ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 1University of California, San Diego CARTA

Philo Judaeus, 25BC- 45AD

“… The are called communitaetherapeutrides,… because they professan art... more excellent than in generaluse…for medicine only heals bodies but(these) heal the souls which are underthe mastery of terrible … incurablediseases of pleasures and appetites…..”

D.Deitch, PhD 2

Enduring PrinciplesConcern for the state of our soul and our physicalsurvival

Search for meaning: transcending truths

Challenge and admonish with love

Be invasive - accountable to the community

Public disclosure of acts, fears, hopes, guilts

Public expiation for wrongs done

Banishment is possible - - done with concern forsurvival

Leadership by elders - - by models

D.Deitch, PhD 3

Small Christian groupRapid Spread

4th Century - ConstantineSell out to RomeDisclosure/expiation accountability shift

Select Monasteries

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 4

15th Century

Luther - Disclosure/ Expiationaccountability shift“… only when we have firm faith is it

sufficient to confess to God”Reaction to making everything a sin3 parts of “Penance” Contrition -

Confession and SatisfactionThe value of confession to another

D.Deitch, PhD 5

1696 Quaker - MutualAdmonition and Correction

Those attending meetings for disciplineshould “Labor to know that their ownspirits are subjected to the spirit of truth”……..Lodged in the elders and overseers.“The walk and conversation of members

1772 - John Woolman

D.Deitch, PhD 6

1700’s Wesley Brothers atOxford

1738 - Boards of mutual confession anddiscipline - Homogenous groups - Eachmember was to confess his/her faults andtemptations and the state of their soul -and to accept criticism. In order to beaccepted to the group each had to declarehis desire to be told all of “his” faults evenif this should “cut to the quick” (1743)

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 7

England - Gin Epidemic

Mutual Aid SocietiesTemperance1800’s - Mangnus Huss- “Alcoholism”

D.Deitch, PhD 8

1840’s Washingtonians

The Four C’sConfessionCommitmentCommunication from eldersContinued participation and sharingEconomic assistanceActs of service towards othersSober entertainment

D.Deitch, PhD 9

Temperance and Mutual AidSociety Movements 1800’s

Good Samaritan (I)Black TemplarsNational Temple of HonorOrder of Good SamaritansEtc.

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 10

Homes and Asylums

The American Association for the Cure ofInebriates (1870)Brooklyn Homes for Habituates (1891)

Intemperance as a “disease”American Association for the cureof inebriates

D.Deitch, PhD 11

Baptist

“ Persons who had withdrawn and otherswho had misbehaved, were repeatedlyadmonished and final cancellation ofmembership was made only when hope of“recovery” was past and by action of theassembled congregation”(Grace Abounding 1670)

D.Deitch, PhD 12

Methodist

“That we will watch over each other inbrotherly tenderness each endeavoring toedify his brother”A majority could suspend an erring brother -

but expulsion was unanimous1818 (Buck Rvn Church - Taylor)

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 13

1841 - Kidder - “TheChristian Pastorate”

“We learn that where classes aremaintained they are inadequately suppliedwith “leaders” and too large for effectivefunctioning in the old intimate way”

D.Deitch, PhD 14

1900’s Oxford GroupsFrank Buckman(1938 Moral rearmament)

Confidence: speaking truthfully Confession: saying the true and difficult thing Conviction: Having a sense of wrong-doing or guilt Conversion: acceptance of an altered way of life Continuance: helping others as you have been helpedAbsolutes:HonestyUnselfishnessLove

D.Deitch, PhD 15

Psyche to Corpus

1905-10 Joe PrattTB Group

1920 Tigant BurrowLyfwynn Community

1930’s Elton MayoHawthorn

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 16

Corpus to Psyche1935 Alcoholics Anonymous

Bill W and Dr. Bob S.Akron Ohio41 “Saturday Evening Post”

1943 Dr. Max JonesTherapeutic Community - England

1958 SynanonDederich‘61 LIFE Magazine‘65 Movie Synanon‘62 Nevada Prison

D.Deitch, PhD 17

Characteristics ofLeadership - DederichOhioJesuit EducatedGM EmploymentMastoid SurgeryBombastic -LoudSanta Monica - BeachZenTranscendental PhilosophiesEmerson - ThoreauLSD - Experience

D.Deitch, PhD 18

Early SynanonCharacteristics

Mix alcoholics and criminal heroin addictsInvest in recoveryIntuitive use:DissonanceCognitive demandBehavior shaping toolsPhased systemFirst expansion - prison - Nevada

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 19

Synanon Shifts

Money making enterpriseElimination of reentrySeparate (Utopian) CommunityLife stylersRepertoire limitations of leadership

D.Deitch, PhD 20

Daytop

‘62 Criminal Justice PopulationCoerced Treatment

‘64 Mixed Population Gender and StatusUse of mixed staffPhased reentryConfrontation with usersSocial learning and extinguishing of stimulus cuesJob findingReferred to as Humanizing community

D.Deitch, PhD 21

Therapeutic CommunityExpansion

‘65 Efren Ramerez, MDTherapeutic community language

‘67 Expansion of model -New York City Phoenix HouseOdyssey HouseSamaritan HouseTopic

‘68 Illinois Drug ProgramGateway

PrisonActivity

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 22

Therapeutic CommunityExpansion California -‘67 Mendocino family‘70 Walden House

Philadelphia -Gaudenzia‘70 Abraxus

New MexicoAlbuquerque

Rhode IslandMarathon House

Florida Village South

D.Deitch, PhD 23

70’s - 80’s - 90’s

Centerpoint - Cry Help - MetamorphosisCrash - AmityEurope:Sweden - Italy - Germany - England

AsiaEtc.

D.Deitch, PhD 24

Critical Theorist Influences

Existential Psychotherapy - Karl JaspersIdentity Therapy - D. CasrielIntegrity Therapy - H. MowrerValue hierarchy - A. MaslowTime Extended Therapies - G. Bach,

D. Casriel and D. DeitchBehavior Shaping - SkinnerBehavior Therapy - Wolfe and Lazurus

Multiple Leaders ………………….

ΚΕΘΕΑ- UCSD – CARTAΗ ιστορία των Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων

Σημειώσεις

David A.Deitch PhD

D.Deitch, PhD 25

ModificationsAdolescentDaySchoolEveningWomen and ChildrenBrain / InjuryMICA / Dual DiagnosisGeriatricPrison

D.Deitch, PhD 26

Bibliography

Deitch, D. “Treatment of Drug Abuse in the Therapeutic Community:Historical Influences, Current Considerations and Future Outlook” DrugAbuse in America , Vol. 4, National Commission on Marijuana and DrugAbuse, March 1973.

Glaser, F. B. “The Origins of the Drug Free Therapeutic Community”,British Journal of Addictions, 76 (1981) 013-025.

Knibb, M. “The Qumran Community.” Cambridge Commentaries onWritings of The Jewish Christian World 200BC to AD200, Vol 2.

McNeill, J.T.. “A History of the Cure of Souls”. New York, Harper(1951).

Luther, M. “Correspondence and other Contemporary Letters”.Translated and Preserved. Two Volumes, Philadelphia, 1913.

Bunyan, J. “Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners.” London, 1902.

D.Deitch, PhD 27

Bibliography Continued

Kidder, D.P.. “The Christian Pastorate.” Evanstone, Ill, 1841. Maxwell, M. “Description of Washingtonian.” Quarterly Journal of

Studies in Alcohol. Vol. 11, pg 410-51, 1950. Casriel, D. and Deitch, D., “The Marathon: The Time Extended

Group Therapy.” Current Psychiatric Therapies 8, 1968. Jones, Maxwell, “The Therapeutic Community”, Basic Books, New

York, 1953. Deitch, D. and Zweben, J.E., “Synanon: A Pioneering Effort in the

Treatment of Drug Abuse and a Signal for Caution.” Clinical Issuesin Drug Abuse, Williams and Wilkins, 1981