4

:

:

(). O Bowlby

. ,

. ,

.

-,

.

1

4

.

Bowlby

Cambridge Craik (1943).

,

, Bowlby .

,

,

.

(Bretherton, 1991 Bowlby, 1973 1980 1988).

(West &

Sheldon-Keller, 1994).

.

,

.

,

, , , ,

. Stern

(Stern, 1995) : )

, ) )

.

Stern

, .

,

, ,

2

4

.

Bowlby ,

.

.

, .

, (Peterfreund,

1983).

.

- (social cognition)

.

.

, ( )

.

-

-

. Gestaldt

(Bartlett,

1932)

-

. , -

,

3

4

(. Fiske & Taylor, 19841990).

,

(.. , )

( ,

..).

.

Mary Main , 2,

,

(state of mind), , ,

.

/

.

.

.

(.. Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991 Baldwin, 1992

Baldwin, Fehr, Keedian, Seidel, & Thompson, 1993 Collins & Read, 1994 Collins,

1996).

1990

- . 1990

,

(Baldwin, Fehr, Keedian, Seidel, & Thompson,

1993 Baldwin, Keelan, Fehr, Enns, & Koh-Rangarajoo, 1996)

(.. Collins, 1996; Pietromonaco &

Carnelley, 1994).

4

4

.

-

,

.

( ,

,

)

( .

Macrae & Bodenhausen, 2000).

. ,

Bargh (.. Bargh, 1997)

(top-down)

.

. ,

Bower (.. 1981)

.

-

.

Nancy Collins -

, ,

(Collins & Read,

1990 Collins, 1996).

- .

Collins & Read (1990)

, ,

,

.

,

5

4

.

(.. ,

).

(,

, , ).

,

-

.

-

(relational schema Baldwin, 1992).

Sally Planalp (1983 1985)

. , Planalp

: ,

-.

, Mark Baldwin (1992)

, .

Baldwin

(Baldwin, Fehr, Keedian, Seidel, & Thompson, 1993)

.

.

Inge Bretherton (1987 1991)

. -

(Anderson, 1983. Smith, 1984 Baldwin et al. 1993).

,

: ,

6

4

.

.

( ) (

) ,

( )

.

/

.

(lexical decision task). ,

.

( 72

).

(

).

- .

Baldwin

(Baldwin, et al. 1996).

10

(

). 88%

, 47%

.

.

.

7

4

. Baldwin et al.

- :

(availability and accessibility, Baldwin,

Keelan, Fehr, Enns, & Koh-Rangarajoo, 1996).

-.

(Kelley, 1968).

( ),

.

,

(Baucom & Lester, 1986 Epstein, Pretzer, & Fleming, 1987 Fincham &

Bradbury, 1988 Fletxher, Fincham, Cramer, & Heron, 1987 Margolin & Weiss,

1978).

,

(Fincham, 1985.

Fincham & Bradbury, 1987 1989 Fletcher & Fitness, 1993).

.

- .

(social perception)

,

,

(. Markus & Zajonc, 1985).

(), .

(Sumer & Cozzarelli, 2004)

8

4

(. )

.

-

.

Collins & Read (1994)

. ,

. ,

- (, , )

.

Collins

-

. (Collins & Read, 1990)

,

, ,

.

,

.

(

,

).

(, , ,

). Collins & Read

-.

- .

(..

, reaction time)

.

9

4

Collins (1993. Collins & Read,

1994)

.

. ,

,

).

(..

, / )i.

.

(.. Shaver,

Collins, & Clark, 1996),

(..

Sroufe & Waters, 1977) (Kobak & Sceery, 1988).

.

,

(schema- triggered

affect Fiske & Pavelchak, 1986 Markus & Wurf, 1987).

/

(Shaver, Collins & Clark, 1996). ,

.

.

, . ,

,

.

10

4

, Collins

. ,

.

,

.

/ (appraisal) (.. Berscheid,

1983 Lazarus, & Folkman, 1984).

.

(Doherty, 1982 Fincham, Beach, & Nelson, 1987 Fincham & Bradbury, 1988

Fincham & OLeary, 1983). , 5.1

,

. ,

.

,

,

/ .

11

4

( 2).

,

-

, .

,

. ,

(

, . 3);

.

. ,

(Shaver & Hazan,1987 Bartholomew & Horowitz,1991)

. ( )

5.1 : Collins (1996) ,

12

4

(Maseyless, 1994) .

-

. ,

( ,

, , , );

(outcomes)

,

.

,

.

, Collins & Read (1994)

(top-down) .

(. 5.2). ,

13

5.2 : Collins & Read (1994)

4

Collins & Read (1994)

: 1) , 2) ,

, 3)

, 4)

.

Collins & Read

.

Lazarus .

Richard Lazarus (appraisal)

.

Zajonc 1980

. , Murphy Zajonc (1993)

(affective)

.

, Collins (1996)

.

.

Collins & Read

. ,

(1 )

(2 )

( ,

) . , ,

.

14

4

.

.

,

.

Bowlby (1969) Crittenden (1996). O Bowlby (1969, .113)

/ (appraisal):

. -

(3) (4)

. , Crittenden

(mental) .

.

. ,

(, , .).

( -).

, (heuristic),

Bowlby .

Bretherton (1987) .

. Bowlby

.

,

.

(1990)

15

4

(traits)

.

.

(Bowlby, 1979 .204). , Shaver

Hazan (1987)

(1987 .511, .521 ).

:

,

(Carnelley & Jannoff-Bullman, 1992, .5),

.

,

(..

Jones et al., 1990 --

). ( -

1990) .

,

.

,

-

.

(Bartholomew (1993).

. ,

16

4

(Ainsworth et al.,1978 Brazelton et al., 1975 Stern, 1974 Sroufe et al.

19831984).

/ .

.

Collins

Lazarus

.

,

Lazarus

. Zajonc

.

.

(.. McDougall, 1908), - (.. Cannon, 1927),

- /

(... James, 1890/1922).

. ,

,

1950.

17

4

,

:

- (e.g. Bower, 1981), (Frijda, 1986),

(propositional theories Lang, 1979) -

(ie. Power & Dalgleish, 1997).

(.. Beck,

1976 Power & Dalgleish, 1997).

(cognition)

(,

, , , , Fletcher & Fitness,

1996). (emotion)

/ .

Bedford (1956) ,

,

.

(.. ). / (affect)

.

(top-

down) (Frijda, 1986 Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, & O'Connor, 1987).

1980

:

; ,

;

,

(Zajonc, 1980).

. ,

Zajonc ,

18

4

. (

)

.

Zajonc (Preferences

need no inferences)

. Zajonc

,

, -

,

.

-

. Richard Lazarus (1982.1984)

.

, .

Zajonc

, ,

.

Lazarus

, ii.

Lazarus (1984) Zajonc

. Murphy and Zajonc (1993)

-

- (

).

/

,

(p. 67, Powell & Dalgleish, 1997).

19

4

.

.

.

, Zajonc

.

:

,

(. Sroufe et al. 1983 1984). O .

( )

( )

/ ( )

1. ;

2. ;

3. ;

20

5.3: Lazarus

4

.

(Goldsmith & Alansky, 1987 Thompson,

Connell, & Bridges, 1988 Vaughn et al., 1992).

(Ainsworth et al. 1978 Sroufe & Waters, 1977 Sroufe

& Fleeson, 1986)

(Cassidy & Kobak, 1988 Kobak et al. 1993 Kobak & Sceery, 1988)

. Grossman Grossman (1991)

.

.

-,

(Kobak & Sceery, 1988).

,

, (Dozier &

Kobak, 1992).

(Mikulincer & Orbach, 1995). Fuendeling (1998)

affect

.

.

(Simpson, 1990 Magai, Distel, & Liker, 1995).

(Simpson, 1990).

,

. 1980

(Kobak & Sceery, 1988).

21

4

( )

( ). Fuendeling (1998)

(trait)

.

. ,

/.

,

(Sroufe & Waters,

1977 Berman, Marcus, & Berman, 1994).

(. )

(.

/ , .)

. , ,

(.. Nelson &

Panksepp, 1998).

,

(Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978).

() ,

( .)

. ,

.

- ( anxious-avoidant)

(disattachment)

22

4

. ,

- (C anxious-resistant)

() ,

.

(control systems)

(Kobak, Sudler, & Gamble,

1992).

( ).

() (Dodge, 1991).

( )

( C)

.

(- [repression]

[hyperactivation] )

. , Kobak Sceery (1988, :

35)

.

(Ainsworth, 1985).

(Kobak et al. 1993) (

).

(Kobak & Hazan, 1991 Simpson, Rholes & Nelligan, 1992

. Miulincer & Florian, 2001) .

23

4

- P. Crittenden

Pat Crittenden

.

. Crittenden (1995)

. ,

. Crittenden

:

,

(Lymbic

System)

.

(Le Doux, 1997).

, Le Doux,

- .

.

.

.

, .

.

(Lymbic system)

.

(, )

.

-

-

24

4

-,

/.

/

. /

. /

( ).

/ ,

,

.

, ,

-

(Kafetsios, 2004).

. /

-

.

.

.

/

, .

(Mickelson, Shaver & Kessler, 1997 Kafetsios, 2003).

Crittenden

1. ,

.

( 4

). -

25

4

(

C5-6).

.

5.4: Crittenden (1995) ( Prof. P. Crittenden)

,

C /A

B

AD

3

1-2 4

1-2

3

4

A5-6 -

C7-8 -

C5-6

C3-4 -

C1-2 -

26

4

. Bowlby

.

Mikulincer, Birnbaum, Woddis, Nachmias (2000)

(priming)

.

- .

(.. ,

.) (lexical decision).

Mikulincer, Gillath, Shaver (2002)

.

- (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2001)

(Mikulincer et al., 2001).

(Pre-emptive) - (post-emptive).

:

, -

.

- Fraley,

Garner, & Shaver (2000)

. , -

, .

.

, (

-) - .

27

4

.

(Bower,

1981). Joseph Forgas

(Forgas, Bower, & Katz, 1984).

.

.

.

.

Pereg (2001)

. Pereg (2001)

.

( ECR)

: ) (

), ) , (

-).

.

(.. /

).

.

-

.

28

4

( )

( ..

Kelley, 1968).

- .

Shaver Mikulincer (2002)

(working memory).

.

Pereg

.

:

(Isen, 1987). Barbara

Frederickson - (broadening).

Isen

(Isen & Daubman, 1984 Isen,

Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987).

Mikulincer and Sheffi (2000)

. ,

.

29

4

,

,

.

.

,

.

.

.

Zikos Kafetsios (2003)

.

, ,

Jim Russell .

Russell

Frederickson

(Tugade, Fredrickson, & Barrett, 2004).

( & , 2004)

.

, Michael Cohen Shaver (2004)

Cognition & Emotion

30

4

.

(

) .

(Cacioppo & Gardner, 1999).

.

( - ).

.

.

,

(, )

.

,

,

.

(Mickelson, Kessler & Shaver, 1997).

(Davila, Karney, & Bradbury, 1999).

31

4

- (r (82) = .26, p

4

.

.

(

)

.

33

i Bowlby . .ii - , , ( ).

: -