ΨΑΡΙΑ & ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΝΑ 2013
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Transcript of ΨΑΡΙΑ & ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΝΑ 2013
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20120133
,,,,
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**
::
:: (,,,(,,,))
:,,:,,
: (, ): (, ) :(,):(,)
*:*: : : 2
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:: 70%(6670%(6684%)84%)
: 15: 15 24% 24% :15:1524%.,24%.,..
:0.1:0.122%.22%. (( 300:1 300:1 300:1,300:1,3:1)3:1)
S IS I F ZF Z HH ::Se,I,Se,I,,Fe,Zn,Fe,Zn,,HgHg
::A,A, D,B6(D,B6()),,B12B12 ( )( )B12B12 ()()
3
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33
Zlatanos S,Laskaridis K,2007.SeasonalvariationinthefattyacidcompositionofthreeMediterraneanfishd ( d l h d ) h ( l h l ) d l ( ) d h
4sardine(Sardina pilchardus),anchovy(Engraulis encrasicholus)andpicarel (Spicara smaris).FoodChemistry103,725728.
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33(EPA(EPA,, DHA)DHA) ,,
(F)(F) ((P)P)
1.1. FF ((
-
: : ::,1%,1%
():,():, 6
-
..
HomoHomo sapienssapiens .. 110000200200
RiftRift ValleyValley 7
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TheThe earliestearliest occurrencesoccurrences ofof modemmodem HH.. sapienssapiens andand sophisticatedsophisticated tooltoolpp pptechnologytechnology areare associatedassociated withwith aquaticaquatic resourceresource basesbases.. TropicalTropical freshwaterfreshwaterfishfish andand shellfishshellfish havehave longlongchainchain polyunsaturatedpolyunsaturated lipidlipid ratiosratios moremore similarsimilartoto thatthat ofof thethe humanhuman brainbrain thanthan anyany otherother foodfood sourcesource knownknown..AA modestmodest intakeintake ofof fishfish andand shellfishshellfish ((661212 %% totaltotal dietarydietary energyenergy intake)intake) cancan
idid hid ihid i idid dd i lli ll d h id h i ididprovideprovide moremore arachidonicarachidonic acidacid andand especiallyespecially moremore docosahexaenoicdocosahexaenoic acidacidthanthan mostmost dietsdiets containcontain todaytoday.. Hence,Hence, brainbrainspecificspecific nutritionnutrition hadhad andand stillstillhashas significantsignificant potentialpotential toto affectaffect hominidhominid brainbrain evolutionevolutionhashas significantsignificant potentialpotential toto affectaffect hominidhominid brainbrain evolutionevolution..
8
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&&
9.9kg9.9kg ((19601960)) 16.4kg16.4kg 20052005 ()()
1616 44 kk 1616..44 kgkg::
77..44 kgkg ((4646%%))
44..99 kgkg ((3131%%))
44..11 kgkg ((2626%%))9
-
::
Kg/Kg///
1313 111313..1 1
14.614.6
16 416 416.416.4
16.816.8
ononlineline DAFNEDAFNESoftwebSoftweb**
*:*:http://www.nut.uoa.gr/Dafnesoftweb/http://www.nut.uoa.gr/Dafnesoftweb/ 10
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::
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/l2/06fishconsumption.htm 11
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http://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/l2/06fishconsumption.htm
12
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13
(:(:FAOFAOFishstatFishstat))
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::( ( dd) ) (,(,codcod),),
::
BarhamBarham P.(2001).P.(2001).TheScienceofCookingTheScienceofCooking.Springer.SpringerVerlagVerlag,Berlin,BerlinHeildelbergHeildelberg,pp91,pp91105105 14
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::
WW,,
(200(20088).).,,,, 15
-
() ),,()()
KurtiKurti N&ThisN&ThisBenckhardBenckhard H(1994).H(1994).Chemistryandphysicsinthekitchen.Chemistryandphysicsinthekitchen. ScientificAmerican,ScientificAmerican, 270,44270,44 http://www.earthlife.net/fish/http://www.earthlife.net/fish/ 16
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=,(,=,(,))
= ( ) = ( ) =,(,,)=,(,,)
()=()=,,,,
17
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..
..
1.1. ()() ..
()() . .....
2.2. .. ..
,, ..
BarhamBarham P.(2001).P.(2001).TheScienceofCookingTheScienceofCooking.Springer.SpringerVerlagVerlag,Berlin,BerlinHeildelbergHeildelberg,pp91,pp91105105 18
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;;
,,
..
,,
,,,,..,.,. ..
BarhamBarham P.(2001).TheScienceofCooking.SpringerP.(2001).TheScienceofCooking.SpringerVerlagVerlag,Berlin,BerlinHeildelbergHeildelberg,pp91,pp91105105 19
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,,,,
::
,,,,
.(,.(,))..
..
20
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11 PrerigorPrerigor
22 RigorMortisRigorMortis gg
33 PostrigorPostrigor
11 PrePrerigor(rigor())
,, ()()
ATAT &&
: () : () () () :():() ()() oo CaCa ..
To pHTo pH ( (TopHTopH (())
pHpH pHpH ,,,, 21
-
22 RigorMortisRigorMortis (())
pHpH ATAT pHpH,,ATAT
1 1 1212hh ::111212hh ::
418h15C
4 18h 1024h 24h
15 C
17h
33 PostRigor(PostRigor())
((),), 22 33 22CC
22
-
,1,17,7,
,(,( ) ) ),),
pHpH 6.26.26.56.55.55.5 .. pHpH
pHpH=7.2=7.2
,, ,2010.,2010.,,.,,. 23
-
,,..,,(
-
,,
,,,,6.,6., ,,..
: : ::,, , , !!
25
-
((GC/MS)GC/MS)
1)1)
2)2)
3)3)
4)4)
ppbppb((g/kgg/kg,,ngng/g)/g)
26
-
((g/kgg/kgfwfw))
(
)
27GiGiogiosogios I,I,KalogeropoulosKalogeropoulos N,N,GrigorakisGrigorakis K(2013).VolatilecompoundsofsomepopularMediterraneanK(2013).VolatilecompoundsofsomepopularMediterraneanseafoodspecies.seafoodspecies.MediterraneanMarineScience,MediterraneanMarineScience,14,34314,343352352
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() ()()()
()()
28
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: :
: :,,,
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::::
(())
(())(())
(())
((
,,
30
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(deep frying)(deepfrying)
120180C
(shallowfrying)
140 220C140220 C
31
-
++
32
-
,, ()() ,, ()()
,,
33
-
1.1. AtherinaAtherina boyeriboyeri,,
6 52.2. BoopsBoops boopsboops,,3.3. LoligoLoligo bulgarisbulgaris,,44 MerlucciusMerluccius4.4.MerlucciusMerlucciusmerlucciusmerluccius,,
5.5. SardinaSardina pilcharduspilchardus
2 3 7 4
10 8
6.6.MullusMullusbarbatusbarbatus
1
2 9 10 barbatusbarbatus,,
7.7. EngraulisEngraulisencrasicholusencrasicholus,,
8.8. SpicaraSpicara smarissmaris,,9.9. ParapenaeusParapenaeuslongirostrislongirostris longirostrislongirostris,,
10.10.MytilusMytilus galloprovincialisgalloprovincialis,, (())
34
-
..
( ((())
35
-
..
()()
Kalogeropoulos ,Andrikopoulos ,Hassapidou(2004).DietaryevaluationofMediterraneanfishandmolluscspanfriedinvirginoliveoil.JournaloftheScienceofFoodandAgriculture,84,17501758
36
-
..
Kalogeropoulos etal.(2006). CompositionalchangesandvirginoliveoilmicronutrientenrichmentofMediterraneanfinfishduringpanfrying.EcologyofFoodandNutrition, 45, 171188
37
-
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Kalogeropoulos,Kotsiopoulou,Mylona,Christea,Andrikopoulos(2006). EcologyofFoodandNutrition, 45, 17118838
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Kalogeropoulos,Chiou,Mylona,Ioannou,Andrikopoulos (2007).FoodChemistry, 100, 50951739
-
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,
))
(48h)
(20h,HNO3,120C,Teflon)
::(())BCRNo278R(BCRNo278R()),(,())IAEAIAEA407407&&IAEAIAEA 436(436()
Cr Cu Ni Pb Cd Fe Zn
GFAAS FAAS
Hg
CVAAS
40
Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Cd Fe,Zn Hg
-
&&
Cr Cu Ni Pb Zn
0.04
(0.020.06)0.65
(0.201.44)0.04
(0.010.10)0.06
(0.010.20)21.1
(3.369.7)
0.14((33..55))(0.040.31)
1.36 ((22..11))(0.334.1)
0.13((33..22))(0.020.39)
0.14 ((22..33))(0.010.75)
39.4 ((11..99))(2.7134)
0.17
(0.050.48)5.6
(1.110.0)0.29
(0.050.64)0.24
(0.010.77)19.0
(8.548.5)
0.29((11..77))(0.060.66)
11.2((22..00))(3.125.6)
0.48((11..77))(0.021.1)
0.46 ((11..99))(0.021.6)
43.0 ((22..22))(16.2155)
*:mg/kg; : : ::
41
-
(()) (( ))
((freshweight):Cfreshweight):C >>CC (( ))))
((dryweight):Cdryweight):C CC
42
-
PbPb
(( ::CC >>CC (( ))
((dryweight):Cdryweight):C CC
-
&& (mg/kg(mg/kgfwfw))
Pb EU*1881/2006
Cd EU*1881/2006
Hg EU*1881/2006
0 03 0 300 30 0 01 0 100 10 0 15 0 500 50 0.03 0.300.30 0.01 0.100.10 0.15 0.500.50
0.02 0.300.30 0.07 0.050.05 0.003 0.500.50
0 02 0 300 30 0 004 0 050 05 0 04 0 500 50 0.02 0.300.30 0.004 0.050.05 0.04 0.500.50
0.07 0.300.30 0.260.26 0.050.05 0.05 0.500.50
0 05 0 300 30 0 01 0 100 10 0 01 0.500.50 0.05 0.300.30 0.01 0.100.10 0.01 0.500.50
0.17 0.300.30 0.03 0.050.05 0.06 0.500.50
0.03 0.300.30 0.110.11 0.050.05 0.003 1.001.00
0.68 1.501.50 0.34 1.001.00 0.02 0.500.50
0.13 0.500.50 0.24 0.500.50 0.03 0.500.50
0.02 1.001.00 0.34 1.001.00 0.05 0.500.50
fw= ;*=
KalogeropoulosKalogeropoulos N,N,KaravoltsosKaravoltsos S,S,SakellariSakellari A,A,AvramidouAvramidou S,S,DassenakisDassenakis M,M,ScoullosScoullos MM,2012,2012.Heavymetalsin.Heavymetalsinraw,friedandgrilledMediterraneanfinfishandshellfish.raw,friedandgrilledMediterraneanfinfishandshellfish.FoodandChemicalToxicologyFoodandChemicalToxicology 5050,,3702370237083708
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&& &&
PTWI* RfD * PTWI*
Pb EWIg/kg bw
PTWI*g/kg bw
(WHO2003)
CdEWIg/kg bw
RfD *g/kg bwEFSA2011
HgEWIg/kg bw
PTWI*g/kg bwWHO2003
0.31 25.025.0 0.07 2.52.5 1.01 7.07.0
0.12 25.025.0 0.39 2.52.5 0.07 7.07.0
0.08 25.025.0 0.02 2.52.5 0.87 7.07.0
0.46 25.025.0 1.21 2.52.5 0.38 7.07.0
1.38 25.025.0 0.20 2.52.5 0.66 7.07.0
0.45 25.025.0 0.05 2.52.5 1.45 7.07.0
0.47 25.025.0 1.28 2.52.5 0.77 7.07.0
1.45 25.025.0 0.74 2.52.5 0.04 7.07.0
0.17 25.025.0 0.33 2.52.5 0.35 7.07.0
0.03 25.025.0 0.56 2.52.5 0.33 7.07.0
45fw = ;PTWI = ;RfD=;*= 70kg
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130g=oneserving130g=oneserving
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,,
::
::
,,
47KalogeropoulosKalogeropoulos N,N,KaravoltsosKaravoltsos S,S,SakellariSakellari A,A,AvramidouAvramidou S,S,DassenakisDassenakis M,M,ScoullosScoullos MM,2012,2012.Heavymetalsin.Heavymetalsinraw,friedandgrilledMediterraneanfinfishandshellfish.raw,friedandgrilledMediterraneanfinfishandshellfish.FoodandChemicalToxicologyFoodandChemicalToxicology 5050,,3702370237083708
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,,
600
500
600
400
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48GiogiosGiogios I,I,KalogeropoulosKalogeropoulos N,N,GrigorakisGrigorakis K,(unpublishedresults)K,(unpublishedresults)
-
( (MugilMugil cephaluscephalus) ) ((MugilMugil cephaluscephalus))(2(23,3, 3 3 4 ) (84 ) (8334)(84)(8))
Kalogeropoulos N Nomikos T Chiou A Fragopoulou E Antonopoulou S Changes in chemical composition and
49
Kalogeropoulos N,Nomikos T,Chiou A,Fragopoulou E,Antonopoulou S.ChangesinchemicalcompositionandbiologicalactivityduringthepreparationoftraditionalGreekAvgotarachofrommullet(Mugil cephalus)roe.28th ConferenceofInternationalCommissionontheAnthropologyofFood,Kamilari,Crete,Greece,2009
-
57.4
45 1
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26.624.7
17.720
1.6
12.7
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51
-
33HUFAHUFA ((highlyunsaturatedfattyacidshighlyunsaturatedfattyacids))
2.19
2.02
3.0
1.27
2.02
2.0
(
f
w
)
1.18
g
/
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0.59
0.330.52
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20:53 22:53 22:63 3HUFA
52
-
((21%)21%)
( ( ))
(29%),(26%),(29%),(26%),(27%),(20%)(27%),(20%) (20%).(20%).
28%28% 25%25%
33 ((20:5320:53 EPA,22:53EPA,22:53DPADPA,, 22:6322:63DHA)DHA). . 2.22.2 2.0 g/100g2.0 g/100g ( ( DHA)DHA)..2.22.2 2.0g/100g2.0g/100g((