EAAHNIKOE AOTOI

ANATYN ON

EIT MNHMHN

KA N>TA NTI NOY XA>A N H

(('O 'H).r,oxevcpr,opbq r6v 'Opglx6vl (d,noond.c,p.ura dnb cilv Dr,a-rpr9i sou Kol\r. xArAnH r<'H'E).),4vr,x{'Aorpovopr,la ci6B' Xr,).uec4p[8o6 n.X. xard. roUq 'Opgr,xoU6 "Tpvou6r>).

<tKciora6 Xaod,r16r 6rcb >.t<'H z^\ xa.i. rb "Epyo cou Kolvoravdvou Xaod,nl r> 6zc6

MAPO> K. IANA@ANAEIOT

ToYAIOX r973

EN@ETON T'

H EAAHI\IKH ATTPOI\OMTATHX B'XIAIETTIPMOX fI.X.

KATA TOYX OPOIKOYX YMI\OYX

AIIOEIIAXMATA AIIO THN

AIATPIBH TOY

K. I . XAXAIH

EN@ETON T'

EiooTalyr,rd oqpeiarpa

Elvar, np&yp"uct rco].r5 86oxo],o rb vd xu.cugtgrl xavei6 voi 8r,a].6[r1pr.epr,xi6 oe).[8e6 <{eXcopr,oc}6>r dnb €vu or5trypopgt"u r6co onou8aio orbo6vo).6 Tou, 6nol6 rr'H'El).ryvr,xfi'Aoqoaop,la tfie B' Xil.rcrr1gi\og n.X.xard rodE 'OggwoiE "Yp,aoae)) ro0 d,er,pvdocou <30vr,xoUl d,orpov6pr,oup"aq xui Au8aoxd,).ou Fou, Kcovoravrlvou X. Xaod,n1. fu' at}cb xui re-),r,x66 8r,dtreEa oe),i8e6 zcor) c& xetp.ev&. cou6 vd, dXouv x&noru ).oyr,xiouv61er,a y.e"cal,S rou6, vct dvag6pot\"c&L 8z1la}i1 o' $va <txouvbrr 069.r.Kai sd 06p" a0cb 8iv eZvar, &ir) .odnbcbvrt 'H).roxevrpro,Fb r6v'O p g Lx6 u r, govi Sr,apr,apcugtuq yu&. siq &aroyeq Bx8z1).<iroeuq topra-opoU cdrv 500 ic6v drcb tlu y-vlo-n roU Konepvlxou

"ti Xlpu Fd6,noil rlv 6).ctprrpuvav cd, goireuvd, rcve6paca rdrv 'ApXa[olv 'Aocpov6polv

Vaet air6v rdrv <Muor6v cdrv Muoc4plolvr riq Mo$oaq T\q 'Aorpo-vopr,ia6-'Aocpo). oytaq, Orip av ia6.

Mripor K. flazcaOavaolou{c

'H dxSoozl roU dpyou De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ro6flo).<ovoU p,afug.ocrlxoU, docpov6pr,ou xai gu).o).6you N. Korc6pvr,xov (1.473-l'543), Oeorpd0rlxe <oca0pr,b6> oriv loropla ri,q &.orpovoplw, q, xul. 6 t8uoqci6 a0epr,e).r,ol-ls, fis <t'H).r,oxevrpuxiq> 0eolp[a6, oripr.galvor p.i clv 6-noLa i .f4 y"aq elvw {vuq drb ro$q n}.avire6, zcoil 6}.or, pc(i zcepug6pov-rar, yrSpco d,nb cbv {}.r,o. 'Ev6, xar&. trlu Srlpogr,}.! xai tntm11.r,a d,no8e-xcl dnb rlv r6re flanuxi 'Exx).r1o[a <lEorxewpr,xi Oeorplar, {tr1o6 xain).avice q rcepryfipovrcrr yup. dzcb rl li.

'A).).& orb Xer,p6lpago roU Kon6pvr,xou $rc&.pyet dn6onaopd, zcor)cb 8r,6ypa{,,e rplv d,nb rlv dxSoozi coU pr,p}.[ou rou, xai sb 6zco?o dvug|-perel oriv 'H).r,oxevcpr,xi 0ecopia coU "E).).1vo6 d,ocpov6pr,ou 'Apr,ord,p-Xou coU Xapr.lou (310-230 rr.X.), riv 6nof.u 6 Kondpvr,xoq Ep.gd,vroe <i:68r,x{ rou, 6nor6 dn68er,{e rb 1930 6 E0y. 'Avrcovr,d8ls.

'O o6gpovo6 roU 'Apr.ord.pXou, 'ApxrptSrlg, ocb dpyo rou rrYop-p,hrygtt ypd,ger, : <<'ApLorepXoq 6 Edpro6 6ror i ,0era.Lr& piv dn).avta T 6v &or pcov xui rbv &).r ,ovp6veLV d,xtvo(Tov, rd,v 8i T&,v, ?repLg6.peo,0ar, zcepisbv &).r ,ov xurd' . x$x).ou zcepLg&perd,v, 6q toci3v p6og rQ 8p6pg xel .psvo6)) .

'O 'Apr,oror6).r1 q n&)*, &v xai yEolxevr gad6, ocb dpyo rov ce If epiOdgavoil yg&.get, 6su o[, fI u 0 q"T 6 p s r o r : < dn i p, iv ytir p ro Upr.6oou nUp elvur g66i r lv 8 i l iu, 8v cdrv

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

&.orpcov oSoav, x0x),ql gepoFr6vIV ?repi cboov, v{ txru re xai ip6p" ruoLeiv)) .

Ar1Ia8{, i 'H}.Loxevcpuxi 0eopla eiye Suaruzco0i dn b roilq

auiovq "E).) . r7ve6 d,orpov6pou6 2000 Xp6vtor rpiv drbKon6pvr,xo.

,pe-

torP-TOV

Mi cb Spyo rou r(H'E).Lqvtxi1 'Aorgouol'tia rfie B' yt).rcrr1q(,6oEit,X. xard. rcdE 'OqgmodE "YpaouElr, 'A0ivar, L967 ,, 6 peyd),o6 &orpo-v6proq Weq K<,rvos. Xao&nqq &rc68eu[e , 6n tiv 'H].r,oxevrpr,xi Oeo!_[aSyl 'c ip(av oi dpXaiot "EMr7ve6 'Opguxoi guL6oogou (1600rc.X.)3000 Xp6vtcr, npiv d,rb cbv Kor6pvr,xo, dnb ro ' )6 6rcoiou6 xalrfv norp6trapav o[ Ilu0cy6pelot xui 6 ' AgLorapxoq. " Aq olg,euorOi imirc) .6ov,6cr, i : r -dTxo6 pIcoq npcLrr , onou8i xai oXo]. iaor1 &rb&,ocpovoprx\e zc),eup&,6 tdlv 'Opgr,xdv "Tpvorv dyr,ve g, i ar isb cbdpyo roU K. Xuo&n4.

M.TI.

4

EN@ETON T'

H OYPANIOE EOAIPA

1.1. IXflpo xai 2gpdrpo to6 o$povo0. Td oXflpc ro0 o0povo0 6pi-(erot eiq rqv rppdotv ogatgrl\da il"rcodp,eyoE neqi ya|aa (3,3)*. Eivotl,orn6v, KCI,r' &"p1rlv, o'qo1prK6v12.'Eu,v rbpi(eto, cbg {proqorpm6v, toOro6ev 0d elye rcoppiov Bo0utepov d(toV, ig' 6oov 0o inpoKaro rcept 6rs-nrorcboeolq, dnoppeoDo'qq 6r flvog nol,u rotvflq, roOrlpeprvqg 6pner-pioq.

'Er ro0 (o'gotprl6dv> nporr5nrouot ru 6(frq:o') dnorl,eirro,r, ippeoalG, vo )uoyi(eror fl yfr rbq ffnerpoq roi 6n[ne-

6oq, Bq' 6oov rcepi roDrl1v 6l,too'eta,t 6 o0povog'B') t] },e(rq (oqorpq66v>, o'uv8eoprvq Tcpog ro <6},roo6prvoE nepi

yu,Tcrv>>, nuptyet roi trlv npcbtqv vu(rv nepi roD 6n t yll 0eorpeiror Ket-p6vrl iv t@ rc6vtprp tflq o0pa,v[ou orpoipoq roi 61r eiq trva ci],l,qv 0e-orv ivrdq o0rflq (rcopoyp. 44)' roi

y') rd <ogorprl6ovr> 6r1l,ot, 6rt 6 o0povo6 o u [r r e p r q 6 p r r CI, r,dnl,dlq, rbq o'gaipo, Xopiq vd r)rcolperbpreOcr vcr rdv 0ecrlp6pev, cbq 61ov-xa, Tcpaypotrrdq, oxflpcr, oqo1ptrc6v. Ae6op6,vou 6', rbg ei6oFrV, 6tr oi6por <r6opoq> roi <o0pc,voq)) oulurtnrouor rlo,p' 'Opgxoi6, i dvoltf,prrl?rrprKolrq orlpoivet 6n <6 r6o'poq oupneprg6ptror rbq ogotpo nvou-p6vq rcepi tqv yfrv>.

Eig drctppoolv toftorv Eplovror roi oi lopcKrTlpropoi rflq @uoecog,rbg navpdrou xux).oteQo6q (9,23).

'Eq &l,l,ou, dncrlq roi onpepov dplopeOo eig rd BrBl,ia po6 Er ro0lp6porog ro0 o0povoD, KoO' 6potov rpoTrov 6ev nop alueinetar, eiq rdvnepi O0povo0 ripvov, vu npoo8topro0fr toOro rbq xuaadygoua (3,7), 6vQe00Dq dp6o'olq pvnpovetietot rsi to 8tdlurov xoi l,opnpov qdq to0 o0-pcrvoD, rcoto, rnv tltltpov, XopoKrqpt(opevou roftou rbq nayadTou (3,7)

12. 'fI <parvopfvq {peprloia xfvqorg tflg o$pavfou oguipcg. 'Htrvrlpoveu0eToo dvcrltfprrl TrtptKoTrq toO flpvou ro0 O0pavo0, ogaryr16dvil.rcodpeyoq neqi yaiaa (3,3) 6l,orl,11po0tot eiq tdv 6n6pevov orilov6rd rflq gp6o'er,oq qdp,Pou 6[ur1ow 66eday (3,4). OiStor, n rcsrd ].6(rvTclnprlq dn66oorq or){q aivCI,r: ((rsplorptgotlsvog, 6q ogoipo nepi, rqvyf,v, 66e6ov 6d 6td nvrloerrrv, 6potcrlv Trpoq tdq reprorpogdg, rdq6ruo[oq 6rre],ei q oBoripo. Iuvendlq, EXopev ivroD0o piov oogfl ?rr-prTpoqqv rflq qorvop6,vrlq KrvqoeCIq tflq o0povtou o<poipoq, ntptl rfiqvflq.

'EE dl,l,ou, fl ilvvoro rot ndyQDre xux).oregiq Q,23) eig rdv iipvovrf lq @rloerr lg eTvat 6tt n Orio-rg <<ruveircn 6r '6l,rr lv rdv pepdlvr n q fu6et,6l,orl,qpo€, ru,rs ttlv rcotnrlKnv Errppoorv ro0 6pvou) ru-rl,orepdq>.'Al"l,' fl 6v loyqo 6ror0nolflq ouwo-rQ Ko,r' o0otov, tdv 6va

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

rdv vopov rflq gorvopdvrlq nvtloecoq rflg o0poviou ogoipoq, rco0' 6v<novra, td orlpelo CI,0tfrg 8rcypdqouor rurltroq tpoytaqi. Toutqv 6dtrlv i8eCI,v trpoKo0opi(et, orJtorg eiruetv, 6 0pvrp6og roi eiq rov dpboroqTcporlyouptvov ottXov roD ripvou rfrg @6oeolg, 6nou )"Lyerat'deydcporyopd.LLy.yL 1odv !6po \n,etiouoa (9,22) rai ro0 6noiou fl ruptol.e-KflKTI dn66ootq eivot: orpoBrl,i(ouo'o eig Divrlv d,rlvaov ro rCI,xu pe6pcr(roU rcoopou).

13. @uorxrl airia tflg garvopfvqg nsprorpogflg rfl6 ospaviou ogui-pog. 'H rivqorg ciprrlq orJtrl, rilg neplTpagrror,-eirovi(op6vn Trpoq rTlv?reprorpognv .o'Boupoq, npourco0dter ct(ovo Trrprorpogqq rflg oipsvtouo-goipog. llpdylrCI,r-l 6e yiveror n npcbrrl v6(rq, nepi

"oo ci(ovoq rrq,

ei,q tov rJpvov_It]q_ @uoer,oq,. cino.u aUrrl XopoKrrlpt(etor rbq oirln"irp,t-oa Bp6neg0e (9,25), iitor, rbq g6poDoo, oxqnrpov ra,i 611 roi ro <0nep-rtpov)) tdlv orcrltrrpov, ivQ o'1tyXp6vrrlg, eiq tdv nporlyofpevov orilovrol.atrm eij1gouoq (9,24). o06epta ciprrrq i€nyqorg

' 6t6eror 0no toO

6pvrp6o0, noTov elvCI,t ireivo rd 6nolov 6vopd(er i,epovov> tfrq 06-oecrlg ra,i noiov eivor td <orfrntpov) rnq. 'c)q 6r toijrou napt^tre"cat,6r npriltrlg dryecrlg, ro 8moicrlpo vd nrotaOooprv, 6rr ?rpoKerroi" nrpiTrorlrlKdv o1r'lpdtcrlv l.oyou, ncpd ro yeyov6q, 6tr o06opo0 dl,),oD e?qrov 6v loyqo r5pvov - 6nroq d,),l,crlore oupBoiver rsi eig 6l,ouq ,orgr5pvouq - xpqorpoTroreirc,r, d,veu nLrlpouE q,iflol,oyt1oe,o!, oto6r1 TcortoqpCI,vflrct'1 1"6(19. 'Ev rorirorq 6prrlq, rl d,noorrbnnorq oiirrl 6dv yiverorgveu dno^1pd>vroq l,oyou. Arotr yvcrlpi(er 6 flpvrp8og, 8rr ro'<orcflntpov)roDto 6dv d,vnrr1 &p6ocrlq eig rrlv (Duorv dl,l.' dvogeperor eiq rou .iepo-vov)), nepi rov 6noiov orJrq 7rrp1orp6geru,r. eiq rTlv fflv. -Orr 6d 6<0povoq> o6rog eivCI,r n ftl rcoi rd <orcflnrpov)) 6 d(rrlv o0tfrg, rorol,rl-yov pdl,roro eiq tov o0pdvrov n6l,ov, Ddv l,6yetot Bpp6orog,

-al,l,' dvs-

nr0ooetor rircd joD furvrp8oD €rccrprFdq, Brei 6rcou roi Eler 06otv, eiqtov tlpvov rfrg ffrq, cbq 0o i8rrrpev (Kep. q').

'EB &},),ou, 6t6eror rcCI,i eig rdv t5pvov rfrg ouo-eoq fl o'oqeot6pa, tdlvrceplypapdv rfrg rspro'rpoqqg ta,r5rr'1q, eig rqv neprronrlv 6en,oxd0e-24rt,

^dtltopoa -dorqayd.Aorcn', noddy iyuog ei).tooouoa (9,6 - 7), i 6v-voro,tr,oyrxr1 d,rco8oorq rqg 6noiaq eiva,r: <Dev eivor eurol,ov va r<'o0r.1-ouldoq ruveiq _0'6, t 6noio rrveioo,r (orpoBr),t(eo,ot) d0opugcog, il5<rreoiire flpeig, o[ 6noior od nu,ro0pev 6dv dvtr],opBovope0o tov 06puBovoorJ)). Elvc,r 6d fl eirov orirq &vdl,o7og Tcpoq trlv rSno roD l,oo0 pag,xpnorponotoup6vqv o'lltlrpov Ercgpoo"tv: <<f1 ffl rrveiror 0nd tor) q rco-6o9 pog>.

_ "O0tv, rbg rcporfnret 3r rdv dvcrlrripro lcrlpirrlv, o0 p6vov 6r6doKsrc,r

9iq roDg pspunpevouq -oinveq roi dna,yyt)ri,ouor tor)q fipvoug- 11qtrrpTlo"io rcivrlolg rfrq or)poviou ogoip uq, &),")u' dr6pr1 6dv nop aieine-rc,r, 6v ouoxsuopQ, t'l 6r6oo'rca,l,to roi rfrg firprorpogrrflg Krvrl6rr,lgrflq ffrg, eig rrlv 6rcotov 6getl,eror q nprbtq.

6

EN@ETON T'

O HAIOX

B HAIOKENTPDMO>

27. 'O (<KoolroKpritcop>> fi]urog. 'Er rdlv fSpvcrlv 'H],tou roi 'An6],-l"rrlvoq ouvdyerCI,t 6fl oi 'Opqmoi 66i6ooxov tdv {},torevtprop6v, dvpq, 6q drcptBdlq rov 6pt(opev oqptpov, tor)l,dlrorov ratcr rdg pa-orrcoq tou i66oq. At6tt:

u') 'Ynapyouor, Kor' &p1rlv, of lopuKrTlplotloi ro0 f1l,tou, rbq xo-oltoxgdroQoE Q,ll) roi deondtou "coit xdoprou (7,16), oitrveq dgorpoOpo0-atv dno tqv yflv ro npovoptov rflq nyettrflq 06oecilq rqg 6v tQ rc6oprp.

B') 'O npore),euto,ioq oriyoq ro0 r5pvou, ro0 'AnoA,]uovoq 6rooo-qi(et rceptoo'6rtpov trlv flyetrrrlv 06otv toD f1l,tou, tcoO' 6oov )utyey6tt oSroq'tyet rnv ogpoyT8a 6t' f,q <6runrb0n)) 6 r6opog' naardE tyetqxdop,ou oEgrlyi\a run|orw (33,26).'O 6v loyql oriyoq 6woeT, fipogo-vdq, 6tr 6 r6opoq <3y6vero> [nd roD {},iou rc,i, ouverd)q, { 6t6ooKo-psvrl i86,a, Koopoyovtrcfrq rpfoecrlq, eivot 611 6 r6opog npofrl,Oev 6r toOq),iou. "Olrctrq, f1 roopoyovrrcrl oflcr1 u&p1rl> ouvend,ytror rui rrlv rrpo-toplrrrlv 06orv roD fli,iou eiq rov r6opoV, rt'1v 6noiov dl,l,(Dcrm, 7ro-p6louorv eig c,0r6v, o0 p6vov rd 6n[0ero (Kooporpdralp> rai <5eofi6-rr'lgD, dl,l,d roi rd 6),ov ntpLl1olrevov tdlv 66o $pvcrrv, eig of5g dvoge-popeOo.

28. 'O fil'rog <[i'xer>> tdv x6opov. "O].rrlq i8roirepov irnmrlpovrrdv6v6tog6pov ropouold(et 6 criyoq xdopou rdu Baagp,*vtoa 6q6p,ou il,-?d@rt (7 r9). Ar6n, ro pflpo <6l,ral> el1e rqv orlpooiov rrlv 6rco[ov toDd,rco6i6opev roi onptpov, t6oov eig rd 'Opqrr6, 6oov rai eiq td 'Opr1-prrd reipevu. "O0ev etpe0cr flvoyrao'p6vor vd 6e10dlpev, 6rt o[ 'Opgr-roi 6prl,o0or nepi 61"(eroq ro0 ql,tou, d,croup6vrlq ini ro0 <6p6pou ro0r6opou>. 'AII' <61.(19 to0 6popou>> 6dv '6yet rcrppiov dnol,frrrlq 5v-vorCI,v, 6rp' 5oov, Kc,O' d, e'i6opev, <6popoq> 3l,6yero ft €rcl,ernrrKq. 'HElufiq 6po4 ini to0 <6p6pou ro0 r6opou)) l,opBdver iwotol,oytrdv fir-prel6pevov, 6d,v roi p6vov 6 r6opog 6l,retor flno ro0 f1],iou roi 6dv 6r6opoq -rcoi 611 6 fil,rog- 8tovuq rqv rpolrdrv to6tr1v. 'A.l,l,d, roi f1ouvrcKrmrl nl,orq rcoi Epprlveia ro0 orl1ou roDto drprBdlq ]vtyeq 6n6 r6opog 6rorp61fl rqv irl,ernttrcqv. 'Ogeil,opev 60ev vd 6e106pev,6fl: \

o') 6 fil,rog voeiro,r drtvqtoq roi 6 r6opoq rrvor5pevoq 6ni rfrqdrl,ernttrfrq roi

B') 6 fil,roq 6l,rer tov r6opoV, rCI,td rqv rcivqorv roDrTlv.Euverudlq, oi 'Opgrroi nup6louot ra,i ttlv i[rlTTlorv rflg rrvrloerrlq,

8rSdoxouor 66, rbq guorKqv q,irtq,v rflq rtvtlotrrlq ro0 r6opou, trlv 61,(rvro0 f1l,iou, tpeig rcoi nl,6ov lrl,retrlpi6og npiv 6pr1,r1oq nepi rauulg 6Ne6rov rE) 1687 p.X.

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

To d8raoarprlrov or'lpeiov ro0 orilou elvot <6 r6opoq)). 'Ev roOtorqrd 6tr npotdootrol eig rdv mtlov 6 XopoKrqplotlog <Xpuool,upng))fi),ro6 (6 6noiog dvog6perar eiq rdg 6no1dE tflg yflg, rbg 61,610q roi rbg0o t8rrlprv v' dnooorprlvi(etor r)nd ro0 i6iou 0pvrp6o0) roi td 6tt, e00Dqdp6ocrrg, eiq rov 6n6pevov criyov, drol,ouOet 6 npoo8roptopoq ,irQo-

W6goq (7,10) fil"roE, 66r1yei eig rdv oup?tspoop6v, 6tt rbq <r6opoq)) 66-vcr,ror vcr 0eropnOfr, Kc,r' &p1r1v, Tl yfl. 'H dnorytq afltr1 Bvro'luetot on-povttrdq ir ro0 6e6op6vou, 6tt o06opo0 eig td <'Opgtro> dvogepe-tot r[vrlotq to0 rll,tou nepi tqv yflv.

'Ev torirolq, td yeyovdg 6rr Edv ytveror oCI,gr16 pveto rflq rrvr'loecrlgrdlv nl,ovr'1tdlv nepi rov fil"rov, 66r1yei eiq to teL,trov oupfiripoopu Ko0'6 oi 'Op<prrcoi dogol,6g pdv 0errlpo0or tdv fil,tov, rbg r6vrpov Ktvqoerrlqroi 611 rcai 6),(ealg toO r6opou, 6dv Tcpo1opo0otv 6lrrrlg eiq trlv 6l,orl,rl-pCIorv toD fll,torevtptxoO ouorrltrotog, 6t6doxovreq oo<pdg rnv rci-vqorv rdlv nl.ovrltdlv ntpt\ o0to0' 6g0aocrv tp6nov rtvd pbXpt tflq dv-rrl,rlryecoq rflg Tflq, cbq nl,ovqtou, 0no tqv oqpsplvqv Ewotov rflq 1.6-

€ealg.flopd tcrDro, 6dv yvrrlpi(opev Bsv i iiwoto cc6o'pog> Bvetle roi

"c6re, rbq ouveBrl eiE roug pet6nettcr lp6vouq 6v 'El,l,d8t, rcoi rnvTcrprtKrlKqv orlpootc,v, toD ouv6l,ou rdlv nL,uvqtdv, CE tlq npof,l,0ev

i fpqorponoroup6vq pt6pt onpepov 6rgpo6rq ((fllloKtvrprrcdv o6otr1-po to0 r6opou>. Kcri to0to 6pc,lq gotveror nol,r) nt0crv6v, 6t6tt 6l,oto1e6ov oi petdnerrc, <dplotor> dorpovoprroi 6por e0p[orovrot, torupdtov, eig tofq 'Opptror5g. 'Ed,v, ouvercdg, eig rdv 6pov <r6opoq>,6vv6ouv rcpaypatt toDg nl,ovqtog, 6v t(l ouv6l"rp tcrlv, tore f1 f1l,torcev-rprKTl i6eo fio,poDot a(eru t6o'ov rb),orl,qprrlp6vr1, rc,td td Bv or6,l,oqrI€, iitor rotd rrlv rfvnotv tdv n],ovqtdv nepi tdv fi],rov, 6oov fio-pouord(trol n)"Tlpqg roi ra,td, to 6eutepov or6l,oq or)rfrq, 6ql,o8t1, cbgfipoq trlv xtvqorv rfrq yflq nepi tov d,(ovd tr1q, 6ro tqv 6noia,v, irtoqtdrv qSn l,e106,vtcrlv, yivera,r 8te(o8trrbtepog ),6yog ai€ td rcepi yflq(Kep.q') .

HTH

B' OAOI(AHPO>II THX I{AIOKENTPIKH> IAEA' '

'H rcepi ci(ovo Trtptorpoqn rqq y\q, nttq ouvtorfl td 6e6repovorceX,og rflg fll,torevrptrflg iE6og, ouvdyerot 6pp6otrlg p6v, d,l,td, oo-gdtg, BK rdrv Xolpicov tdlv fjpvcrrv, rdlv dvaqepoprivolv eiq rcrg 6nop6-voq TlapaTpdgouq (45-47), nepi rflq rour6rrltoq to0 ,d[ovoq Trept-orpo<pflq rqq yflg ?rpog rdv d[ovo toO o0povo0. AtorunoDta,t 6pcog oti-tr1 roi e00eo4 eiq to 0n' dptO p. 2 &noonoopd,ttov, Eq' o6 d,vogfpetatn rcapayp. 48.

8

EN@ETON T'

45. 'H Tt eivor 16 rfvrpov rflg oipavfou ogufpcq. 'f)q el8opev(nupayp. 13-15) 6 [pvrp6oq Eropve rqv npcbrrlv vu(rv rflg Bnrrrvu-ptoq rflq Tqq, rbg <0p6vou> ro0 o0povoD, eiq roDq f5pvoug rflq <puoeolqroi rdrv ffotprrrv, Snou rrlv pdv rpforv Brdl,et <eijOpovov>> (9,24), toDg6' d,or6pCI,q (nsprOpovtouq rcurl,6evrog> (6,4). -H5t1, d,neuOuv6pevoq Trpoqrtlv pr"ltepo-yflv ?utyet : fi xor{yeq xdop,oto p6,oou 1qdvov, o&yexeyaddl yaiav t,yeq (26,5-6 )' 6qI. <ror61erg tdv p6oov Opovov ro0r6o'pou, 6r' 0 rsi 6[ouold(erq rflq yflg>. Ksrd rqv fipordorv tu,6tqv,t yn (0povog) reTrur eiq ro p6oov (rrivrpov) roD r6opou. 'Ener6r1 6'3rc tdrv dvogepop6,vrrlv rorror6pcrl lalpirrlv (nopoyp . 47) nporfrcrer,6tr citg <r6opoq> voeTtur ivroOOu ro o0vol,ov rdv do'r6prrlv ro0 o0-puvoD, inrrupoOrcr td oupn6poopu (nupayp. ll), 6u f1 yfi )uoyilerutrilg rot6louo'o rd r6,vrpov rflq o0povtou o<paipaq.

46. 'fI rour6tqg rdtv d[6volv tflq yflq xci ro0 otrpavo0. flepiro0 ci[ovoq neprorpogflq rqq o0paviou crrpuipug 6 0pvrp6oq bruprvendl,rv rdv npdrov 0na,rvrypdv eiq tov flpvov rflg rpuoecrlq (nupayp. 13),dnorol,dlv oOrr1v (oKqfiroDlov> (9,25). "H6rl 6roo'c,rpi(er 6tt ro <orfln-rpov)) ro0ro dvqrer eiq tqv yflv, norofpevoq rrlv d,noorpognv : 6?fflxy-ro6ye x)nwoio nd).ou (26,4). Kord, tdv orilov ro0tov, dgo0 td orfrn-rpov tflq yflq eivar rd <to0 nooryvrboroD n6l,ou>4, 6dv e1vCI,t 6uva,rdvvd eivot dl,l,o d,no rov clfovd rq6. fl],qv 6po4, rbq npor0nter drc tdvotilrov (25,8-9) rdlv dvurpepop6,volv rorcrlr6pcrl (nupoyp. 47),6 n6l,ogo6toq eivor 6 eiq rdlv n6l,olv rflg o0povtou o<paipuq, npoqo,vdlq 6' 6Boperoq. "O0ev, 3rc toO ouv6uuopo0 peta r6v l,e105vrcov (nopuyp. 45),nporfnrer rd Evraiov oupn6,puopd, 6tt n yn e0piorcerar eiq rd r6v-tpov rflq o0povtou orpuipuq roi 6 d(rrlv rrlq nepuroDrur eiq tdv o0-pdvtov n6l,ov. Iuvendlq, 6 d[ov rfrq yfrq e1vor xsi 6 ff(olv ro0 o0-pavo0.

47. "H nepi tdv ii[ovu t{g T{g nrprorpoqt co0 o$pavo6. 'C)qei6opev, (nopayp. 12 rsi 15) (6 o0povoq 61,[ooeror nepi yoTov> (3,3)rcai oi dor6peg eTvar <rurl,6evrsq nepi tov 0p6vov)) (6,4). 'H6rl 6 0-pvqr8oq l,6yer eig rdv r5pvov rflq yflg : neqi rfiv xdop,oE nil.u\at\d"oEd.orgav eiAefuat g6oet d.ead.E xai gedp,aot \ewoTE (25,8-9), iirot,nepi trlv 6noiov yflv, 6 nl,ouotcrlq 7rr?rorK1l,p6vog rc6o'pog rdrv dorpovTrsplorp6rpetur. Iuvendlq :

a') 6 <r6opog)), o6trvoq i Vn rcor61er rdv <0p6vov>r, iv r(l (p6-oqD)) a0to0 eTvor 6 r6opoq rdrv fforprrlv, Kdi

B) drpoO n Treptorpoqrl rdlv dor6pcrlv roi toO o0puvo0 ivepyei-rdr lrrpi trlv yflv, rore 6 ci(crlv Trrprorpoqfrq nptnet vd, eTvor 6 d[rrlvrflq yflg 6 rotul,rlyov eig rdv n6l,ov. 'AlI' 6v roroftrl rceptnrcboer6 d,vagepoprvo€, rilq <ncofyvoo'roq n6l,oq>, etvcr 6 o0p&vtoq rui 6-Xr 6 yrlrvoq, 6ottq 6dv flro 6uvu,r6v, rbq roi orlprpov, vd e1val yvCI-orog roTq nd,orv.

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

'EB ol,l,oD rd gt5oet &.ead.rp xai qedp,aot 6ewoiE, 66vOtor v' d,ro-6o0fl, Kot' 6worov, rilq 6(flq : 6 r6opoq tdlv fiorpov fitptorp6gercrtdevdcoq, drol,ouOdtv tdq Ooupocrtdq tpoltoq rflq fieptotpoqtrflg Kt-vqoecrlq (<peupoor. 6ervotg>).

48. 'H Tfl fisprotpfqetcr eig 2gp6vov ioov fipd€ tdv 2gp6vov flt-pr,otpog{g to0 oripcvo6' { dotprxil rlp6pa. 'Eg' 6oov, rbq 6},e10q(napoyp . 34),6rd, toD 6pou <n6l,oqr> ivv6ouv oi 'Opgtrcoi, ouylp6vrrrg,t6oov td crrpotptxdv o'Xflpd, 6oov ru,i tqv TrtplorpoqTlv rflq Yfr6,6dv 0d d,nqteito iocoq peyol.ut6po 8reurptvrlotq' 6 6' Hppeooq tp6noq,tdv 6nolov flrol,ouOrloopev dvrrltrlpal (ncrpoyp . 45-47), riiote ir rflqbndp(ecrlq d(ovog eig trlv yflv vd, ouvdyerot n neptorpoqTl rqg nepito0rov, 6dv flro incapairnroq.

fl6pov 6prtlq roi rdv 66o tofrcrrv 6e6op6vov 0ndplet ooqTlq n8tcrrfnolorg tflq rtptorpogflq tflg yflq eiq to 6n' dprO. 2 &noonaop6-rtov, td 6roorrl0dv 0no toO E0oeptou (Eilayyil.md. rraQ. 13,12). To0-ro npotpyerlt dno tdv 'Iou6a,Tov fitpvcoulrtKov <ptl,oootpov -

'Apr-

oroBoul,ov, 6ottg &vag6petot roi Bv tfr n. Ato0qr11 (A' MoxaB.,a' 10)' flto 6' o6toq ofpBoul,og rai 6r6&orol,oq 6vog tdv fltol,epoi-rov (11-9), rord, nd,oov nr0cv6trlta toD E', to0 "Enrgovo6g, Booil,eu-odvroq rotd, rd. 6tq 20+-181 n.X.a5. Oi ottlor 24-26 toD iv ),oyrpdnoonoopotiou Ulouorv rbg 66flq : T6gG yde Erl, d.orgoto ngeehexai ogatgrle xtvrlp,' dpvi y06aa rbs negrc6)").et xux).oreQiE, Bv iggre xard. ogdreqoy xya6axa. "Hrot, rotd 1,6(tv : <At6tt iyvirlpt(ev (fl-ro ei6qpov) rllv fiopetov toO &otpou rai trlv rcivnotv tflg (oOpuvtou)ogoipaq rcepi trlv yflv, roOdq ofltq (i yn), otpoyyfl,q o6oo, neptotp6-qerdr roi 611 roi Bv 1o'rp lpovql nepi tdv i8rrov tqq ff[ovo>.

"O0ev 6r ndvrrrlv rdrv dvrrlr6prrl ouvdyovrq,t oogdg rd, 6€qg oulrre-pdopato 6rd, trlv yflv rcoi trlv o0pd,vrov orpoTpov :'

u') q Tn e0pio-retcr dv tQ r6vtpqD rflg o0povtou oga[pog (rcopd"yp.4s),

B) etvCI,r ogdtptKnou (rcopoTp. 34 roi 48),y') Eyet d(ovo nepi tdv 6noTov ntptotp6qetor (napayp. 48)'6') 6 yrlrvoq d[crlv Bnerretvrrdr tttXpt to$ or)pav[ou n6l,ou (na-

pdTp. 46),e') repi rdv ff[ovo toOtov ivepyeitor f1 neprorpoqTl tflq oOpuvi-

ou oqotpog (napoyp. 47),g') n neprorpoqTl yflq rui o$povofi eivar ioolpovoq' d,otptrcr'1

qp6po (nopoyp. 48) rcrie') f1 neprorpoqtl Bvepyettor B6oet guotKdrv vopalv (napoyp. 47).'All,d, td0to, ouvrordrotv d,reputrop6vov td 8eftepov orc6l,oq rfrq

flltorevtptrffg i66og, iitor rqv nepi rotvdv d(ovu, ioolpovov ?r_tpt-orpoqTlv yflq Kdi oOpovo0, rqv 6noiov t8t8oancov oi 'Opgtroi 3000ne ptnou Etrl npiv tl 6 Kon6pvtKoE i6ronorr10fl rdq 'Op<prrflg Ttpoe-l,efoerrlg 6o[ooiog tdlv flu0oyopeicrlv roi ro0 'Aprotdp1ou.

10

ENOETON T'

E1vor 6d lcrpoKrrlpronrc6v, 6tr 6 'Apror6Bou),oq, eiq tu 16l,11 roDf' n.X. oidlvoq, 6ev nopouoia,o'e tuq ),opfipoq tufroq 6r6oorcal,iuq rdtv'Opgrrdrv i8trdq rou, d),},d rd,q d,veqrpr cbq dvuyop6vCI6 eig tov Mou-ooTov, o0rrlroov poOqtqv toO 'Oprp5alq, ro0tov 6d roi dnorsl,ei<ei6qpovo)), Tdgw rfiq'Aorpovopiug.

H HAIKIA TON OPOIKON YMNQN

66. 'H ttqofa x[vqorg toO {}'iou elvar dr6ppolo rfl€ perapatr-rfi6 xrvrloecrlq fig Tflg. 'E1,610r1 (nupayp. 24 roi 3l), 6rt Brqoiu rt-vqolq ro0 r]),iou eirovi(erat, rilg ytvop6vq Bq' ctppdroq (p,d.orryt l,rye-gfi rerqd,oQot' &Qpo 6rc5xay' 17, l9]). Eiq rov o'ti1ov o0rov rd Sni0etovt<retpd,opov)) dvog6petor eiq tcrq r6ooopdq 6no1uq. 'Al,l,d, roi npoKel-p6vou nepi rq€ yqq yivero,r pvetu to0 &ppatoq ro6rou, 6t6tr l,6yeror6t' o,0tqv : raaQogdguu Cetjtaoa rayS\gop,oa &Qpo ),edyroty (26,3),iitor, <i (eDqdod rd tul66popov ffppu, rd 6noiov otpouo-rv oi l,6ov-teg, oiuveg BrpovtDodv rdv ra0pov)). "O0ev, ir to0 ottlou roritou npo-rfntet oo<pdrg, 6tr i yfl <(euyvfer)) rd to6 6rouq cippu. 'H i66a a6trlinovsl,opBdvetar rco,i eiq rdv ripvov rflq P6oq-yflq, 6nou l,6yeror :(Trpdq 16prv oou 6 l,6,crlv, 6onq dg6veuor rov ruOpov, 66qyei rcoi npo-lropei rd &ppo (ro0 6touq), to gripov ror)q (t6o"oupag) iepoDq tpoloDq(tdrv Bnoldrv)>' (fr ltq raagogdaoE ieghqoyov &gp,a rrcatyet ll3,2l).

Iuvendq ,6l,orl,qpo0rur roi iv toTq l,enropepeturg rqq fl f1l,ro-revtprrq 6r6saru),iu rdlv 'Opgrrcdlv. Ar6tr 6rc rflq ouoletioroq rdv6uo re),eutotov lrrlpirrlv (26,3 rui 13,2),&vorpepop6vcrlv eiq rqv yfrv,fipoq rd 7 ,19, 6nep l,6,yeror 6rcr tdv fil,rov, ouvdyeror 6tr of 'Opgrroiouv66eov tr'1v Brrloiov rivqo'tv roD <f1l,rc,roD> ffpporoq Trpoq rr1v 6tr1-otov rtvqotv roD <yrlivou> ffppotoq. 'A],},d to0ro o06dv dl,l,o 66vo-tur vd o'r1paivq, eipq p6vov 6rt fl rtvqorq to0 fll,iou Bni tflg Brl,a?rrr-rfrg flto ouv6retu rfrq rrvrlosoq tflq yflq. 'Ed,v 6d o'uo'leti,orrlpev, rt-Ioq, td, d,vcrlr6pc,l lcoptu npoq rd <6 fil,roq El,rcer rov r<6o'povD (7,9),Bg' o6 By6vero X,oyog (nupuyp. 28), 61opev piov nlrlpq rono06rqorvto0 6l,ou (rlrrlputoq iitor : 'O fi),roq 6l"rer tdv r6opov (yflv)' oDvr-neig rflq 61,(errlq rafrqq n Tq rtveTror nepi rov fil,rov' dnor6,l,eo'pdrflq rrvqoroq rflq yflq eivar f1 3ni tflq irl.erntrrflq rcivqorq toO f1l,iou.

"Ofl 6d to &ppa, ro 6noiov (euyvuer f1 yfr, td oup6pevov r)noto0 1,6ovroq60 etvot s0ro toDto rd fll,rorov cippu nporfrcret oagdlqBrc tdlv raralr6pal.

67. Ai ioqpep[ar xai oi tponai ini tflg ix],,erntrxflg. To &ppa,,rd (euyvuprvov 6no rflq yfrq, Xdpcr,Krrlpi(etor rbq &Qpo )"e6wan, raa-gogduaw (26,3)' Bnsvol.opB&veror 66 : liE (l,6rrlv) rauqogdvoE rnalyet(ouper 6pop6a4) rd dQpo (13,2).

1l

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

Adv 6uvsro,r vd ou1plxefl picr ffl,l,q Eppnvelo 6rroq ire[vqq, rd0'qv 6 l,6rrlv roi 6 Tcap' o0ro0 goveu0eiq ro0poq eivor of 6uo 6r tdlv8rb8ero d,orepropd)v rotr (rp6roro0 ,6rd, p6oou tdlv 6notolv lropet 6fil,roq iv tfl 6rl,ernt1Kfr.Td 611 6d oi'Op<prroi yvrrlpt(oDor rcai 6vopo-(ouot A6ovrcr rai, ToUpov, roD6 66o drc rdrv (co6tor6v d,otepro'pd)vroi 6n dlprlorponoiouv td v0v io16ov 6vopotol,oytov tdv (rp8trrlv(6cltrlv, toO f1l,ta,ro0 6popou) 66ei10r1 6rd tflq nopcrO6oerrrq tdlv rorul.-l,ql,ov lrop[rov ($ 17).Euvend)G,69'6oov ro &ppo ro (euyvfpevov 0ndrflg yflq, 6tov0et rrlv 66ov 6td, p6,oou rdlv d,otepropdv ro0 Tor5pouxoi ro0 A6ovtoq, 8errvfetor 3[ o0roD 6tr toDro eivor roi rd q],rorovffppo. 'Ed,v 6A ouyrpivoprv ro retgdogou &Qpo (7,19 rcoi 16,5), rd6noiov 66r1yei 6 fil,roq Trpoq td iegdrgopu &Qpo ro 6noiov lig rmat-uet (13,2),lrCIporqpo0pev 6n, 3vQ rd npdltov ouperc,r 6nd rdlv ino1dv,td 8efrepov oDptrdr rind ro0 A6ovrog. 'A-l,I' 6 A6rrlv, 6ncoq roi 6 To0-pog tdg dnoldg nd),rv roi p6vov Bnrorlpotvouot.

Ar6tt fl eirrilv, Kde' nv <6 l,6crlv ofpet 8popoicrrq ro fippor, d,no-6i6er piav ,rpoTpc,ur6rqru,, eiq rrlv neptnrcrlorv rord, rnv 6no[ov 6dotepropdg o6roq nep#yet rd 0eprvdv fll,roor&o1ov, 6nou 6 fil,roq,o0 p6vov nc6er dvepl6prvog fipoq Bopp&v, dl,),d, <poivetut rbg norirovrrvofpevoq, E[ o6 ra,i npo6ruryev 6 6poq <f1],roord,o'rov>. 'A-Il' 6rov6 Afrrlv neprflq trlv Oeprvqv tponrlv, r6re 6 pvr'lpoveu6pevoq To0poq,e{vor 6 0epe},rrb6qq d,<rrepropoE rflq Buprvflg ioqpeptcrq. flpdypan 66,to 6rt0trov (roupog6vog> X,6orv, rflq norrlttrfrg eirc6voq to0 f1l,roroOfippotoq, l,opBdvet orirro .ruprol,eKttKqv o'rlpootov. Ar6n 6 fil,roq,p61pr tflg doprvflq iorlpepicg,66euer o'uveldlq d,veploprvoq, dl.l"'ebptoretor nd,vrore Bv r(r vortrp flpro<polpiqD ro[ o0povo0, eiq tdvTa0pov 6d 8toBotver rdv io'4peprv6v, e ioeplopevog eig td Boperovflprogotptov ro0 o0povo0. Aro to0ro roi eiq tqv XpTloltlorcoroup6vqveir6vo, 6 To0po6 d,norel,et rdv <rp6l,arco> toD Boprvo0 iorlpeprvo0orlpetou' rflg 6roBdoeo4 ro0 rll,iou Br to0 voriou flproqa,rptou toDlerpdlvog (rsi ro0 0avdtou) Trpoq ro Boperov rlprogolprov ro0 6opoq(roi rflg &voyewrloeoq rfl6 (otflq).

ETvor 6d yvcrror6v, 6tr Tcd.p' 'Opgrroiq Kdi Ev ouveleig iv roiq'Eleuotvtotg lrDorrlptor6, d,nvo t6pu0qouv 0md to0 'Opqrrco0 dorpo-vopou' Mouoatou rui E0p6l"nou, 6vo6 6r rdlv Oepelrarrdlv to0 'Opgt-opoD, f1 guo'mq Erc,6rrq,oio rflq petoBdoerog dno toO lerpdlvog eiq ro'6ap, ircut[o0r1 Trpoq rrlv perd,Boorv Br toD Oo,vdrou fipoq rnv (alr]vKdi ft 61,11 puorqptorrl l,erroupyia ilntBl,ene eiq rrlv 6t6oora),iov rflqouo26edotoq tc,0rq6 rdv inoxd)v rrpo6 rtqv (rrlqv. 'Evtr00ev rai f1 0uo[oro0 <Baprvo0 raripou>>, nepi flg ytveru )u6yoq 8v toiq At0moi6 (150 -155), dl,),d rai yevtrcirrcpov of rdDprKdi Ouotor, of dzra,vtdroor Kde'6l,qv trlv drtdorv rflq Mrvcorrflq roi Murrlvoirflg 'El,l,d6oq. 'EvreD-Oev rui 6 (et8rrlpoq fil,roq (qove0er)) tov gul,dKd To0pov roi 6 A6rrlv,6 ouprrlv td fll,rorov 6ppu, ro,l,etror (roupog6vog>. 'Evre00ev roi 6ra0po6 roi f1 0uoto rou oupBo),i(ouor tqv (oltlvut.

l2

EN@ETON T'

Euvendrq, o[ orilot (26,3 rai 13,2) dvorpdpovrdrKupro, tdv (rp8irrlv rflq irl,ernrlKflq, rdv Ta0pov rflqpioq rcoi rov A6ovro toO OeprvoD rll,tooro,o'tou.

eiq rd 6uo roiBuptvflq io'qpe-

* 'EK rdv 6uo dprOpdlv, 6 npdltog 6r11,oi rdv "Ypvov rcoi 6 6e6tepoqrov mt1ov.

12. Eig rrlv Meoonorupia,v, 6nr,tlg )"tyet 6 Coud erc, ptyprg drcopr1roi, tdrv BoBul,rrlvtordv lp6vrrlv (dpldlv tflg B' lrl,tetrlpi6og lc.X.), 6o0pov6q, &ro0opiorou natrovq,Oecrlpeitor ro[],oq, neprd,xov ro <Er tdlvd,vrru fl8oto. Auo 0upor, tl ptq fipoq dvstol.&q, rl 6' cil,l,q Trpoq 6uop&q,Enwptnouv eig tov fil,tov ru,0' 6rc6orr1v npcrliov vd E(epgtxal Br rflqdvatol,rrflg roi vo ei,odp1eru,r, td Sonfpoq, 6to tflq 8unrfrg eiq rqvru,torriov roD. (16,17). Eiq rqv o0toKporoprrqv, 6( cil,l,ou, Kiva,v nr-pi ro 1700 rc.X. nto'teferat 6rt f1 rotrordpo 6yrq ro0 o0povo0 eivor tni-ne6og, rurcl,trr'1, orrlpi(eror 6' drtvrltoq 6r' 6rrrb otul,rrrv 6ni tdlv ne-pd,rrrlv rffq yiS. Mero(D tfrg r0rrrl dryeorq toD o0povoD roi tflq Tflq,0ndplouor rd dorpo. o[ orDl"ot, d,pxrrdq, flou,v l6ror rsi 6 o0puvoqnapululunloq tflq yflq. Ksr6nrv 6proq rCI,tCI,rl,uo'po0 rlvoq, 0n6orr1 ro-0i(r1orv 6 odl,oq ro0 9opp0, 3[ o6 rai oi dor6peq rrvoDvrcrr 6( d,vcr-rol.6v Trpog 8uopdg (16,21).

44. Trlv d,rtvrlo[ov ro0 no],rro0 do'r6poq t(nrpiBooe npdlroq 6Br tdlv lrvdlv dotpov6prrlv fro0-Efl, tdv KZ' oi. n.X. (3, 89).

45. Ot 'Iou8crTot tdrv 'A-l,e€ov6prvdlv lp6vorv 60eouv eiq rurl,o-qopiov fior,qpdro, 6g to ro0 'AprotoBor5l,ou, eig td, 6noicr dvepeiyvu-ov ot[1ouq ir tdlv 'Oprptrdv retp6vrrlv peru i8trdlv rcDv, dnopl,6novreqeiq to vo 6ei(0)otv, 6rt of dploTor 'Opqmoi tnioteuov eiE ilvo 0e6v,6ortq 6dv flto ci,l,l,oq eipll 6 Oeoq frolBe rflg fI. Aro0nKqq. A0vurar vd,0errrpq0fl nl,6ov rbq p6porov, 6rt ot'Opgrrcoi, tQ 6vn B661ovro 6vo rcuip6vov Oedv roi i6i6c,oKov, dtr oi rcol,ucbvDpor Oeoi rcri 0eurvoi toO l,so0froov ai ir8ql.riroerg, i6iq tv rfr g6oer, ro0 6voq rcoi p6vou @eoO. flepiroritou 6pt)"ei ourpdlg Kdi 6 flporl,oq, nopo06rrov pdl,rora porpdvdn6ona,opd tflg 'opqrKqq 8t8uorcoluiag, trc 42 orilrrlv, Bv tQ 6pyrp rouEiE Ttpatou lf).draaoE (2, 95, 34, 49).Bl.6ne Kdi 40, 456 - 458.

46. flepi to 1700 n.X. eiq rrlv Ktva,v, rbq nporfnrer 61 6roo'rrl0er-o'dlv d,nerrovfoecrlv, napto'rcrto 6 r6opoq 6r' ffppotog, ro0 6noiouro Kuprov odpu &nertl,er f1 Tfr, rlrrq eiye oxflpd mrpoTovm6v, trlv 6ecrren4v a0ro0 6 orpoyyul,oq o0puvo6. 'H yfl nepteruKl,o0ro 0nd rco-odprrlv ouyKolvrrlvouo'dlv Ool"so'od)v (16, 2l). Ilopd, roiq Meoonoru-ptot6 rflq tsno1frq tflq NrnnoDp (Eoup6ptor), rbq l,6,yer 6 Dreyer (19eiooyoyrl), n yn E)royi(ero, cbq 6poq 8rdrpqrov, irp' o6 torrlpi(eto 6o0povoq. Bpa8urcpov, eiq rqv BuBul,dlvu, n yfl BOe olpetro rbq inr-nl,6ouoo rdlv 06drolv rbreuvo0 (16, 17 roi L7, 3). flop' Aiyurcdolq flpdv yfl eTvct ne8roq El,urppdlq roil,q, TrrplKDrcl,oup6vr'1v 0no rdlv 06d,-

13

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

rov ?rordlro0, o6uvog 6 Netl,oq d,norel,ei 6rorcl,66crrotv, ro 6d o'6pnovEyet o1flpd 6pOoycrlviou nopo),),ql,entrc66ou rrBrortou (16, 20149).'Eni ro0 noropoO ro0rou 6 fi),roq irtveito Eni ),6pBou roto trlv v0rtorsi BK tflq 8uoerrlq ,6td, to0 Boppd, Srp0dvtv eiq rqv dvotol,rlv (24,78).'All,d, roi eiq rnv 'El,l,d6o, rdtd, rqv l,otKqv dvdl,rlrytv, fl Ttl flto6nine6oq neprBal,l,op6vq 0nd ro0 rilrecvo0, rbg nporfnret 6x tdv 'O-pqprrcdrv indlv (20). Kord rqv 'Hor66erov @eoyoviat, f1 Bn[ne6oq Yfl8rolrrlpi(er eiq 6uo rd ogotptrdv oupno,v (40, 96). fevtrdlq, 66votorvd, 1,e10fr,611 5),or of dploiot l,ooi Oeropo0ot trlv yflv Bnine8ov, orq-pt(op6vqv Eni otul,ou i1 6ni to0 ri6otoq, r5g'o6 Kdi neptB6),l,eto (16,16-17).

Kor' E[otpeo-tv d,nc,vrd,rct pio i66o rcepi petedrpoD Tflq nopd toiq'Ioporll,trotq. Eiq to ptBl,tov to0 '.Ioif (t<tq. 26,7) )rtyerut: <<'Erte(vrrlvBopeov dn' o066v, rpepd(tov yfrv Bni o06ev6q>. Adv eivot yvcootdvoUre noToq eivar 6 ouyypoqer)q tofi prB],iou toftoD, oUte noioq 6 Xpo-voq tflq ouyypdgflg o0ro0. Kottot 6d eird(etdt, dtr iypdqn rord, roDqIpovoDq tfl€ BoBul,orvrorflg ailpol"rrro[oq (586-538 n.X.), 8v to6-rorq rno're0etdt, 6rt rd BrBl,tov to0 'IdtP d,nr11et ncl,ototfpoq Tcapa-66oerq (48,6).

60. 'Ed,v eiq rov orilov (26,3) Xpnolponoteirq,r 6 r),qOuvnrdg<L,6ovreq> to0ro, &q' 6voq ytverot ldptv 6prpd,o'eroq Kdi &rp' 6t6poud,norel,e[ norrlnrcqv 6r<ppootv, cbq d,rprBdg rcoi orlpepov oupBoivereiq tqv X,oyorelvtav rui pdl,totd trlv notTlotv.

6I. T6oov nol,D 6eo'n6(et 6 tospoq eig 6l,o9 tdq 6rc6ql,roottg,rc,rd, tor)q 'Opgrror)q 1p6vouq, d5or6, eig dnooroopdnov 6rooro0dv0no ro0 Ilp6r),ou (40,458), 6v0o rrlpfoo'trdt 6 povo0elopoq Kdi 6Zebq, 6 6otr1p rflg (orflq (nopan. 29) 6ql,o0ror rbq elq ra,i povoq Oeoq.A6yetot, 6tt dvqrouotv eiq oOtdv r a ti Q e a d' d"p,po#qa1e 66oTgg6oem x6,qara duaro)'tr1 rt 66oq rt... dp,p,ara 6i fiil'dE re xai dvrt-daoa oe).i1vr1' ao6E di oi &peu6fiE, Baohi1rcs, dg7rcos ai?i1q (dnoo'n.6ov, 24,-27). 'Evre00ev Eppqveurrc,t roi n puOol,oyoupfvq lrstd-popqootg roi ro0 i6iou to0 Atog eiq ro0pov.

Arrurol,oyo0vrdr, o[5rcrl, eio'6tr roi of r6oot dncrlvuplot, oi o1e-tt(opevot npdg rdv ts0pov: <taup6rspog)) f1 oel,qvTl'(lr6o'Xog)) 6 npdt-roq prlv ro0 6touq' <BoDq)) 6 pnv iv y6vet rl,n.

T4

EHMEIOI\ [ATA

IHMEIQMATAKAI IXOAIA

'Ynd E. n. ZEPBOYKc0r1yr1to6 flavenrotrlp[ou

(K6 6rd.c, Xa a&.n I6rr

' O p,r1ptxfi i naqd.\oor1 t dv o@or Cov XaQazrrrlqt o p,dt'v' r d.t \ \

- / - \ t ) Dl \ \

paVqpaTL?(a TrlE lpuX,oyQaVLaE' Ttou T ayapaVrLot 6ra veQa

4q rdittLvogQooliuqe 4 V@vi ro6 Kugiou) p,eraogvtp,arl-9\r-er\ ! f

eoytaE To't) %oopo tav r1ptitata 6Tov 24oopo r@',) P'aQTuQ@v'I \ t - Q/ t \ \ . / A . l e 1,7 \ en' l ' ]

yLu ya €enrl)rlorl arto Trl ouyAeor1 ToUg o AQLoTLa'PLTroE ,attrl'arcp,dE, rr,od d drilgrc plQoq ro6 pdopr'adq rou 6go0lrrloal)6 "AyrcE Koop,d4 6 AfuaAdE xai 6 Karoaambarle' yarjoru't ' '- ' n | ) / et ' \uoxil,ta xaiTeldva pLaE pouvLoLaE a7(,eQavTo6aa\e t o7aou 71

rt nomil,la daanLrlpcbuouu riy txtaorl xai 6noBd)J.out, riyEIagor1.

T:1t '1 | e n / ,s i I e \ -

) f

Lip Aeitlset o pouatoLog a)el.pog Toug - oQprl rou aueqou,plard. dtuo6, oxitprl xguord")J"wr1 odt, riq nrlyflE d.aeqd. xai

\ \ \ l - faDlxogtegfi odu rlq xrsrQeE tod t6nou, AepeurLa ii),arcu, )"rc6-rrlra xai nsQnarrlod. roondarl, nloul xai &ydnr1 xui ),6yoEKoopcd,) ((oxra1it Karoatrritvrl - nod 0' dyaxrjquooat, oi nat,il.-' ' 'A1r6orc7o rflq'Aorqoaop,iaE, tie BnmrrjprlE nodAqvtg 6a'v\vdtvet Odgaad xai frl. Md rtg1u afudE p'i ila Kc\ora Xa-odnr1, dnd dq i6rcg orgdreE, &nd d. 'i6ru pouad., p,i ro6r '7 \ ' \ / \ tdv1ednveaoroddaxtmdI\o6pa Tqu ao?4rlTL7(,rl vT@xLa %aL

AOyO.'Avenaud.lrlnrog 6 lr,aQarrlarruiE tod oiquvoi KcSoraE

Xaodnr1e' il wflnoxdnrc ro6 yuqrci xai p'oaadmfi nsQl'ou-ota rc6 grayoi 6aoxd.7ou 0' dnoondorl rd nayx6opLo qs-xdQ yd rc6s peruPArltoi:E d.otiqeE' 0d EXrt ffi'Arl pd Vo-

15

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

Ad amrloet t7 [tpil,iygrt ro6 toil"td, riu ndyonLrl Edq@nT,ilnrttE tdte, ord. pouad. riE Bogelou 'Hnelgou' fxan,onoubaragxai ilE tttu6}E tCoy %alr,trauatay tdu \rlp,ottxdy rQayouddtyXaoanatoy.

Pr1€m/),eu1oq d EgeuarlriE - pa?rlp,atmdg - d.orgoudp,oEKcboraE Xaodnrls not 0' duaxaluryrt rfi yuanrl ro6 fi)"n-%er)rQL%o6 ouorrjp,arcE ntoa dfi' rcdE'Oqpmodq Spwoue .'AndriE ouyxToyrcrtxritreQee nayxdopLeE dt,axaAtJyteq.

Qorc6hr7e 6 6d.oxd"oE riq 'Aorgoaopttag KcboraE Xa-odnrle' 86io ratqn(e uxai d oxdrog |ytaerc pd)ED...

Kai B prq. ' O Xaodnrle rraQarrlQrlriq, pa7q par txdE ,forogmdE, Egeuurlrile xai 6d.oxa),og 6iy firaa nagd. rd. rr1ea-qrjparun xai rrnog(,opraro) yd dy dt,6ga rd Baotxd rr&.(tapaldra' il 6noio 61' ahd. Byaluaye ody duayxaieE ouudnercE firuu6 Xaodnrle 'AnfiotoloE riE 'Aorgouop,laE, 'An6ord,oE rflq'EnrcriprlE."16rcE Kooprd.E Afua16E, p,i rfiu i6m ntorr1 ordXgwr6, riu i6m dydnrl yLd rdy du1gamo, riy i6m nuoilro6 @eo6 p,6oa rou xoi p,6ao \mgogertxd d ngd; rraQouota-6rl dutmelp,il)o.' Andotil,og riE' Aorqoaop,to.E yeaurj?rl%s,80vart6ord"o rig 'Aorpouop,taE rdy xardratt i p,' BoarcgtxfiX,aQd p,aQruQtxfi xai rd,md. aisro?uomormfi nogefu ro,u,'A-orgoudp,o ro6 "E?youE tdy &aaxrjgute rt xowfi ouuetdrlorl.

Z' adrdy noi dydnrloe rcdE oayat 1prbnoue rou od. ydrayil,ot d66Agm rou) ordy Krbom, Xo.odnrl nod il€ugu p,6uo yd.6tar1 - ro6'Anooril,ou \mxpmmd yuagrcpn - 6.gp6(etrd Bnt-rdp,Brc : r(Euag "Au1garros p,6oa 6ri (o6yxAal.

l6

OE MATA

H ZQH KAI TO EPTO

TOY KANXTAI\TII\OY XAXAIII'Ynd MAPQE K. TIAIAOANAXIOY

'Aotpov6pou

rr"oorry o6v raneturboTl 6awdy rig d nadioy to6to, ofu6E

Eorw 6 p,el(aw Eu tfi Baoileig tdtu otqavdtvtt (Mt w1' 4)

Md ro0ro ro e0uyyel.trd i6d,rpto ed pnopo0o;t vd, Xdpd,Krn pio't1Kd,veig rrl (ron Kdi td 6pTo roD Meydl,ou At6oordl,ou, dotpov6pouKcovoiuvrivou. Xao'dnq. Tunetvq d,vOprbnrvrl brqpooq 6voq peydl,ounve6pdroq.

ievvdeqrce orig 4 (17) ZenrepBpiou l9I4 orn B6poto, dl,l,u pe-ydl,o6e orov'AotdK6, 6nou pd oteprlo'etq tflq <ptrrllotd,tr'1q oiroyevgioqtou tel,eto)oe rcai td 8qponrco. Koi Bvdl td pe),l,ov 6ldypoq6tuv dB6'-

Boto yrd, dq nepurt6p0 ofiou66g tou d,no rqv ?r-dvle},fl 6l,l,erryq ojro-uopr*dru nopc,lv, tov yvalpi(er 6 ot6r1po6p. oraOpdp1\q_'Epp. IUBBo-noul,oq roi od,v dno pq1dvfrq @eoq dvol,upp&vet td, 6(o6d rqq pop96-oecirq rou.

'O veupoq Xoo&nqq dno gorrqrrlg dropq to0 Ar8a,orcol,eiou 'Irrr-

cvv[vov 66er1ve 6tr npoKard,r vd, E(e],l1efl od Bnrgdvfl fiveulrdrtrdv&v6pu. Koi q zcol,rl tdrv 'Icoovvtvtov '6yet rrlv ttpn tq elvor Bxeivrl, -noD61r povo rov itprl,o(6vqot ord ArDdoKoItTo tr1q, dl,l,d roi 6nou o0tdqilrcuve tqv nprbrq rou 8qpooto tpqdvtoq, tqv rc p cb t 11 r o u <d o' r p o-voptt( t l ) ) 6rd, l ,eEt l , od f , l , t rcto pol , rq I7 X"povdrv. Ar6tr qEneTle Kdrd,Krqoer tr'1v VDIq tou f1 Mo0ou tflg 'Aorpovopidq- Kdi oi npoo-n6-0er6q roD Botpdrpovto nl,6ov otrlv ernl,qpCIorl toO 6vetpou roD :vd ytvq d.otpovoPoq.

'Htd,v dpcrlq fie7rpo)p6vo tou vd nepd,oq nol,l,dg 8orrpooieq ptXptvd, yivrl povov

-dotpovopog' Oe),qpo @eo0 ioorg, ytd, v' dno8et10fl n

npdytrdi6o peydl,r1 d[iu rou. Oiroyeverdpplq _dno td 1938, dv roiflnolpearpevog vd, Epyu(erat od,v 8dorol,oq o'' €vd ptKpo ltoptd to$'Ayfliviou, 6d- 6ioro(e vc, rpoprrovetut rcd0e pp66u td prrcp6 tou tr1l,e-

T7

EAAHNIKOI AOTOE

ox6nro rcoi v'dveBotvn pldq ropog 6popo oro Bouvo yrd, vd, r0vr1 rofuu-repsq fiaporTlprlo'erq. 'All,d, roi 6tov perer60r1 otd 'Aypivro, orrlv6m0erbpqoq, ouvflroe tig Tropdrqpqosrq rou orrlv fluncorpdreroE1ol,q.'Eni nl.6,ov, no[pvovtog roi ro &no],utr1pro roD yupvootou,nor) t6te fltcv dv6tepo ro0 At8oorcl,etou, 6rove rd 1943 rrlv Byypdgntou o'rd Mo0rlpatxd Tpflpu ro0 ilovercrcrtrlpiou 'A0r1vdv. @uotrd,6dv noporol,ouOo0oe tig napa66oerg, Bg' 6oov Bproxorov ord 'Aypt-vro.

A0ro8i6orroq l ,otndv d,orpov6pog or6l ,ver r i6 ?rdporr l -prloetg tou otdv 6r&o'r1po dcrrpov6po Campbell, 6 6noioq pd Bmo'rol,r1rou ?ipoq ro 'Aorepoo-roneio 'A0r1vdlv (r1rqo'e vo pti0q not6g eivor 6B[uipe toq o0toq fidpdrn pnrrlq. 'H Bntoro],r] a0rr1 (r5rvr1o'e ror)q dp-po8toug roi rdv 'Iovoud,pro ro0 1946 6 veopdq 8rioxoloq - 6pootr6xvnqdo'tpovolrog Xoo"d,rcrlg prrdri0erar orrlv 'A0r1vo rai d,noond,ror ordv'Aotpovopxd Ero0po flevr6l,qq, ytd, v' dpliorl rcrd, rrl (oltl rou cbg<<d,or p ov 6 p oq Xoo6r nqr.

Oi goBepdg ouvOflreq 8roBtrbo'eog - X,opiq qdg roi vepd - otd&orrlnrd Epqpnrrtpro, nof Kdr' e0grlpro'po l,eyordv <<'AorpovoprKoqrroOpoq flevr6l,qq>, 6dv Eropvdv rqv &6d,pdorn 0e1,r1o'r1 rou rci rdna,0og tou yrd, rrlv d,o'tpovopta. Md rqv ouprccr.payrdoTl rfrg d,gavosqqprrfrflg o'uvrp6gou rou 'Icrprlvrlq, 61r povov [nepvtrd, dg 6uoxo],ieq,dl , l , " ( ,pyeror rai 3 gopeg ndyKootr io€ Trpd)roq or ig rcapd-rn pqoag peroBl,qrdlv dordporv.

Ard,orltlo€ rrdpdrqpnrrlg, 6dv neptopi(er rqv 8paorrlpr6rrlrd roup6vo orrlv ra0aprl trcrorrlprl rd,vovrog Tcapd.r'rlprloerq' fl npoogopdroD Trpoq ro rorvd 'eyet qEq dpltoer. fpd,ger rd, dorpovoptrcd &pOpuorrlv iyrur),onat8era <{"Hl,rog>), 6iver cip0pc rou orig Egrlpept8eg,rdvet 6ro),6(erq.

'H nprbtrl tou 6pcrl6 tpgdvrorl rbq dorpov6pou - ouyypdgrog eryeytvet nol,D npiv_dvdTvoploeTl fl &\iu roD, to 1935, pd rrlv Er8ooq roDBtBl,tou rov rr'H Cri Eni ro6 nhaurfuou "Ageaql (140 oel,i6eq). 'H d(to-l,oyrlor'1 o0ro0 ro0 6pyoD rou pnopei vd, yivrl rcreu0eTuv d,nd rd, ypogo-pevd rou ordv np6l,oyo : <<...'EK rdrv dvcrlr6prrl, yiverat rord8rll,ovnoiov revdv 'epyerat vd, rgl,uvTl ro nopdv 6pyov eig trlv 'El,LqvtKqvBtBl,roypagtov. At6tt rui E)ruytord - iorrlg orire neproo6rcpd rdlv5 - 6 - eivcr rd, 'Aorpovoprrd, 'El,l,r'1wrd o'uyyp&ppdrd, dl,l"' o06dv6pro6 r]nd,p1er olertrdq roi ei8rrdlq pd tdv n?ruvflrrlv'Apnv...)).

Td 1957 6[e6o0r1 \ rr Z$yxQovoE'Ex)"a\xeuprdurl 'Aorpovol"rta n roD840 o'el,i6eg), 6pro - 6ncrlE 6 l6roq l,6yer - (npoopr(opevov 6rd tde0pu d,vayvrrlourdv rcorv6v, 6ra rdv 'El,l"qwrdv Ao6v, 6rd, rdv 'Onoiovtd Eyporyo roi eig rdv 'OnoTov rd dgrepd))).

Ae(tor6xvnq rflq n6vvag, pd rr'1v <Ao1rq 'Aorpovop[u> rou pdgo8rlyei oriq dloveig neproldq ro0 lr5pnovrog ra,i (evaycbvrog poq lrcoo,o' cr0rd p&g 6eilver rd, Ooupdo'rc, ga,rv6pevo ro0 o0povoD roi d,norsl,u-Tcrel td, puotrrd rou. 'Ar6po rcui rapu, 16 yp6vra perd, rrlv 6rc6oorl rou,

l8

@EMATA

ro BrB), toui td d,norel ,e1 &o' t p ov optrd e0a yy6l , r o. Koi to0-ro $totr, ru0rbq to Eypove pe orond vcr, purlorl dl,r'10rvd, toDq Neoel,),q-vrq otqv d,o"rpovoltiu, fidpoDord(et yl,oqup6ruta Kdi Brnotqpovtrio-ro.xa 6Iq tqv Bootrrl dotpovopto. Ar1l,u6r1, dve(d,ptqrd, dno ttq oqpe-prvdq n(el,i(elg rf,q inrorqpnq rui tqv 8torDttooTl v6oly dotpovopxdlvOecrrprdrv, td BrB)"io rou naptyet tiq yvtooetq noD rc60e do'tpov6poq'ipoottf1vnq i) Enoyyel,putiaq, npbnet 6nroo6qnote vcl rot61q.

IIepiInVn oOorootrrcr rflq Aoirflq 'Ao'tpovoptoq rou eivot rctif1 v6uyupvdotdKTl Koo poy gag ta (4. Krr l todrr l -K. Xcrodnr1).

'O Xcro&nqq Sproq 6dv neptopio0qre otrlv ?tdpouo[cror1 tflq o'uy-

1p6vou dorpovoptoq.'O(u6eprqq pe).etqtr'1q tdrv dploirrlv S;JLIt]/ov,iov Mdio ro0 1964 rdver dvorcotvoon o'td Euv66pto tdv 'El,l,qvrrlv

Mu0qpottrdrv (@eo/vircn) pd 06po : tr Oi'Oqqmoi"Yp,vol xai fi dor.qo-uop,ta-'xotd. riy B' yilterrlqt\a n. X. tt. 'H nl,rlpqq pel,etq roD ttg.vo)o' oird to 06pu nopouow(er,ut cbq 6t6urtopmrl 8turp_tBq rou pd titl,o :(H 'E).lr1ami1 'Aorqovop,ta rfie B' yt).rcrr1gt6oq n.X. xatd' mie 'Og-gtxodE "Yp,uougD, 'A0flvor 1967.

'H oupBo),Tl o0ro0 toO 6pyou otqv dnoro,td,ordo'n rflq d),q0eioqoletrrd. pd tqv 'Aploiu 'El,l,r1vrKq 'AotpovoptU, eivur tepcotto.Arol pd rov XdpclKtqptotrrc6 tou tp6no tflq l,entopePo0g E[et&oerrlqrdlv 6e6oprivrrlv, tfrq rcptnrcflq Eppqvetdq roDq rcci cruv06'oerbg t-oug 6r'i[oycoyq oupTrspdopd,ttrtv, 6 Xoodnqq dno8etrvrSet : cr) 6tr oi <'Op-qiroi tYpvot>> o'uvet60r1oov nepi ro 1600 rc.X., &.oyi'uoq d,v q Kd,rd,Ypd-gq roug Eyrve rdv 6ov n.X. oidrvu, Bd.oet tdrv d,otpovoptKdlv 6e6op6,volvnoD nepltcyovtCI,t o' ditofq, ro,i B) 5tr of 'Opqrroi gtl,oo'ogot^ eTluvoul,l,6$er

'tqv fll,rorevrptKrl i66o, d,no o0tor)g 6d rqv nop6l,oBcrv o[

Ilu0uyopttot Kdi 6 'Apiotupxoq''Eni nl,6,ov dno8etrv0et, 6tt o[ 'Opqrroi iyvtilpt(av : trlv oqCI,tpl-

r6tr'1tu roi neptorpoqn tflq yflq, ri6 <(drveq>) rflq yflq' 6rr f1 yfl ruteletro *bvrpo rflq o0poviou o'qdipdq, 6 ci(crlv tflg 6noiuq routi(etot pd tdvd(ovu nrplorpogflg tflq yflq' E6i6ao-Ko,v to ioolpovov tflq ngprorpo-qqq rflq yflq roi tflq o0poviou orpuipug' 3000 6tq npo to0 Nerirovoqel1av dnoEe10fr tov fil,to oov El,rrtrd r6vtpo nepi to 6noio tl Tfl fitpt-gfperot 6pi(ovtog tTlv 3r1,ernt1Kt1' Byvcilpr(uv ro oqdtptKo o1flporo0 or)pcvotrra,i toDq 6uo npcbroug v6pouq rflg rtvqo'ealq tqq o0pctviouorpuipuq' 6t6rptvdv tor)q &ot6peg od <nup6evtuq> rai nl,uvflt1G, 6i6ov-rdg toui p6l,rotu td o'qpsptvd, touq 6v6putu' eiorlyoyuv tdv Zrp6rur6,ro[,bproov rTlv Brl,arnrtKq, &v6ntu(uv rtlv dotpol,oyiu ro0cbprod,vtrlv 6i&pKad r60e inoXflq' tyvcbpt(ov no0 6rpeil,ovtut td o0pdvto 96q,ro l,uruDTdq roi td l,urogrog' eioqydydv trlv bvvotu to0 uiOepoq, rbqnlrlpoOvtoq rov X,drpo n6pov tflg yqivqq d,tpooqotpuq' iyvrbpt(dv-rrlvUnop(q 6pirrlv Sndvcrl orrl lel,Tlvn' Xpqolponoro0odv oel,r'lvturo flpe-pol,oyto roi 6i6uoxuv 6n o[ nepi Kpovou p00ot dvurp6povrdt.otdv

lpovo' r6l,oq, 6l,o rcl tputv6pevu ruBepvdlvrdt qfio tdv floycoo'ptoI.iopo ruoi 6r6ner td, navruorov oipcrvo rui tr1 Tfl. 'And 6d rd, <At0rrd>

l9

EAAHNIKOE AOf OE

(6pdq 'Opgtrcdlv retp6vrrlv) nporfnter, 6tr Byvrbpt(ov rcoi tor)g gdKoDg.'And 6l"a o0rd, oupTrepc,ivet : o) 6rr fl dl,r]0rvq inroulpovmrl

dotpovopio 0epe),rrilOqre ordv 'El,l,o6rrco ldlpo nepi, ro p6,oo roi),d-Xlorov rflq f' lrl,retrlpi8og n.X. roi 6g0ooe orn peydl,q drprl rnqrcepi to 1600 n.X. pd tor)q'OpgrKoug'roi B) 6rr roropp6ouv of Oecrlpieqnepi dyvolotcrlv <npoel,l,qvmdrvl> qu),cov otdv 'El,l,u6rro xdpo npivdno rrlv rd0o6o rdtv Arrlpr6rov (neptnou 1100 n.X.).

ruvendlq, pd ro 6pyo rou a0ro 6 deipvnoroq Ar8doxal,og pou Trpoo-g6pet dl,qOrvdg <60vrrcdq 0nqpeoteq)) - ircroq tdlv Bnrotqpovmdrv -6r6rt, 6nroq 6 l6rog ypuger otd r6l,oq toO BrBl,tou rou : <eiq ro0ro,611 8eurepeu6vrcrlg roi dneBl,6ydpev : Nd, 8ei[rrlpev rdv d],q0fl nv6D-pa,rtrdv nol,rrropov rdv porptvdlv 'E),)"qvCIv npoy6vrov pdq rui vd &no-Korc,o'rTloopsv tor5tou6 eiq rrlv norpi8o ro)v, rnv 'E1,1,66o, dnd rqv6noiuv, Bn' d,prerdv toDq i[er6nroCI,v oi 6fl0ev <flpo6],]"qveg> ro0 no-pel,0ovro6 roi oi 6fl0ev <cpr7,6l,),r1veq>> Bpeuvqroi ro0 nop6vrog>.

'And nl,eupdg d,orpovotnKfrq, f1 pel,6rq tou o0rr1 dvoyvrrlpio0rlren6q o'ro i[roteprrcd o'CI,v ((7r o ], u t 1 p q)), roi pd,],rord Kplvopevrl tl o-v ov d,nd rnv retpoo6l,r8q nepil,qyrl rng ornv dyyl,mr1. Tnolg 6dpo0 ypdger od olenrrl Bnrorol,rl tou 6 8tonpenrlq p6ooq ro0rlyqrngdorpovopoq P.G. Kul ikovski j ,0d, rnv r ,dBouv ooBopd)g 6n'g v t u grtl o'uvto[q tflq <<fevrrcfrq 'Io'topioq rfi6 'Ao'rpovopioqr, nor)ed irc6o0fl 0no rllv uiyt8o tqg Are0vo0g 'Aorpovoprrflq' 'Evrbo-eoqq4V] roi tfrg Ate0vo0g 'Evcboerrrg 'Ioropioq rdrv @uorrdrv tEnto.rrlpd)v(ruHPS).

Eivor l ,ornov &ouyx'opnro ogolpo vd tnwptnovrdro'rr1v 'El,),&6u Eoptoo'nrdg er6rll,cbo'ag yra to 500 lpovta d,no rrlv yev-vnon ro0 Kon6pvr5oD_, dq' cigorl 6 pdv 6ranpenrl6 dorpov6poq lrCIqE0y. 'Avtcrlvtd81q irre8er(e 6t' u0tov 6tr dpgdvtoe rilg 61111 tou rn"f1),rorcevtplKq 0errlpta ro0 'Aprord,pxou to0 lopiou, 6 6d <gOvr*dqdorpovopoq) pdg K. Xaoonqg drpepe o'ro gdlg rrlv dplarord,rq 0yr.1l,o03nrn66ou 'El,l,qvrrr1 'A<rtpovopto. 'Evdl ed Enpene vo 6pyuvro0fr od6l,l,qvtrq roi ?rdTKoo'pro rl,tpdKd t rrpoFolq t6v dplatc,rv dorpovo-pmdlv 0r'looupdlv poq.

'A-l,l,d ro nol,unpo Bntorrlpovrrcd dpyo to0 Meydl,ou Ar$uorcdl,ou6dv otopard c66. 'H ooqpuyi8a rflq 6rrlpe&q> nor) 6pepe, rdv rb6r1yr.1oeo'd veouq 6pop_ouq dpeuvrlg. 'Al,r1Orvoq nrordg Xpronuv6q, &Tvoq 6obl,ogtoO @eo0, 6 X-oodnr16 oupgtl,ioor rrlv drcro'rnpovrKrl pd rqv eebi,oyrrrlEpeuvo rdv E0oyyel,irov.

Td 1970 3(e6o0r1 ro BtBl.io rov rr'o 'Aorfiq rfiE Brlil"e6p,t,6nounpoo8ro pi(et d,otpovoprrdrq tdv Xpovo rqq flvvqo-ecoq to'o ;Ir1o.o0Xproto0. Md rov Tvooro tpono rfrq ouorqpanrflg rat l,enropepoDgEpeuvrlq 6l,rrlv tdlv. 6e6opdvrov, dnorl,eier o-ryd, - orya 6),eq dq' 0nrip-Xouorq 0errlpieg yrd, tov <dor6po tdlv Md,yalv>, dlovraq rbq rprrnpidrou rnv Bnro'tqpovrKrl Tvrbo'n dq' 6vdg rCI,i td, eOayyel,md, i6o.pro'dg'€r6pou. M6vov { Oecrlpio ro0 Kepler, 6oo xpqo-rponorei rrlv dmo.rqpq

20

@EMATA

roi Eev &varptyet ord <0nepBattKd>>, dvt6ler ordv '6)reyy6 tou rui yi-vtrdt te l , t rccr, prrpd rpqpd r f lq <@eotptoq Xoodnn, ytcr tdv<'Aotfpd rfrq Br10l,eep>.

'EDd), 6xroq ro0 yvrrloto0 ),d0ou6 ro0 Arovuoruro0 lpovol,oyiouFdg,6 Ar8do-rcol,oE tlou Xpnotpofiotei roi rd, 6(flq 4 ypovol,oyrrd, Kpr-rrlpru: o) 6tr 6 'Ir1oo0q yevvrl04re <dv flp6pdrq 'Hprb6ou toO Baot-1,6o4> (Mt B' 1), B) 6tr flrov 30ett1q 6ruv Bondo'0r1re rd 15ov 6roq rflqflyepoviag toO TtBepiou Kotoopoq (Ar 3' 1,21,23), y) 6tr ro npdrrofldolu ro0 8rlpootou Btou to0 'Iqoo0 eilav n6q oupnl,qpoefl 46'6111d,no trlv dvotro8opqo'r1 toO Nao0 tdrv 'IepoooX,uprrlv ('Irrl B' 20)' rui 6)6tr q dnoyporprl rurd, tqv 6noio yevvrlOrlre 6 'Iqoo0g fltuv f1 nprilrrlnoD Eyrve Bni Kuprlviou (Ar P'2). 'And 6),o 6d o0rd Enerur 6n 6roq rflqfevvqoeolg ro0 Kuplou etvur to 4 n.X. yewrdlg.

"Elovrdg ndl,rv 0n' 6rye1 rou riq n),qpogopieq ro0 Mut0oiou ytd,riq i8rorrlrsq toO <'Aor6poq>> (Bpgdvroq tou 2 ypovto npiv tq fevvqoq,rivqorl, ordor1...) dno8etrvfet,6n 6 <'Aorqp> noD el1av 6fl npo 6re-riuq oi Mriyor fltov f1 pey6l,q luyrevrpoo'Tl rdrv nl,ovrltdlv nepi rrlv8ralrrlprotmr'1 Tpdppn tdv Zrp8ialv 'I10uorv - Kpro0, roD o4perrbOqreotig 13 - 19 'Anprl,iou 6 n.X. 'H dorpol,oTrKTl Epprlvetu u0ro0 ro0<purvopfvou dnd roiq Mdyouq, rdtd, tiq dvnl,qryerq rfrq Bnofflg eKeivtlq,roDq 66aroe td ororyeiu rdlv lpovov o'ul,l,rlryerrlg rci yevvqoecrlg ro0@euvOpcbnou. fr' or)ro roi od,v Erp0oouv o'rd, 'Iepoo6),upo psra tqvfrivvqorl, (qroOocv rdv <Te106vro Boorl,eo> (Mt B' I - 2). Lton el1uv6nol ,oyioa, 6tr n oul , l , r1yr1 Tou (E0 ayy el , ropoq t f rq @eo-t6rcou) i inpene va 6yrve o ' r ig 6 Mapt iou 5n.X. 6n6te rui nfevvn or l Tou 0d, f l ruv or i6 6 Aertp p piou 5n.X. 'EnerEr l6d r'lyenrog nl,ovrlrrlq rflg M. Iu^lrevrprboecrlq flruv 6 ouv8e6pevogpd rqv 'Iou6u,io Kpovoq, nor) dno dg 2 Aiyouorou Errveiro dvd,Spopu(t€ A. npoq A.) rui <iiorq> (6ruve o'r&o'q ordv o0povo) orig 19 Aerep-Bptou 5 n.X., 6rc,v oi Md,yor 6g0ooov orrlv Bq0l,edp (Mr B' 9 - 10),a0roq np€net vd, Oealpflrar 6 <dotrlp> nor) rb8qyqoe roDg M&youq.

Eivor 6e lopuKrqpronrd, 6ou ypdger petu(D dl,l,rrlv otqv Brrevflrpttmq rou ytcr, rdv <c'Aorfpo rfl6 Br10l,edp> 6 0eol,oyog r. II. Iuvru-(onoul,oq : <fl6pov 6d rdlv tntyetpqpdtrrlv ro0 ptBl,iou e0pior<<rl dro-pn ilv, rd 6notov 8vro10er rqv d,nor.yrv ro0 ouyypoq6rrlq 6oov dqopQei6 rqv ipepoprlvicrv rflq yevvrloecoq toO Kup[ou. 'Anopdl 6e ndlq 6Bl,l"oytpog oDyyporpeDq 6dv trlv e6pev 6vtog rflg nl,ouoloq BrBl,roypa-gidg rqv 6notuv Xpqolponotei. 'I6oD ro0ro : 'H 6no8erl0eio'u 6nAer. 5 n.X. cbg ipepoprlvia rflq yevvqoeolg ro0 Kupiou peto06ter dvay-rc,trrl6 tov E0oyyel,ropov rfrq Oeor6rou (wv6o pflvoq evrrlpttepov) eigtd,g 6 Moprtou ro0 orlro0 6roug rai trlv <oul,l,r1\yrv) to0 'Iald,vvou ro0Banno'ro0 (ii( pqvflg evarpltepov, Aour. a' 26) rdv 'OrtcilBptov ro0 6n.X. Arcr, vd, eivor dl,r1OogCIvqq n 6q Aer. ro0 5 n.X. rbq ipepopr'1vic rflqyevvrloeo4 0d, nptnet svtog ro0 'OrrolBptou ro0 6 rc.X. vd, e0pioKrroeig tqv 0nrlpeo'lav toO Nao0 n uBqqpepiu 'Apr6>, eig rrlv 6ruotav dvfl-

2 l

EAAHNIKOE AOTOE

Ktv 6 rdrrlp ro0 'Iod,vvov Zayapioq (AoDK. d' 6). 'O e0rpurlq [no],oyt-o'poq ro0 Scaliger p&q n),rlpogopei 6rr npdyporL i <Bqqpepta 'ABtd>flro tni ro 6pyov (rcotd, td 6tog 6 n.X.) tdg 6B6op66og 18 - 24'Anpil.iouroi 3 - 9 'OrrrrlBpiou ! 'I6of l,orndv piu Bni nl,6ov fidvqTuprrq 6truiro-o1q rflq <06oerrrq> ro0 K. Xuo&nr1> (fpny.6 flol,apdg, @eoiv[rq,Noep. - Aer. 1970, reO1og 620, oel,. 556).

Tov Mdptro to0 1970 6 Xoo'dnqg 6),oBe p6poq o'td luv66pro ro0flayroopiou lupBoul,iou 'Errcl,r1o'tdv, orq fevsfn, rbg ts 7r r o r n p o-vtKoE o"6pFouIoq ro0 Oiroulrsvlro0 I lcrprdp-X,ei o u. Oi eio'rlyrlortq roD, olertrcd. pd trlv ipepopqvto 6oproopo0 to0fluoya, 6nalg rig Srer0nrDoe o'rr1v dvaroivoo'rl tou <Consid6ration as-tronomique du jour de Ia c6l6bration de la f6te de Pdques>, tiyrvsv &no-8ertdq dno 6 I e q dg XptondvrKdg 'Errl,r1oleq, dve(aprrlrog 6oypri-rov. Irqpr(oprvoq o'rd, xo0dpdq d,o'tpovopmd, 6e6opavo yrd, rqv Bopr-vr1 io'rlpepia rcai tqv 6p0rl igoppoyq ro0 <<"OpoD rflq Nrruioq>, o'rTloulv6trlro 6optoo'po0 ro0 [Ido1a od 8rdgopeg 6B6op66eq tdlv Map-rtou -'Anptl,iou rai orq pel,6rq tou 6rd tdv Xpovo tfrq 'Avuordoecrrgro0 Kupiou, eioqyr10r1rce vd Eoptd(erot td Ildolo trlv 8eurcpn Kupro-rr1 to0 'Arcprl,iou nor) rupoiveror flpepoprlvrdKdlq &nd 8 - 14 to0 pr1v6q.

'Apeoo oyert(ilrtvo Trpoq tiq eioqyrloerg tou o0rdq elvat td re-l,eutaio peydl,o Spyo roD (ro0 1971, dv6r6oro d,ropq) : rlfqoo\togt-opdE ro6 Xgdaou rfiE 'Avaord.oeaE ro6 '111oo6 Xgtoroi,u, rcor) d,note-l,ei o'uvtyew roi 16l,0g rfrq e0yevrrflq npoona0etoq rou - noi dplroepd rov <'Ao'r6,pd rflq Br'10),edp) - vd, ra0optcrn rd lpovmd, 6prd rfrgZa\q ro0 Kuptou.

flpog ro0ro Xpqortronoret ciq nlrlporpopieq rflq II. Ato0rlrrlqoletrrcr, pd tov lpovo roi rp6no 6oproopo0 ro0 'EBpotro0 fftio1o'0(erd(et td iolfov r6te EBporro flpepol,oTro' dvul,6er dq e0uyyel,rrdqei8qoerq ytd ro tel,eutsio lld,olo to0 'Ir1oo0 rai peru &no u0rr1 rql,opnpq rprrtrq dv6l,uor1, npolcrlpei orn ofv0eor1, &no8errvfovrcqpd d8tdotlotd o'torleiu t6oov dno dorpovoplKfrq, 6oov roi dnd 0eo-l,oyrrflq nl,eupd,g, 611 6 Kuprog o'ruupcirOrlre rrlv flopoorceuq (nopa-povn) to0'EBporrco0 f ld,olu 7 'Anpr l , tou roi &vdorr lenKe <6p-0pou Bo06o9>) r tv Kuprarr '1 9 'Anpl I tou 30p.X. Koi 6dv0nd,p1er dpgrBol,iu, nrog n 6r6ooq s0ro0 ro0 rel,eutciou peyd,l,ou6pyou rou 0d, dnorel,6oq dl,r1Orvd, rE dy r 6 o p r o yeyov6g.

Kord, roDg 3 rel,eurcioug lrfrvsq rflg (roflg roD, ord n]"aioto rflgBntotrlpovrrfrg o'uvspyo,oioq tou pd ro "I6pupa Er)yev[6ou, Eyporye prd,vrr Odgat,oyqapta t rcui rdv vecbrepo u Illaailrrl " Aprl l roD, not n8q6(e6oOq.

Tel,er6vovrdq ar)rr1 rrlv Trd,poDo[ooq ro0 Emorrlpovtro0 6pyouto0 Ar6oox6l,oD pou, 0d0el,o vd, dvopepOdl pd l,iyo l,oyra rai otqv Evy6vet fipoo0fim6rr1rd rou.

"Av0prrlnog nor) <d,rnvoBo),o0oe> ruprol,ercnrd, Kr d,norel,o0oetrdTvr l rq pd, rdv r6opo. Meydq Ar6&orcl ,og, pd 6In rnv

22

OEMATA

oqlrdo{d rflq l,e(errlq, Edv nop6l,etrye notd ndpo dq nol,l,dg d,o'1ol,teqroi eig Fdpog rflg r)yetoq rou vu npooq6pn tov 6out6 rou otoUq o,Dvdv-0pcbnouq rou pd tiq d(enepoorsq od BntornpovlK6tqto rui y),oqDp6-rt'lrd 6tul,6(erq rou, pd ancond vd pdq rco0o8rlytlon ocrlv 'A-l"rl0etu.'Al,l,d, rai 6 r6opog, votrb0ovrdq tqv dyvq nveupunrq fipoo'gopd tou,'Erpeye o0Ooppt1rd, Kovtd, tou nl,qppupi(ovtoq tig ulOouoeq, 6nou rtdv o0toq Spgovt(6ruv. "ATvdq oo,v <ndt6iov>r, pd dn6pavtr1 'Aydnrl

roi Xorpio, Ercpupe pd trlv &nl,6tqtu rcoi rul,crlo'uvd,rq rd?rttv6tqt& rourqv <Iqpoyt8u rflq Oeioq Aropedg)). fr' u0td roi Ocr, ruepdoouv dr6ponol,l,d, Xpovtd V€Xpt vu 6)"0ouv otd qdq 6l,A td 6p7u rou Kdi v' d,vn-l , r1q0o0v Trpdy1ldcrd, of dvOpcr lnot n6oo peydl"oq f l tov 6Kalv or dvr iv oq Xuo&n t l q.

Mdq 6guye o'riq 10 'Ioul,tou 1972 yalunvlog pd trlv dn6puvtrl niotqrou otdv @eo rai blovrdq tel,er6oet td 'Epyo tou d8dl.

Ilor8i (rvsDlrd,trr6> rou Kt 6Yril, pe dve(itr1l,q trlv o'qpuyt8o tflq?rdpouotu6 rou otqv VDXq poD, Bl,enrrl rrlv 'A0&votr1 Orrltervrl YuXrtrou od,v iEsvmd rui tqv fidpd,Kdl,dl vd, 66qyfl tcr, Bqpotd pou otdv Oeio6popo tflq 'Al,r10etuq, 6nou 6<p0ooe uit6g.

23