MODULE 7 PHARMACOLOGYREBECCA MORIERO

Afrin

Flonase

Ventrolin

Ventolin

Other names: Salbutamol

Brand Names: Accuneb Proair HFA Proventil HFA Albuterol

It is a β2-adrenergic agonists. These medications have a direct effect on the smooth muscle tissue of the bronchi, inhibiting the migration of smooth muscle (HASM) cells.

Type: Bronchodilators

Ventolin

This medication is used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . It is fast acting because it is administered by inhalation for a direct effect on the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

Ventolin

This medication comes as a liquid. Using a nebulizer (a machine that turns the liquid into a mist) in can be inhaled through the mouth.

Use: When used to treat or prevent symptoms of lung disease, it needs

to be inhaled every 4-6 hours. To prevent difficulty breathing, it needs to be inhaled 15-30

minutes prior to workouts. The nebulizer solution is usually used 3 to 4 times per day.

Ventolin

O2

CO2

How it works: Oxygen and carbon dioxide travel through the bronchi as we breathe. People with asthma and COPD experience inflammation due to migration of HASM cells. The effect of this inflammation is a tighter space for air to travel and therefore difficulty breathing.

Ventolin

O2

CO2

When ventolin is inhaled, the smooth muscles will relax and allow the bronchi to dilate. This will cause the inflammation to go down and restore normal breathing.

Mucomyst

Other Names: Acetylcysteine A derivative of cysteine (a semi-essential amino acid

that can be synthesized by humans) has the ability to break disulfide bonds in mucus. When these bonds are dissolved, mucus is easier to cough up because it has been liquefied.

Type: Mucokinetic

Mucomyst This medication is used to help persons who are

suffering from emphysema, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and other lung problems breathe better. This is done by thinning or dissolving thick lung mucus.

This medication comes in a liquid form. It may be given through a nebulizer, given through a face mask or placed in the air inside a plastic tent placed around the patient’s head.

MucomystHow it works: As mucus production is increased and/or mucus begins

to thicken and accumulate it results in difficulty breathing.

Mucus increases

Bronchi

Mucomyst As the mucolytic agent begins to break the disulfide

bonds, mucus is liquefied and easier to cough up. This results in Increased air flow for breathing.

Mucus decreases

Bronchi

Allegra

Other names: Fexofenadine

Brand Names: Allegra Fexidine Telfast Fastofen Tilfur Vifas Telfexo Allerfexo

It is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of allergy symptoms. Its mechanism of action occurs by binding of the receptor antagonist of histamine H1.1

Type: Antihistamine

Allegra Fexofenadine is used to treat allergy symptoms such as

sneezing, watery eyes and runny nose. It works by blocking histamine. Histamine is a substance, produced by the human body, that produce allergy symptoms.

Fexofenadine comes as a tablet and a liquid suspension taken by mouth. Is used to treat allergy symptoms such as sneezing, watery eyes and runny nose.

AllegraHow it works: Mast cells found in the respiratory and digestive

systems release histamine when exposed to even a small amount of an allergen. Histamines bind to receptors of nearby cells that through interactions cause nearby blood vessels and secrete excess fluid because of swelling.

Cell WallReceptor

Histamine

Allergens enter

Allegra Fexofenadine binds to those receptors and prevents

histamines from binding to them. With diminished availability of receptor sites for histamines, the signals that caused symptoms stop. This results in diminishing or eliminating the symptoms.

Cell WallReceptor

Antihistamine

Sources

Albuterol Oral Inhalation http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682145.html β2-adrenergic receptor agonists modulate human airway smooth muscle cell

migration via vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22210825 FLONASE® http://www.rxlist.com/flonase-drug.htm Acetylcysteine (By breathing) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0008809/?report=details Acetylcysteine Solution http://www.rxlist.com/acetylcysteine-solution-drug/indications-dosage.htm acetylcysteine (Rx) - N-acetylcysteine, Mucomyst http://reference.medscape.com/drug/n-acetylcysteine-mucomyst-acetylcysteine-

343425#10 Fexofenadine http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697035.html Allegra http://www.rxlist.com/allegra-drug/side-effects-interactions.htm Antihistamine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCWV4AY5ulc

MODULE 7 PHARMACOLOGYREBECCA MORIERO