ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗ ΚΙ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΗΧΟΥ

1

..4

1

1......5

2. ....6

2.1 ( ) .6

2.2 ( ) .7

3. o .11

4. .14

4.1 pi, pi pi, .14

5.- .16

5.1 pi .. .17

5.2 .18

5.3 . .19

5.4 .21

5.5 -...24

5.6 Leq. .25

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2

2 -

1....26

2. .26

3. ..27

4. .....30

5. .31

3

1.. .33

2.. .33

3............ .35

4. ....36

5...40

5.1 pi ...41

5.2 pi ..41

5.3 .42

5.4 pi pi .43

5.5 .44

5.6 ..45

6..46

6.1 pi...46


3

6.2 pi ..47

6.3 pi ...48

7. .49 8. pi ...50

9. (calibration)..51

4 1...53 2....53 3....54 4....56


4

pi pi pi pi . , pi . , pi pi pi pi pi .

pi . pi pi 10-20 pipi pi ' pi pi. pipi pi, pi pi pi , pipi pi pi pi , pi.. , pi pi pi pi pi pipi.

pi pi pi pi .

pi pi , pi pi pi pi. pi pi , pi pi . pipi . pi pi pi pi pi pi pi . pi pi pi pi, pi . pi pi, pi pi.


5

1 -

1.

"" ' pi . pi pi ( ) pi pi . (. 1). "" pi pi pi pi pi 16z 20z, pi pi pi pi .

1.

pi , (), pi pi pi , . pi , . 2.


6

2.1 ( )

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2. .

pipi pi (), pi . pi pipi pi (pi ) pi pi pi pi (. 3).


7

3. pi pi pi. pi pi pipi f pi pi pi ( pi pipi pi) sec. pi cycles/s . Hertz(Hz) pi pi pi (. 3). , pi pi. pi . pi

C=r

rg

0

pi 0 pi, pi ( ) , pi 1.4. (20C, 1 atm), pipi 344m/s. f, c pi pi c = *f. 2.2 ( ) pi pi pi , . pi "" pi , pi ' pi ' pipi .


8

pi , pi, , pi pi' . pipi pi pi , pi pi pi pi pi . pi , , pipi pi pi . . pi . pipi pipi . pi . 4 pipi .

pi cL=r

E

pi pi . cL 1.

4. . . pi pi pi pi . ' pi pi (. 5). . c pi ( pi)


9

1. .

(GR/CM^3) (dyn/cm2)

cL_(cm/sec)

2,7 72.1010 5,2 . 105

11 ,3 17.1010 1,25. 105 7,8 200.1010 5,05. 105 7,8 210.1010 5,1 . 105 19,3 80.1010 2,0 . 105 8,9 125.1010 3,7 . 105 pi 8,5 95.1010 3,2 . 105 7,13 13.1010 1,35. 105 ' 2,0 28.1010 3,7 . 105 1 ,8-2,3 7,7.1010 1,9 . 105 0,7-1,0 2-10.1010 1 ,5-3,5 . 105 0,4-0,7 1-5 .1010 2,5 . 105 0,12-0,25 0,03.1010 0,43. 105 1,2 7.1010 2,4 . 105 2,5 60.1010 4,9 . 5 Novopan 0,6-0,7 4.6,1010 2,7 . 105 1,7 4.4.1010 1,6 . 105 pi 2,3 26.1010 3,4 . 5 1,5 0,03.1010 0.1-0,17. 105 Plexiglas 1,15 5,6.1010 2,2 . 105 1,9-2,2 16.1010 2,5-3 . 105 pi 0,6 5,4.10 3 .105


10

5. . CB = 4 ''

2

mBw

pi =12

2Eh pi, =2pif ,m

pi h pi pi.

pi LC = rE

, pipi pi pi

BC = fhCL ***8.1

pi pi pipi pi pi m. pi , Bl pi pi pi pi (. 6), pi pi pi pi .


11

6. pi .

3.

pi pi pipi pi (pi pi.. ) .

7. pi .


12

pi pi pi , pi . pi pi pi pipipi pi ' (pi ) pi ' (pi ) (. 7). pi (pi.. pi) pi , pi 0 pi pi pi . : ) 0 pi .

8. pi pi .


13

=0 pi pi gf pi . pi

=2pi 42 ''mB

w 0=

wpC2 =0 pipi

gf = B

mC ''2

2

p

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9 pi .


14

9 pi pi pi pi pi . pi pipi pi pi pi 100-3200Hz pi .

4. pi pi pi pipi pi. pipi pipi pi pipi , pi . "" pi pi pi pi . pi pi pi pi pi . pi pi . 4.1 pi, pi pi, , pi pi pi pi pipipi ' . pi pi pi ( ), pi pipipi pi. pi pi pi , pi pi pi pi pi pipipi. pi pi pi . 1 ( pipi pi) 0 ( pipi ).


15

10. pi pi. pi a pi pipi . pi a 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 4000Hz pi pipi . pi pi sabins. sabin pipi pi m2 pi a=1. pi pi pi pi (, pi pi) pi pi pi pi ' (pi.. , pipi, pi pi). pi pi pi pi pi

-

= asA * opi 5 pi a pi. pi pi pi pi


16

. sec pi pi pi L pi pi pi 60d pi . pi V (m3) pi pi (m2) :

( sec) = ( )( )23

163.0mAmV

Sabine, pi . pi pi pi pi .

11. . 5. - pi pi' pi pi . pi Desibel(d) pi g m, sec pi. pi pi pi pi pi. pi pi pi. , pi.. pi pi , pi, pi 20 10.000.000 a. pi pi pi .


17

5.1 pi pi pi (t), pi . pi pipi pi 0 pi pi pi pi (. 12)

12. pi . pi , pi pi pi . pi

~p pi pi

( )dttpT

pT

=0

2~ 1

pi . pi pi 2.


18

2. pi ' pi

~p {/ 2m )

pi L (d)

2.10-4 20

2.10-3 40

.pi 2.10-2 60

(pi.1m) 2.1-1 80

pi (pi.10m) 2 100

pi pi pi pi L pi

2

0

2~

log*10ppLp = ( d)

pi 2 pi 0 pi ( , . pi pi ) pi 25 /10*2 mN- 5.2 - - pi pi pi pi pi . , pi pi pi pi pi ( Watt/m2). pi pi pi pi pi S =

S

IdSP

pi pi pi pi pi pi , pi L ( pi) pi

0

log*10PPLp = ( dB)

pi pi pi 0 Watts1210- .pipi L

pi 3.


19

3. pi

(Watt) Lp(dB)

10-6.....10-5 60.70

-3.....10-2 90....100

101......102 130...140

( 1-100 w) 10-2.....10 100...120

(800 w) 10-1 110

(600 s) 102 140

103......104 150...160

103......105 150...170

104......108 160...200

5.3 pi pi pi, pipi pi pi , pi pi . pi pi. 2 pi L1 L2 .

2

01

21

log*10ppL =

2

02

221

log*10ppL =

pi pi, pipi:

10101

20

21 L

pp

= 10102

20

221 L

pp

=

pi

+=

+=

+= 10101010log*10log*10log*10

2120

22

20

21

20

22

21 LL

pp

pp

ppp

Lol

pi L1, L2, ... , L

=

=v

i

iLL1

1010log*10ol ( d).

pipi pi pipi:

2log*10log*102

log*10log*10 20

21

20

21

20

22

21 +

=

=

+=

pp

pp

ppp

Lol

31 += LLol dB


20

pi, pi pi 3d. pipi pi 13. pi , pi pipi pi pi . L1=80d L2=85d. pi, L = L2- L1=85-80=5d. pipi pi 1.2d. pi pipi pi pi = L2+12=85+12=86.2 d .

13. .


21

5.4 pi L pi . , . . pi . pi pi "" pi pi , pi pi pi, pi . , pi pi.. pi, pi (. 14). pi pi pi pi ( pipi pi pi ) pi (. 14) . , pi (. 14) pi .

14. . . 15 pi pipi pi 11 W.

15. .


22

4. .

11 16 22 14.1 16 17.8 17.8 20 22.4

22.4 25 28.2

22 31.5 44 28.2 31.5 35.5 35.5 40 44.7

44.7 50 56.2

44 63 88 56.2 63 70.8 70.8 80 89.1

89.1 100 112

88 125 177 112 125 141 141 160 173

178 200 224

177 250 355 224 250 282 232 315 355

355 400 447

355 500 710 447 500 562 562 630 708

708 800 891

710 1000 1420 891 1000 1122 1122 1250 1413

1413 1600 1778

1420 2000 2840 1778 2000 2239 2239 2500 2818

2818 3150 3548

2840 4000 5680 3548 4000 4467 4467 5000 5623

5623 6300 7079

3680 8000 11360 7079 8000 8913 3913 10000 11220

11220 12500 14130

11360 16000 22720 14130 16000 17780


23

pi pi pipi pi pi pi () pi pi pi . pi pi pi . pi : f =2 fk : f = 3 2 kf pi f fk pi pi . pi , pi pi pi . 4 . pi pi pi . pi , , pipi pi. . 16 1/3 . pi pi "" . 1/3 pi.. 100 150z . pi pi pi pi pi . pi 1/3 .


24

16. 1/3 . 5.5 - pi pi pi pi pi 16z 20z. ' . , pi 1000z. pi pi pi pi . pi pi pi . pi pi pipi pi - L d (). pi d().


25

5.6 Leq (quivalent Continuous Sound Level) pi (pi.. ) pi pi (. 17). pi pi pi pi L. pi pi Leq (quivalent Continuous Sound Level) pi ' pi ' pi . pi Leq pipi pi pi .

17. pi. Leq pi

=

TL

eq dtTL tA )(1.0101log*10 d()

pi L(t) -. Leq pipi pi pi (pi.. pi ) pi pi . , pi.. 10% 80d 90% 30d pipi 35d Leq 70d!


26

2

-

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pipi pi pi pi pi pi .

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pi pi , pi pi pi, :


27

pi pi pi pi, pi pipi pi pi , pi . pi pi , (pi 40% pi, 50% , 55 % 70 % pi), pi.

pi pi, pi pi pi . pi pi pi pi pi, pi , pi pi. pi , ' , pi pi, pi.

pi

pi dB

pi pi pi pi pi pi pi 0 dB ( pi ) 130 dB ( pi pi ). pi pi pi pi pi. pi 20 pi 100 .

pi pi pi 0 1

20 100

pi 40 10 000

60 1 000 000

80 100 000 000

100 10 000 000 000

pi 120 1 000 000 000 000


28

pipi pi . pi 0 pi 120 pi.

ertz Hz

pi . pi 20 20000 Hertz . pi . pi 1000 Hz - 5000 Hz. pi pi pi pi .

.

(dB)

- dB

55 16 -

50 16 -

,

35 16 45

pi pi

45 8 60

35

pi pi

pi 30 pi

45

55 . -


29

pi 30 8 40

30 16

,pi pi , ,

pi

70 24 110

, , pi.

100 4 110

85 1 110

pi

85 1 110

pi pi , pi pi

140

( : )

( dB)

> 81

81

80

79

78

77

76


30

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68

< 68

pi pi pi pipi pipi pipi :

pi

pi .

pipi pipi pi .

pi :

pipi pi .

pipi (pi.. ).

pi , pi pi.


31

pi - - , pi .

pi - pi - pi pi .

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pi , pi , .

.

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pi pi , pi .


32

pi 12 5 pi 90 dB(A).

pi pi.

pi pi pi pi pi pi .

o 0 pi 20 dB. o 1 pi pi 20 - 40 dB. o 2 pi pi 40 - 60 dB. o 3 pi pi 60dB .


33

3 1. pi pi pi pi . , pi . , pi pi pi pi pi . 2. pi pi. pi . 1.

1. pi (SPL) . pi SPL pi pi pi pi . pi pi Leq (Equivalent Continuous Sound Level) pi pi pi . pi _ pipi pi pi . Leq pi

=

TL

eq dtTL tA )(1.0101log*10 dB(A)

pi LA(t) -. pi pi pi L (L1, L10, L50, L90,..pi.) pi pipi pi . Ln pi pi n%


34

. , pi L10 pi 10% . pi L1 pipi , L50 L90 L95 (. 2).

2. 28 . pi pi pi pi pi pi : TNI(Traffic Noise Index)= L90 +4(L10 L90 )-30 dB LNP (Noise Pollution Level)= Leq+ 1.1(L1- L50 ) . 3 pi pi . pi 24-. pi pi.. L95 ( ) (pi pipi ) .


35

3. .

3.

pi pi pi , (pi. pi. 17252, 395//19-6-92) pi : ) Leq pi Leq(8.00 20.00 ), Leq pi pi 8.00 20.00 . ) L10 (18 ) pi 18 L10 (pi 06.00 24.00). pipi - pi Desibel d(). pipi pipi , : ) Leq (08.00 20.00) 67d() ) L10 (18) 70d(). pipi pi 2m pi pi pi pi pi . pipi pi , pi.. , , pipi pipi 5-10d().


36

4.

pi pi pi.

50% (pi pi 330 . ) pi pi pi

15% (pi pi 100 .) pi pi pi . 25% 2000.

pi pi pi ( - , M 1994),

20-25% pipi pi pi pi pi ,

19% pi pi .

, pi pi pi pi.

pi 60 % pi , pi .

pi: 90 - 100 dB(A), , pi.

(pi - ).

pi

pi , pi, 478.000 pi 1.303.000 pi

pi pi, , 195.000 430.000


37

pi pi pi, , pipi 550.000 1.400.000 .

pi pipi 40.000 70.000 pi.

pi , pi pi pi , pipi 5% 20-25% , pi , pi pi 5000 pi, pipi pi .

, 1994, pipi 3.717 pi 810 pi pipi 22%. pi pi pi ' 1995 2.211 . pi pi pi .

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pi pi - pi

( )

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pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pipi 40% pi, 35% 70% pi .


38

, pi pipi 23% pi , pi . [ Leq > 72 dB(A)]. [Lmax dB(A)] pi 90 - 100 dB(A), , pi. . pi pi , pi, 1.303.000 478.000 pi.

pi pi pi, pi pipi , 430.000 195.000 .

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39

. .

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pi pi pipi , pi pi () pi pi pi .

pipi pi pi . pipi pi pi pi pipi . pipi pi Leq, L10, Lmax Lmin a (L1, L50, L90). pipi pi , pi Leq (08.00-20.00) L10(18). pi pi pipi, pi pi pi :

+=

rqt 1204000el pi pi,

pi pi. pi pi.. , pipi pi q=3000 (/) r=50 (/pi). pi pipi pi t =4 pi. , 15 pi.


40

pi Leq Leq (08.00-20.00) pi Leq(08.00-20.00) = Leq, 0 +10logNt/No pi Leq,o pi t (/) 08.00 20.00 0 (/) L10(18) pipi 18 pi ' 18

L10(18) = =

23

61018

1t

L ()

pi pipi pipi pipi 3- L10 L10 (18) L10(18) = L10(3)-1 d(). pipi pi pi pipi . , pipi L10 Leq Leq=Leq+3 d().

5.

pi pi pi pi: ) (/) ii) iii) (pi % - pi) iv) v) pi pi, pipi , pi pi L10 Leq. pi pi.. L10(18 ) pi pi pi pi .


41

5.1 pi L10(18 ) pi 06.00 24.00, pi 10m pi V =75 m/h , . pi L10 (18 ) =29.1+10*logQ d() pi Q 18 (. 18). 200 /. pi pi 4. pipi pi.. 5000 18, L10(18) =66d(). L10 (18) Q (V=75km/h), =0, G=0

4. pi . 5.2 pi , pi pi pi pi pi pi % . pi

)(8.6851log*1050040log*33 AdBVp

VV -

++

++

pi V km/h pi % . pi 5. pipi pi.. 100 km/h pi 10% pipi +4 d ().


42

5. pi . 5.3 pi = 0.3*G d(), pi G %. 6.

6. G.


43

5.4 pi pi

7. pi - pi. pi pi pi . pi . 7 pi pi pi ". pi pi pi =-10*log(d/13.5) () pi pi . pi pi pi d pi h pi pi d pi

( )[ ]2122 5.3' ++= dhd , pi pi pi pi 8 . pi.. pi 100m pi 10m pi pipi -9dB().


44

8. pi. 5.5 pi pipi , pi . pi pi pi pi pi . pi pi 9.

9.


45

pi pi pi pi pi. pipi pi pi pipi pi "pi" . , pi , pi pi pi pi pi . pi 10. =33 pi 2 pi pipi -12d().

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46

pi pi . pi pi pi 11.

6.

pi pi pi pi pi (pi) . pi pi pi . pipi pi (pi.. 10g/m2 ) pi pi . pi pi pi pi.. , plexiglas, , pi , pi. 6.1 pi pi , pi pi. pipi pi 12.


47

12. pi. pi pi . pipi pipi pi pi pi pi =+-. 6.2 pi pi L pi pi 13 pi . pi pi pi. pi.. pi 13d pipi pi =0.5m. pi

deedgba --+++=-+= 2222 ss hhZ

pipi hs = mZ 3.211

=+

ed

pi pi mh 8.43.2

4514*)16(1 =+-+=

13. L pi .


48

6.3 pi pipi L=13d pi pi . pi pipi "pi" pi . 14 pipi pi . pi pi pipi 1 2, pi pi L=13d.

14. . pi 1, 2 pi 15. pi pipi , L=13d, pi 1 pipi 80. pi pi -pi s 45m 100m, pipi pi 45*80+100=355m


49

15. 2 pipi pi pipi .

7.

pi pipi . . . . pipi pi pi 160 . . pipi pi pi pi, 1,2 m ( ) pi . IV. pipi pi pi pi pi ( ) pi 2m pi pi . pipi pi . V. pipi pi . VI. pi pipi pi (calibration). VII. pipi .pi , pi , . pi , pi Leq, L10, Lmax, Lmin L1, L10, L90.


50

8. pi pi pi rms pi pi pi , , pi pi .

pi pi , pi . , pi pi 30dB 120dB pipi . ,pi pi, 10dB pi . pi pi pi pi pi pi pi . pi pipi . pi pi pi , pi pi pi pi ,pi pi . pi 30Hz pi 70dB, 70-40=30dB() 70-17=53dB() 70-3=67dB(C). pi C pi , pi pi 200 1250 Hz. pi pi pi pi pi 70dB. pi pi pi 40dB.


51

pi pi pi pi pi , dB(A), . pi D pi pi , pi 40noy . pi 40noy pi pipi pi . pi, pi pi pipi pi pi pipi pi pi pi .

19.

9. (calibration) pi , pi pi pi. pi pi , pi pi pi pi 20. pi pi pi 250 Hz 124dB. pi pipi pi pi pi pipi .


52

20.


53

4 pi pi . pi , pi pipi 1.000.000 , pi . . pi : ) pipi pi pipi Leq (08:00-22:00). ) pipi . ) pipi pi 8:00pi.. 22:00.. pi pipi . pi . pi pi pi pi pi . 4 pi pi . pi 8 pi.. 22.. . pipi pi 1 pi pi pi , pi pi pi . pi pi pi pi 10m/s , pi pi pi pi 2 pi pi , pipi pi pipi 400 . pi pi . Leq pi pi pi pi pipi , . pi pipi Leq,h pi pi pipi . Leq pi pi

+=

mAeqAeq N

NLL log10metrhmenodiorqwmeno


54

pi pi pi m . pipi pipi Leq pi pipi Leq,h pi pipi pi pi . pipi pi pipi pi pi pi 8:00pi.. 22:00.. Leq,h. pipi pipi pi. pi Leq,h, pi pipi pi Leq,h pipi pi : ( )NtNLL hAeqhAeq log10,, += metrhmenodiorqwmeno pi pi 8:00pi.. 20:00.. pi t . pi 1


55

2

3


56

4

pi pi . Leq,h (pi ). Leq,h (8:00-22:00) Leq,h (8:00-22:00) dB(A) 1 74.8 dB(A) 2 74.2 dB(A) 3 74.9 dB(A) 4 74.2 dB(A) Leq,h () Leq,h (8:00-22:00) Leq,h (8:00-22:00) dB(A) 1 74.0 dB(A) 2 72.7 dB(A) 3 72.1 dB(A) 4 72.5 dB(A)


57

L10,h (pi ). L10,h (8:00-22:00) L10,h (8:00-22:00) dB(A) 1 76.8 dB(A) 2 76.5 dB(A) 3 77.5 dB(A) 4 76.4 dB(A) L10,h () L10,h (8:00-22:00) L10,h (8:00-22:00) dB(A) 1 75.7 dB(A) 2 75.7 dB(A) 3 75.1 dB(A) 4 75.9 dB(A) pi pi pipi Leq,h (8:00-22:00) pi pi pi . pipi pi pi 1 2 dB(A). 4. pi pi Leq, L10 Leq, L10 pi 8:00-22:00. pi pi pipi pi pi pi pi pi . pi L-1,L-2,L-3,L-4,L-5,L-6,L-7,L-8. L-1, L-2, L-3, L-4 pi L-5,L-6,L-7,L-8 . Leq Leq pi 8:00-22:00 . pi pi pi ) Leq 08:00 22:00 ) Leq 08:00 22:00. pi pi Leq . pi pi pi ) Leq(08:00-22:00) ) Leq (08:00-22:00) . pi pi pi pipi Leq . pi pi pi pi pi pi pipi 3 dB(A). pi pi pi pi . pi pi pi pipi. L10 pi 2 3 dB(A) . pi pipi. pipi ,pi


58

Leq L10 2 dB(A) pipi. pi , pi pi . pi pi pi pi pi 4 pipi pi pi pi pi 67dB(A). pi pi 8 dB(A) Leq(08:00-22:00) pi pipi pi pi .


ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗ ΚΙ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΗΧΟΥ

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