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    57

    36.:

    ) 2

    3 61

    2 2 )

    2

    4 1 1

    1 1 1

    ) 2

    10 2

    4 2 2 )

    2 2

    4 4

    1 1

    ) 2 2

    4 4

    1 1 )

    2 2

    5 20 14

    2 4 2

    37.:

    ) 1

    21

    1

    ) 1 4

    1 1 41

    )2

    2

    1 1 11 1

    )

    2 41 1

    7

    1 2 31

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    58

    4

    1

    ,

    1 :

    (

    , )

    (

    ,

    ).

    : x-3 5 1014 2 4

    x x

    2x-4 x+5 10+x 2x-4 x+5 10+x-

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    59

    ,

    .

    :

    7- 4-5(x-2) 13-3(x+1) 1-

    4 2

    :

    4-5(x-2) 13-3(x+1) 4-5+10 13-3-3 -5+3 13-3-4-10

    -2 -4 2

    :

    7- 7- 1- > 4 1-4 >4 4-(7-)>2 4-7+>2

    4 2 4 2-2>7-4 ->3 10 >2.

    2(-1)-3(4-)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    60

    2-2-12+3

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    61

    |()|< |()|

    |()|> |()|

    .

    |()|0 x R- x/A(x)=0

    |()| 0 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    62

    x2 + x + , 0 :

    2

    2222222

    4

    4

    2

    4

    4

    2

    2)

    (

    :

    2

    22

    4

    2

    (1)

    :

    >0 . , :

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    4

    2

    22

    2

    22

    : x2 + x + = (x - x1)(x - x2) , x1, x2 . , >0,

    .

    = 0 . (1) : 2

    2

    2

    , = 0,

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    63

    2

    2 ++ =2-

    4 :

    >0 , 1,2

    - 1 2 + 2++

    >0, , , : x2 + x + = (x - x1)(x - x2) , x1, x2

    x1 0. , (1), .

    x1 < x < x2 (), x - x1 > 0 x - x2 < 0, (x - x1)(x - x2) < 0.

    , (1),

    x1 < x2 < x (), x - x1 > 0 x - x2 > 0, (x - x1)(x - x2) > 0.

    , (1),

    =0 , 1,2

    - 1,2 + 2++

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    64

    = 0, : 2

    2

    2

    ,

    2

    ,

    2

    0 , =32-4 1 (-10)=49

    1,2

    3 49 3 7

    2 2x 1=-5 2=2

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    65

    - -5 2 + 2+3-10 + - +

    . (- ,-5) (2,+ )x

    ) -2+2-1

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    66

    2++>0 ( )

    :

    0 ( )

    2++

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    67

    2. 42+4(2-1)+4-3>0 R.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    68

    : (-2)(2+6+9)(2-3-4)(2-+2)0 B(x)

    , () 0

    A(x)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    69

    2x-3 0 (-3)(

    2x 3 10x 3 10) 0

    xx

    -3=0 =3 2-3-10=0 =5 =-2

    - -2 3 5 + 2-3-10 + 0 - - 0 +

    -3 - - 0 + +

    - + - +

    (- ,-2) (3,5).

    )

    2+2-3 0 1 -3 .

    2 2

    2 9)(x+2)(x0

    2x 2 3(x+2)(x 9)(x 2 3) 0

    xx

    - -3 -2 1 3 + +2 - - 0 + + +

    2-9 + 0 - - - 0 +

    2+2-3 + 0 - - 0 + +

    - - + - +

    (- ,-3) (-3,-2] (1,3].

    -3 1

    .

    A(x)

    B(x)

    ...

    :

    ( ).

    .

    A(x)

    B(x) ,

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    70

    : ) 2x-1

    12x 4

    ) 4 10

    2x+1 1x 1

    xx

    ) 2-4 0 2

    -1 0 022x-1 2x-1 2x-1 x 4

    12 2 2 2x 4 x -4 x 4 x 4

    2 22x-1-x +4 -x 2 3 2 20 0 (-x 2 3)(x 4) 02 2x -4 x 4

    xx

    - -2 -1 2 3 + -2+2+3 - - 0 + + 0 -

    2-4 + 0 - - 0 + +

    - + - + -

    (-2,-1] (2,3]

    -2 2

    .

    ) 2-1 0 1

    4 10 4 102x+1 1 x+1 1(x+1)(-1)x 1

    x xx x

    (+1)

    (-1)

    4(-1) 10(x+1)(-1) (x-1)(+1)

    (+1)- + 0

    (-1)

    4(-1) 10(x+1)(-1) (x-1)(+1)

    04(-1)-10+(+1)

    (x+1)(-1)

    20

    4-4-10+ +(x+1)(-1)

    20

    +5-14(x+1)(-1)

    20( +5-14)(-1)(+1) -1=0 =1 +1=0 =-1

    2+5-14=0 =-7 =2

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    71

    -7 -1 1 2

    2+5-14 + o - - - o +

    -1 - - - o + +

    +1 - - o + + +

    + - + - +

    (- ,-7] (-1,1) [2,+ ]

    -1 1

    .

    - +

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    72

    1. : )3( 2) 5( 1) 3 2( 3)

    )4 3 2

    23 6 4

    )

    3 53 2

    2 2

    )3 5 10

    14 2 4

    2.

    :

    )3( 1) 2 1 2( 3) 2

    )1

    12

    4 41

    4 8

    )1 2 1

    32 2

    20 3 306

    7 7

    )4 3 6

    5 15

    5

    4 2 4

    3. :

    )3 5 1 7 5 )2( 1) 3 3( 1)

    ) 5 4( 2) 2( 3) 5(2 ) 4

    )4 2 3 2

    2( 1)3 2

    )5 5( 3)

    13 6

    4. :

    ) 1

    3 13

    x )

    2 4 44 5

    3

    xx

    )

    15 2 98 2 7

    2

    xx

    ) 1 2 2 5 5 6x x x )6 3 4 8 3

    2 1 28 5

    x xx

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    73

    5.:

    ) 1 5 3x ) 3 2 1 5x )5 3 1 8x )4 6 2 10x

    6.:

    ) 4 1 0x x ) 4 2 3x x )3

    3 22

    xx

    7. :

    )2

    ( )3

    xf x

    x

    )

    5 2( )

    13

    xf x

    x

    )

    5 2( )

    2 2 1

    xf x

    x x

    ) ( ) 4 20f x x

    ) ( ) 6f x x )3

    ( )5

    xf x

    x

    )

    3( )

    3

    xf x

    x

    ) ( ) 2 6f x x x )2 2

    1 6( )

    2 9

    xf x

    x x x

    )

    1( ) 5

    3f x x

    x

    8. :

    ) 2 2 3 0x x ) 2 3 4 0x x ) 2 4 12 0x x

    ) 23 4 4 0x x ) 2 4 4 0x x ) 22 4 2 0x x

    ) 2 8 16 0x x ) 2 2 3 0x x ) 23 3 1 0x x

    ) 23 6 3 0x x .

    9.:

    ) 2 5 0 ) 2 3 0 ) 22 5 0 ) 2 6 0 ) 2 9 0

    ) 2 7 ) 22 4 ) 2 .

    10.:

    ) 2 ) 4( 5) ( 4)( 4) 0 ) 22( 3)( 3) ( 1) 4

    11. :

    ) 2 2 3 0 2 2 0 ) 2 2 0 2 2 8 0

    ) 2 4 5 0 2 4 0 ) 2 6 0 2 2 1 0

    ) 2 5 4 0 2 2 8 0 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    74

    12. :

    ) 23 2 8 )4( 1) ( 7) 2(2 5)

    13. 2 14 50

    5 26.

    14.a :

    ) 2( ) 4 5f x ) 2( ) 9f x )2

    2( )

    7

    xf x

    x x

    ) 2

    2

    3 10( )

    4 3

    x xf x

    x x .

    15. , f

    :

    ) 2( ) 3 10f x x x ) 2( ) 3 4 4f x x x .

    16. , f

    :

    ) 2( ) 3 4f x x x ) 2( ) 2 3 5f x x x .

    17. , f

    g:

    ) 2( ) 4 6f x x x ( ) 2 3g x x

    ) 2( ) 4 8f x x x 2( ) 3 4g x x x .

    18. 2 ( 3) 6 0x 2

    .

    19 . 2 ( 5) 3 7 0x

    .

    20. 2( 1) 4 2 0, 1x

    .

    21. 2 ( 3) 0, 0x

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    75

    22 . 24 4(2 1) 4 3 0

    .

    23. : 2( 2) 2 2 3 0 .

    24. :

    ) 2( 2)( 2 3) 0 ) 2( 3)( 4 3) 0

    ) 2 2( 4)( 3 10) 0 ) 2 2( 3 4)( 3 2) 0

    25.:

    ) 2 2( 6)( 2) 0 ) 2 2(9 )(2 ) 0

    ) 2 2(16 )(4 2 )( 2 1) 0

    26. :

    )2

    04

    )5

    01

    ) 1

    04

    )2

    30

    4 5 )

    2250

    2

    )2 2 3

    02

    .

    27.:

    ) 2

    2

    ( 2)(9 )

    2 30 )

    2 2

    2

    ( 1)( 6)

    2 80 )

    2

    2

    ( 3)( 1)0

    4

    28.:

    )2 5

    42

    ) 8

    2 1 )

    2

    2

    2 4 51

    2 )

    2

    3 13

    3 3

    ) 1 2

    11 1

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    76

    5

    A

    : *

    R.

    a: * R

    H

    :

    +1,.-1,

    .

    (.)

    : ,

    .

    .

    +1=+ +1-=

    - . : =1+(-1)

    :

    =1+(-1)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    77

    . : ,, .

    :

    , ,

    , :

    , , ,

    , , .

    : ,,

    :

    1. ,

    +

    2.

    2. O 1,2,3,........., + +......+1 2

    2.

    . :

    - ,

    :

    = ( + ) 12S

    ,

    , :

    = [2 +(-1)] 12S .

    .

    i) - , +1

    +1- .

    +2=+ =

    2

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    78

    S :

    ii)

    -1S

    1 2 -1 -1 -1S = + +....+ + S =S + S -S

    .

    . : ) =3-5 .

    ) ()

    2S =2 - , ..

    ) +1 +1=3(-1)-5=3-2.

    +1- =3-2-(3-5)=3-2-3+5=3

    . =3 =1: 1 =-2

    ) 22=2 -1 -(-1)=2 -5+3-1S

    2 -5-3) =4-3= -1

    2 S -S =2 --(2

    +1=4(+1)-3=4+1 +1-=4+1-(4-3)=4

    . =4 1 =1

    .

    .

    =1+(-1) 1,.

    .

    . 7 9, 4

    9 16. .

    1

    3

    +3 +8 +11 1 1

    = +6 +6=9 +6=9 7 1 1 1 1 + =16 + =16 2 =16 =294

    ,

    ,, .:

    i. , 1=, +2=

    ii. =1+(-1)

    .

    iii.

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    79

    .

    7 2 50

    ..

    2,1, 2, 3,........, 7,50 1=2 9=1+8 50=2+8 8=48

    =6.

    2,8,14,20,26,32,38,44,50.

    .

    i. 1, 3,5,...... .

    =2

    ii. 2, 4,6,...... .

    =2 .

    .,

    i.

    . :

    .....,-3,-2,-,,+,+2,+3,......

    ii. .

    -, +

    :

    .....,-5,-3,-,+,+3,+5,......

    .

    ) .

    20 -560.

    ) .

    4 105.

    ) : -2,-,,+,+2

    -2+-+++++2=20 5=20 =4.

    (-2)(-)(+)(+2)=-560 (4-2)(4-)4(4+)(4+2)=-560

    4(16-2)(16-42)=-560 16(16-2)(4-2)=-560 (16-2)(4-2)=-35

    4-202+99=0.

    2= 2-20+99=0

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    80

    =11 =9 2

    11 = 11

    . 2

    9 = 3 . =3 =4 -2,1,4,7,10

    =-3 =4 10,7,4,1,-2

    -2,1,4,7,10

    ) -3,-,+,+3

    -3+-++++3=4 4=4 =1

    (-3)(-)(+)(+3)=105 (2-92)(2-2)=105 94-102-104=0

    2=26

    9 2=4 = 2

    =2 =1 -5,-1,3,7

    =-2 =1 7,3,-1,-5

    -5,-1,3,7

    : ,

    . .

    +1

    =

    = +1

    - . : =1-1

    :

    , =1-1

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    81

    . 1 0( 0)

    0 0( 0)

    . : ,, .

    :

    2=

    , , ,

    , , , 0 2 = ,

    , ,

    . .

    : , ,

    , 2 =

    ,.

    .

    .

    4 . ,,, 2= 2=

    =.

    . :

    -1S = 1 1 -1

    . 1 , :

    - -1 - -+1 1 11 1S = = = = 1 -1 -1-1 -1

    (1)

    (1)

    (2)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    82

    (2) (1) :

    , 1, :

    : -1,

    Sv = 1 1.

    .

    - , +1

    +1

    .

    S :

    -1S

    1 2 -1 -1 -1S = + +....+ + S =S + S -S

    .

    . ) - +1

    3 = -1

    2.

    . 1,.

    ) S=2(3-1).

    . 1,.

    ) +1 +2

    3 = +1 2

    .

    3-(-1) -13 2

    2

    +23

    +2 -1 3 2 +2-(+1)+1 2= 3 2+1 +1 3 3 2-1

    2

    . = 3

    2 1=9

    ) -1 S-1=2(3-1-1)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    83

    =S-S-1=2(3-1)- 2(3-1-1)=

    3 4

    2 3 2 33 3

    .

    4 +13+1 3 3

    4 33

    . . =3 1=4.

    ,

    , ,

    .,:

    1,2,...., .

    . , 1,2,....,,.

    1= +2= +2=1+1 =+1

    =

    +1 ,

    +1 ,

    =1-1

    .

    . 2

    9 162 5 ,

    .

    1,2,3,4,5 2

    9, 1,2,3,4,5,162

    . 1=2

    9 7=162 , :

    7=162 16=162

    2

    9 6=162 6=729 = 3 .

    =3 : 2

    9,2

    3,2,6,18,54,162

    =-3 : 2

    9,-

    2

    3,2,-6,18,-54,162

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    84

    .

    () . ,:

    1,3,5,....., .

    =2.

    2,4,6,....., .

    =2.

    1,2

    ,3,..... . =

    .,

    ., .

    : 2

    ....., , , ,,, ,....3 2

    .,

    2 ., 3

    ....., , , ,, ,....5 3

    .

    ) 3 .

    8, 21/8.

    ) 4 .

    64, .

    )

    ,,

    3 =8 8 =2

    :

    12 2+4+4=21 -17+4=0 =4 =

    4

    1 1 21 1 1 21+ + = + + = 4 4

    8 2 2 2 8

    =2 =4: 1

    2,2,8

    =2 = 1

    4 : 8,2,

    1

    2.

    1

    2,2,8

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    85

    1. 15 : 7, 15, 23, 31, ..

    2. () : 8 = 22 14 = 40.

    .

    3. 2 92.

    20 .

    4. 1 = 23, = - 2 = 5.

    S.

    5. : 1 = 3, = 4 S = 136.

    .

    6. : 1 = 1, = 25 S = 91. .

    7. () :

    1 42 + 43 5 = 0

    8. . : 4+12=0 7+19=-30.

    :

    ) ,

    ) =.

    9. . 3+4+12=10 13 8.

    :

    ) ,

    ) 23

    ) =2.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    86

    10. R + 1 2 + 3

    1 .

    11.

    16. .

    12. , :3+, 2(-), -5,

    .

    13. ,, .

    (+)2-2 , (+)2-2, (+)2-2.

    14. ,, :

    + +, + ,

    + + + +

    .. :

    2 , 2 , 2

    .

    15. :

    )1+4+7+....+94 )-5-1+3+7+....+135 )-6-9-12-.....-114

    16. :

    ) 50 3.

    ) 40 5.

    ) 21 153.

    ) 5 31 206.

    17. . 16 50, 6 11

    40. 31 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    87

    18. . 1=45 6+11=0. .

    19. . =4 21=316.

    .

    20. . 6=8 11=23. :

    ) ,

    ) 14,

    ) S=15+16+...+25

    21. - : =5-8,

    ., .

    22. N*, () :

    S = 22 5, () 1 .

    23. N* S = 32 ( ),

    () .

    24. 6 50 10 ,

    .. .

    25. . 55,

    695.

    26. 4 ., 20,

    25

    24.

    27. :

    ) (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) + .. + (x + 60) = 1050

    ) 1 + 7 + 13 + .. + x = 280, x >0

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    88

    28. 20 .

    . 1

    16 , 7 28 .

    ) 10 ;

    ) 4 10 ;

    ) 6 , 9

    , 12 ,

    ;

    ) ;

    29. 12

    1200/m2 100/m2

    .

    ) m2 ;

    ) 82 m2 ;

    ) 200 m2,

    ;

    30. . 1=48 5=3. 5 .

    31. . 6=-108 3=4. :

    )

    ) 5

    32. : 1 = 6, = 2 = 3072. .

    33. x R : 1x , 4 1x5 , 3x

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    89

    34. , , 23-2 , ., ,, 0,

    , , , ..

    35. 7 :

    192,96,48,......

    36. :

    )5+10+20+....+640

    )4-8+16-.....-8192

    37. x, , z 147, x, , z

    , x, z,

    .

    38. :

    ) 3 + 32 + 33 + .. + 3x = 120, x N*

    ) 1 + x + x2 + x3 + .. + x39 = 0

    39. 21

    27.

    40. - =3 2.

    ) .

    .

    ) 6 .

    41. - = 24-, R .

    ) .

    ) 7 127, .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    90

    42. 2 486 4 ,

    .

    43.

    42 512.

    44. 4

    4096 .

    45. .

    ) 10 ,

    6 .

    )

    33 . 10 .

    i. 20 .

    ii.

    ;

    46.

    .

    20 .

    ) 7 ;

    ) 5 ;

    ) 7

    1000 ,

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    91

    47.

    .:

    )4,2,1,... )9,-3,1.... )18,12,8,...

    48. . 1=18 , ||

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    92

    6

    :

    ()

    .

    ,:

    .

    y f(x) f .

    , y .

    =f(A) .

    :

    f:

    f(x)

    f:

    , :

    A

    A .

    ( ),

    f(x) ( ).

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    93

    :f()=+-1

    -1+......+1+0

    , = .

    : P(x)

    f(x)=Q(x)

    () Q(x) ,

    ,

    : ={ /Q(x) 0 }

    : f(x)= A(x) ,

    A= x /A(x) 0

    : 1

    f(x)=A(x)

    ,

    : A= x /A(x)>0

    :

    ,

    ,

    .

    : :

    ) x-5

    f(x)=2

    x +2x-3 ) f(x)= 2x-6+x-1 )

    3-x-2f(x)=

    2x+8 )

    1f(x)= x+2-

    x-3

    ) 2+2-3 0 1 -3.

    = -{-3,1}

    ) 2-60 26 3

    [3,+ )

    ) 3-0 3 2+8>0 2>-8 >-4

    -4

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    94

    ().:

    3x-2, a 1f(x)=

    2-x +2x+8,

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    95

    1. :

    ) 3 2

    ( )12 4

    xf x

    x

    )

    2

    1( )

    4f x

    x

    )

    2

    2

    9( )

    3 4

    xf x

    x x

    ) 3 6

    ( )1

    xf x

    x

    )

    3( )

    1

    xf x

    x

    )

    2

    2 3 4( )

    3 4 3

    xf x

    x x x

    ) 2 2

    2 3 4( )

    4 9 4 3

    xf x

    x x x

    )

    3 2

    5 3( )

    4 4

    xf x

    x x x

    ) 4

    5 3( )

    27

    xf x

    x x

    )

    6 2

    2( )

    16

    xf x

    x x

    2..:

    )2

    ( )3

    xf x

    x

    )

    5 2( )

    13

    xf x

    x

    )

    5 2( )

    2 2 1

    xf x

    x x

    ) ( ) 4 20f x x

    ) ( ) 6f x x )3

    ( )5

    xf x

    x

    )

    3( )

    3

    xf x

    x

    ) ( ) 2 6f x x x )2 2

    1 6( )

    2 9

    xf x

    x x x

    )

    1( ) 5

    3f x x

    x

    3.:

    )

    2f(x)= x -4x-5

    )

    2f(x)= 9-x

    )

    x+2f(x)=

    2x -7x )

    2x-1f(x)=

    2-2x +x+6

    )

    2f(x)= 2x -4x+3

    )

    5-xf(x)=

    29x -6x+1

    4.:

    )

    2-x +3x+10

    f(x)=x-2 )

    32 2f(x)= x -x-2+ -x +2x+15 )

    2-x -3x+10

    f(x)=2x +4x+3

    )

    3 2x +2x-3f(x)=

    2x -16

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    96

    5. :

    2x-5, 0f(x)=

    2-x +3, 0

    x

    x

    ) f;

    ) :

    )f(-3) )f 5

    2 )f(-1) )f(0) )f

    1

    2 )f( - 3 ).

    6. :

    3x-1, x

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    97

    a)Na f.

    ) f(-2) f(13).

    9. f: :

    f(x+2)=3f(2)-2(x-3)

    . :

    ) f(2)

    ) f() .

    10. f: :

    f(2-1)=42-6 -f(3)

    . :

    ) f(3)

    ) f() .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    98

    -

    : yy

    y,

    , .

    yy .

    (,) ,

    .

    yy xy

    .

    y=0,

    (,0).

    yy =0,

    (0,y).

    (x,y) ,:

    y=0

    yy =0.

    (0,0).

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    99

    4 ,

    :

    (,y) :

    1 , ,y>0.

    2 , 0.

    3 , ,y0 y

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    100

    1. (2+4,3-) .

    .

    2.

    : )( 2 9a , 2 2 3a a ) )(||-2, 2 5 6a a )

    )( |2-5|-3 ,|-3|-2).

    3. (3,5) (-1,2) (-1,-2)

    :) ) yy ) )

    1 3 .

    4. (2-7,3-y) (-5,1). ,y ,

    : ) ) yy )

    ) 1 3 .

    5. :

    )(2,4) (5,8) )(-3,-4) (3,4) )(-5,1) (7,6) )(-7,-3) (-3,0)

    6. (-1,-2) (,1) =5.

    7. (1,4) ,(5,2) (-2,-2)

    .

    8. (-2,3) (1,5).

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    9. (2,6) 10.

    10. yy (-2,1)

    13 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    101

    : f A .

    y, (,f(x)),

    f.

    H f Cf.

    : (,) f

    , : f()=

    ;

    f

    f(x). f

    . (

    ) f .

    . (

    ).

    :

    :

    y=f(x) y=0 f(x)=0

    ( ) .

    yy:

    y=f(x) =0. y=f(0)

    .

    : 0 ,

    yy.

    :

    Cf , yy

    ( ).

    Cf f(x)>0 k f(x)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    102

    . ) f(x)=2x-4.

    )

    :

    ) )

    ) .

    : f(x)=0 2x-4=0 2x=4

    x=2.A (2,0).

    yy: =0 f(0)=-4.A

    yy B(0,-4).

    ) Cf f(x)>0 2x-4>0 2x>4 x>2.

    Cf f(x)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    103

    1.

    :

    ) 2( ) 3 4f x ) ( ) | 2 5 |f x x )6

    ( )2

    xf x

    x

    )

    3

    5( )

    xf x

    x

    ) ( ) 4f x x ) ( ) | 1| | 2 |f x x x 2. :

    2x-6, x 2f(x)= 2

    x -3x-10, x

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    104

    7. :

    f(x)=x2-x+2 g(x)=x2+x+8

    Cf 2, Cg

    (-2,2). :

    ) .

    ) Cf Cg.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    105

    f(x)=ax+

    : ,

    .

    =0, .

    : 000) (

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    106

    y=0 .

    f(x)=ax

    (0,0).

    =.

    y=ax+.

    =1 (=45 ) y=x

    .

    =-1 (=135 ) y=-x

    .

    1:y=a1x+1 2:y=a2x+2 , :

    1=2 .

    1=2 1=2 .

    12 =-1 .

    . ) , 1:y=(22+4)-7 2:y=(

    2+4)+13

    .

    ) , 1:y=(+1)-3 2:y= -2

    2+4 .

    ) 22+4=2+4 2-4+4=0 =2

    ) +1-2

    2=-1 (+1)(-2)=-2 2--2=-2 2-=0 (-1)=0

    =0 =1

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    107

    1. y=(+2) +2+8 .

    ) ) .

    2. y=(2-6)+-1 .

    ) ) .

    3. y=(3-)++1 045 .

    ) ) .

    4. :

    )f(x)= 5

    2 1

    2

    2

    x

    x

    )

    2 2 3( )

    2 8 3

    xf x

    x x

    )f()=||-2 )f()=|+2| -|-1|

    5. :

    ) :y=(3-5)+2 :y=4-1 ): y=(-3)-1 :y=(5-)+4

    ): y=( 2 4 ) -7 : y=(+10)+21 ): y=(-3)+2 : y=(43)

    ) : y=|+2|-1 : y=-5 ) : y=|-3|-2 : y=|3+7|

    6. :

    ) :y=(+1) : y=(+3)-2 ) :y=(+8) : y=(+8) -4

    ): y=(-1) -2 : 2

    62

    y

    ): y=(-2)-1 : y=

    3

    3

    ) : y= 22 4 : y= 43 5 .

    7. : y=(+3)+5 : y=(+8)+2+1.

    : ) ).

    8. :

    )(-4,0) (0,2) )(0,-2) (3,1) )(0,3) (2,1) )(0,-1) (4,-1)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    108

    9. :

    ) :y=-3+2 (2,-1)

    ) :y=2+5 (2,-13).

    10. :y=2+7

    (-4,-1).

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    109

    -

    f,:

    f(x)=(x)+c, c>0,

    c .( 1)

    f(x)=(x)-c, c>0,

    c .( 2)

    ( 1)

    ( 2)

    f,:

    f(x)=(x-c), c>0,

    c .( 3)

    f(x)=(x+c), c>0,

    c .( 4)

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    110

    ( 3)

    ( 4)

    :

    f, :

    f(x)=(x+c)+d, c,d>0

    c

    d .

    f(x)=(x+c)-d, c,d>0

    c

    d .

    f(x)=(x-c)+d, c,d>0

    c

    d .

    f(x)=(x-c)-d, c,d>0

    c

    d .

    :

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    111

    1. f

    , 1,2 :

    1

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    112

    f(1)-f(2)0, f .

    5- - 5-

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    113

    ) 1,2( - ,2) 1 2

    .

    f(x )-f(x )1 2=

    x -x1 2=

    3x +1 3x +11 2 (3x +1)(x -2)-(3x +1)(x -2)- 1 2 2 1x -2 x -2 (x -2)(x -2)1 2 1 2= =

    x -x1 2x -x1 2

    3x x -6x +x -2-3x x +6x -x +21 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 =

    (x -2)(x -2)(x -x )1 2 1 2

    7x -7x -7(x -x )2 1 1 2= =(x -2)(x -2)(x -x ) (x -2)(x -2)(x -x )1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

    -7

    (x -2)(x -2)1 2. 1

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    114

    A

    :

    1. f 0,

    f(x)f(x0) 0

    f(x0) f.

    2. f 0,

    f(x)f(x0) 0

    f(x0) f.

    , :

    f(x)M f(x) .

    f(x)=M f(x)= ,

    .

    . 2x

    f(x)=2

    x +1 -1

    1.

    H f =

    :

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    115

    2 22x 2x 2x+x +1 (x+1)

    f(x) -1 -1 +1 0 0 02 2 2 2

    x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1

    .

    E -

    1 0 0

    2 22x 2x 2x-x 1 -(x-1)

    ( ) 1 1 02 2 2 2

    x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1f x

    .

    :

    = = =0 =0 x=-1

    2 22x 2x 2x+x +1 (x+1) 2

    f(x)=-1 -1 +1=0 0 (x+1)2 2 2 2

    x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1

    -=1 =0 =0 =0 x=1

    2 22x 2x 2x-x 1 -(x-1) 2

    ( )=1 1=0 -(x-1)2 2 2 2

    x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1f x

    f =-1 -1 =1

    1.

    :

    1) f ,:

    f(-x)=f(x) .

    2) f ,:

    f(-x)=f(x) .

    ,

    0. :

    (-,)

    [-,]

    (- ,-) (,+ )

    (- ,-] [,+ )

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    116

    (-,-) (,)

    [-,-] [,]

    ,a a

    *

    ,

    yy.

    ,

    .

    ;

    ,

    :

    0,

    .

    f(-x),

    :

    f(-x)=f(x), f ,

    f(-x)=-f(x), f .

    f(-x) f(x) f(-x) -f(x) .

    : ,

    ) - ) f(-x) f(x)

    f(-x) -f(x).

    , .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    117

    1.

    :

    f(x)=|x| , g(x)=|x|+2 , h(x)=|x|-2

    2.

    :

    f(x)=|x| , g(x)=|x-2| , h(x)=|x+2|

    3.

    :

    a)f(x)=|x| g(x)=|x+2|+1

    )f(x)=|x| g(x)=|x-1|-2.

    4. :

    ) 3( ) 5f x x x ) ( ) 2f x x x ) ( ) 12 3 4f x x x ) ( ) 4 3f x x

    5. f

    i)f(x-4) f(3x) ii)f(|x|) f(2).

    6. f

    )f(|-2|) f(4) )f(|2-3|) f(5).

    7. :

    ) 2( ) 3 2f x x ) 2( ) 1f x x ) 4( ) 2 6f x x ) 2( ) 3( 5) 11f x x )2( ) 5 2( 1)f x x

    8. 2

    4x -4x+5f(x)=

    24x +3

    . f 2

    3

    2.

    9. :

    ) 4 2( ) 2f x x x ) 3( ) 3f x x x ) 2( ) 5 4f x x x ) ( )f x x x

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    118

    )2

    ( )4

    xf x

    x

    )

    2

    3( )

    9

    x xf x

    x x

    ) ( ) 3 3f x x x

    )2 4 1

    ( )3 3

    x xf x

    x x

    ) 2 2( ) 4 2 4 4f x x x x x

    10. :f ( ) ( ) ( )f y x f y f x ,x y .

    ) f(0) ) .

    11. :f ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )f y x f y x f x f y

    ,x y . ) f(0) ) .

    12. f: . :

    g(x)=xf(x)-|f(x)|

    .

    13. f: . :

    g(x)=f(f(x))-x4f(x)

    .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    119

    7

    f(x)=ax2

    : =

    : ,

    yy.

    : (- ,0] [0,+ ).

    : =0 f(0)=0. :

    , + f(x) + .

    A , - f(x) + .

    : f(x)=ax2,

    (0.0) .

    f(x)=-ax2

    : =

    : ,

    yy.

    : (- ,0] [0,+ ).

    : =0 f(0)=0. :

    , + f(x) - .

    A , - f(x) - .

    : f(x)=ax2,

    (0.0) .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    120

    :

    f(x)=ax2 g(x)=-ax2 0

    .

    || yy (

    )

    a

    f(x)= >0x

    : =(- ,0) (0,+ )

    : ,

    (0,0). : y=x y=-x

    : (- ,0) (0,+ ).

    : . :

    , + f(x) 0

    A , -

    f(x) 0.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    121

    ( ,

    ).

    0 ,

    0 , f(x) .

    0 ,

    0 , f(x) .

    ( ,

    ).

    : af(x)= >0x

    , , 1

    3 .

    a

    f(x)=- >0x

    : =(- ,0) (0,+ )

    : ,

    (0,0). : y=x y=-x

    : (- ,0) (0,+ ).

    : . :

    , + f(x) 0

    A , -

    f(x) 0.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    122

    ( ,

    ).

    0 ,

    0 , f(x) .

    0 ,

    0 , f(x) - .

    ( ,

    ).

    : a

    f(x)=- >0x

    ,

    , 2 4 .

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    123

    1.Na , :

    )f(x)=(8-2)2 .

    )f(x)=(||-3)2 .

    2. , :

    )f(x)=(3-)x2 (- ,0].

    )f(x)=(||-1)2 [0,+ ).

    )f(x)=(2+3+2)2 ( -,0]

    )f(x)=(62+7+1)2 [0,+ )

    3. , :

    a) 3+6

    f(x)=

    (0,+ ).

    ) 2 5-14

    f(x)=

    (- ,0).

    ) 24 4+1

    f(x)=

    (0,+ )

    ) 2 4+10

    f(x)=

    (- ,0).

    4. , :

    ) 1-|+3|

    f(x)=

    1 3 .

    ) 2 +4+3

    f(x)=

    2 4 .

    5. :

    a)f(x)=x2 g(x)=x2+1 h(x)=(x-1)2

    )f(x)=-x2 g(x)=-x2-2 h(x)=-(x+1)2

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    124

    6. :

    a) 4 4 4

    f(x)= g(x)= -3 h(x)=x x x+1

    7. :

    |a-1|-1f(x)=

    x

    (-2,-1) g(x)=ax2 .

    ) .

    ) f g.

    8. :

    2x -2 x

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    125

    f(x)=ax2+x+ >0

    : =

    : =-

    2.

    : (- ,-

    2]

    [-

    2,+ ).

    : =-

    2 f(-

    2)=

    -

    4.

    To K(-

    2,

    -

    4) .

    - :

    : ,

    f(x)=ax2+x+ >0

    :

    yy: (0,)

    . f(x)=x2-4x+3.

    : =

    : =-

    2=

    -4- =2

    21

    : (- ,2]

    [2,+ ).

    : =2 f(2)=-1

    To K(2,-1)

    :

    : y=0 f(x)=0

    x2-4x+3=0 x=1 =3

    (1,0) (3,0).

    yy: =0 f(0)=3.

    (0,3).

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    126

    :

    f(x)=ax2+x+ 0

    :

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    127

    . f(x)=-x2-2x+3

    : =

    : =-

    2=-1

    : (- ,-1]

    [-1,+ ).

    : =-

    2 f(-1)=4.

    To K(-1,4) .

    :

    : y=0

    f(x)=0 -x2-2x+3=0 x=1 =-3

    (1,0) (-3,0).

    yy: =0 f(0)=3.

    (0,3).

    :

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    128

    .

    1. :

    )f(x)=x2+4x-2

    ) f(x)=-x2+6x-4

    ) f(x)=-4x2+4x-1

    2.Na

    :

    ) f(x)=x2-2x-3

    ) f(x)=2x2+4x+3

    ) f(x)=-3x2-4

    3. f(x)=x2-6x+5.

    a)Na .

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    4. f(x)=-2x2+8x-6.

    a)Na .

    ) .

    ) .

    ) .

    5. f(x)=x2++ (3,-5).

    .

    6. f(x)=2+(+2)-2(2-1) =-1.

    ) ,

    ) .

    7. f(x)=-2+(+2)-2 . :

    ) ,

    ) .

    8. , :

    f(x)=x2+(-2)x-+1

    :

    )

    )yy.

  • www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

    129