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Transcript of Φυλλαδιο Εργαστηριου.pdf
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1
MURRAY
Murray, Wheatstone,
.
. , '
. Megger (.1).
' . .
lx . .2 . :
ll lx
RR
l l RR R
xx
223
4
3
3 4= =
+( )
, , .
, . ' , , ,
"" ( ) . .
Murray , . ' . la g1 :
l l l gg
= +1 21
2
l1, g1
l2, g2 .
1. , Megger. .2. .3. . ( 0.5-1mm).
:
-
A 2
.
" "
, , .
.
, . : " ", " " " ". ' , .
1 , , .
:
) '
) , .
' a,b,c. .
.. E C1 E 1 () 1200. . E C1=E 1ej1200. ' E b1 E 1 2400. . E b1= E 1ej2400. a a2 a=ej1200 a2=ej2400, E C1=a E 1 E b1=a2E 1 : a3=1, a4=a 1+a+a2=0. a :
E 1=E 1 E 2=E 2E b1=a2E 1 E b2=a E 2 E c1=a E 1 E c2=a2E 2
E 0=E b0 =E c0 .
-
:
E =E 0 +E 1+E 2 =E 0 +E 1+E 2
E b=E b0 +E b1+E b2=E 0 +a2E 1+a E 2 E c=E c0 +E c1+E c2=E 0 +a E 1+a2E 2 : : E , a E b a2E c
E +a E b+a2E c = 3E 1E 1 =(E +a E b+a2E c)/3 (1)
: ' E , a2E b a E c
E +a2E b+a E c = 3E 2E 2 =(E +a2E b+a E c)/3 (2) :
E +E b+E c = 3E 0E 0 =(E +E b+E c)/3 (3)
(1),(2) (3) E ,E b E c. ' . (E b=a2E , E c=a E ) . (E +Eb+E c) . , ' ' ' ( ) .
1. 2. / ( ) =10/5. ;
-
2. .3. / =10/5. 7 : I 1, I 2, I 3.
1. ,,C , C (.. ), G , OG (.4).
-
A 3
ME
1.
( 1). .
.
2. .
2. .
) Z1
) Z R j L R jR R j R223 2 1
23
22= + = + = + = ( )
) Z R jC
R jR R j R31 3 2 1
23
22= = = + =
( )
VZ
R ZVA= +
32
1
11 VA1 .
Z1>>R V=3VA1 Z1=R V=VA1. , C , .
E:) 1 .) 2 .) L C 2 .
-
4
,
1. - ( ).
2. . . - VA ()
.
, 1 2 ( ), - . ' i1 i2 . :
=i1i2
:) . i2.) . .) . .
. RE () :
()
W J URv
U= ( ' )
Rv Jv
-
(2) U'J=UJ+REJ2 UJ=U'J-REJ2 U'J UJ .
(2) Rv=r+r (r r ) :UJ'=U(J+J)=UJ+UJ=UJ+U(U/Rv)=UJ+U2/Rv UJ' UJ .
' : UJ=UJ'- U2/Rv
Blondel. ', "n" , "n" . n-1 o ' .
.
" " " Aron".
Blondel :
-
W=W1+W3=E12J1(300+1)+32J3(300-3) .
. . ) , . U.J. ) 3 . Aron. :
W EJ1 03 30= + ( ) W EJ3 03 30= ( )W W EJ1 3 3+ = W W EJ1 3 3 = :
= +
=
+
3 3 1
1
3 1
3 1
1
31
3
( ) ( )
( )
W WW W
WW
WW
.
) .
1 2 , . 2 1 R L. J1 J2 900 .
' 0, 2 1 2, 1 . . J, 1 2 . .
-
) .
' . R1 R2, 1200. .
1. (1 1)
6 ' .2. (2 2). () 6
. 2 1. .
3. ' 6 '.
Aron . . . . . . .
4. . 4 .
-
5
/ .1.
. , 10 2=0 ( )
H W Il
=
1 1
B W Il
=
1 1
= = =BS SlW I W I
Rm
1 11 1
(1)
Rm . :
11 1 12
11 1= = =W W I
RL I
m(2)
L WRm
1 12
= (3).
2 1
12 2 1 2 1 12 1= = =W W WR
I M Im
(4)
M W WRm
121 2
= (5)
. 20 1=0
22 2 2= L I (6)
L WRm
2 22
= (7)
M M M W WRm
= = =12 211 2
(8)
. (3), (7) (8) M L L= 1 2 (9).
12 2 1 2= =KW M KW WRm
,K
-
= + = +( ) ( )B B SR
W I W Im
1 2 1 1 2 21
(12),
( 1,2 ) 1 1 1 1 2 = = +W L I MI (13),
: 2 2 2 2 1 = = +W L I MI (14)
:LM
WW
1 1
2= =
LM
WW
2 2
1
1= =
LL
1
2
2= (15)
.(13),(14)
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
= + = +L I L I L I I( ) (16)
2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
= + = +L I L I L I I( )
. 1 2 = (17)
:
E ddt
L dIdt
M dIdt
= = + 1
11 2 ( )(18)
E E ddt
M dIdt
L dIdt
22 1
22
= = = +
( )(19)
2 . 1 V1 (.2).
t .(15) 2 (.18,19) , .(15) ( - ).
I I I0 1 2= +
I , ( ) I (.3).
-
E1 : E fW m1 12= pi (20)
m , f . E fW m2 22= pi (21).
' EE
WW
1
2
1
2
= = (22)
E I E I1 1 2 2
II
WW
1
2
2
1
1 =
(23)
. I1
I2 1800 . II I1 2 0+ =
. (..3). R R
R [ ( )] Re[ ]
Re[ ].
e e
e
V I j I x I I r E I
I r E I I I r E I E I
I r E I I R I rI r E I I R I r
1 1 1 1 1 12
1 1 1
12
1 1 02
12
1 1 0 2 2
12
1 1 22
22
2
12
1 1 22
22
2
= + + =
= + = + + =
= + + + =
= + + +
(23)
V 1 R+jX :V I r j I x E1 1 1 1 1 1= + + (24)
r1 x1 . E V r I j I x2 2 2 2 1 2= + + (25)
V I R j I x2 2 2 2= + (26) (r2, x2 ). (24)-(26) .3.
-
( )V2
( )I2
2 (2r2,2x2 ...)
' LM
1 , .(18) I L M1 1 0( )
L L MG1 1= L LM
G2 2=
(27)
( x j LG1 1= x j LG2 2= ) . V1,I1,I2,R,X,r1,x1,r2,x2,1 V1 I1 =V I1 1 1, . 1 (24). ( ) = = E E2 1 , ( ) ( ) = +
I x x x2 2 22
( ) ( ) = +I R r2 2 2 2 . ( ) = j I x2 2 2
( )CD I r= 2 2 . H
(OD) V2 , 2 (), 2. A R+jX, D0 C.
r2 jx2. , I2, I1.
o=0 . 3 .4.
E2 0 E1 .5 ( ')OD I r= 1 1 , ( ' )D F I x= 1 1 (28)
r r r12
2 1 = + , x x x12
2 1 = + . 2
2 1r r+ , 2
2 1x x+ .
1n. V1 ( ) . .6 r1, x1 .
W V I OF I OD I I r1 1 1 1 1 12
1 = = = =cos ( ) cos ( ')
-
rWI1
1
12
= (29)
OD'F .5 xVI
r11
1
212
= ( ) (30).
' / I I n1 1 = (=300m) . ' (29),(30) r1 x1 .
.7 /
(25) - (24) E E1 2= ( / ) .
V V I r j I x x I j I xI I I I I I I I I I I I I1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2= + + V V I r j I x r I j I xI I I I I I I I I I I I1 2 1 1 1 1 1
22 1 1 2
2+ = + + +
= +I r jxI I I1 1 1( ) (32) /
V V I r jxII II II II II II1 2 1 1 1+ = + ( ) (33). V VI II1 1= , V VI II2 2= , , .(32) (33) ( I II= )
I r jx I r jxI I I II II II1 1 1 1 1 1( ) ( ) + = + (34) I n1 I IIn V I , V II
VI
r xIIn
I I
= +12
12
VI
r xIIIIn
II I
= +12
12 (35)
(35), (34) VIVI
II
V IV I
II
I
In
II
IIn
II
I
I IIn
II n
II
I
= =1
1 1
1
1
II
V IV I
II
V IV I
I
II
II n
I IIn
I
n
II II
I IIn
1
1
1 1
1
1= =
(36)
II
VI
IV
I
II
II
IIn
n
I
1
1
1=
(36)
.(36) V VII I II
II
I
n
II
IIn
1
1
1 .
(II n
1
1) , .. V I = 5% V II = 10% V1
II
II
I
n
II
IIn
1
1
12= .
II 75% (IIII
IIn
1 0 75= , ) 150% (III
In
1 1 5= , ).
. / .
V1 /.
-
.(32), (33) .8 '
I I II II < +1 1 (6: ) ( V1) WWW
I
II < . '
I I1 I II1
rx
rx
I
I
II
II
1
1
1
1
= (37).
/.
V1 V20. E KVV
=
1 201
.
, . V2 V10
, KVV
= 10
2. '
KVV
VV
2 20
1
10
2
= (38).
.10
-
' L L L M = + +1 2 2 , L L L M = + 1 2 2
ML L
=
4
(39).
. L L (39) , L L .
R-L-C, . r1 r2 / .
R-L-C
) 0,1-200) 0,1pF-20.000F) 1m-20) D
A) M 1) 2) LCR3) L. ,
.200. :' ' (0 dj) 0.
4) L . 1 , . 200H, 2mH, 200mH Ls (. L ).
2H, 20H, 200H Lp (. L )
! ' 0 200mH. D , D.) , . 200pF.
-
0 , 200pF, 2nF, 20nF, 200nF 2F. 2F. ' (0 dj) 0. . 1 . 200pF-2F Cp, 20F-20mF Cs.)
R , . 2. 0, L, , 2, 20, 200, 2K, 20K, 200K. 200K. . 1, .
1. N , / .9 .10(), 10().2. .6 .(29), (30) /. . /, / / 0,3.3. / .7 (R). () 10%. / . - . ' R ( 11, 6,2). : ( 4) /. (36).
6
.
V , J OSSANA (. 1).
1
, . ( 1.5 KW ) . /3=380/3 220V=V 1.5 Juav. (Juav ) =380V 2.5 Juav. . , . .
. - k ( ) (, k >k . ||
-
pi cos3)sin(
Vc kk
=
cos)sin(
Vc kkY
=
k , V V . cY=3c .
ARON (.2)
2
)30cos( 111212 += IVW(3)
)30cos( 333232 = IVW
(1 3 V1, I1 V3, I3 ). (3) W12=W32 . W12=W32 . 160 3-60 . , , .
1. 3
) ) )
. , V cos . W12=0 160.
1
2
3W
32
W12
-
3 ( )
3 ( )
1. ARON , , , , , , . 1000 A. . .
2. 3 . I, V, cos.
3. cos 0,5 ..
1
2
3
W12
VA
3
1
2
3
3
()
(R)
W2
-
4. ( ) 0.9 .
5. ( 3) . 3. ;
6. , W12=0. .
