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LIBRARIESINTHEAGEOFDIGITALINFRASTRUCTURES(ANDOTHER

CATASTROPHES)

TomaTasovac

IFLASatelliteMeeting2017:DigitalHumanities(15.08.2017)

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καταστροφή=reversal,overturning,suddendisaster,death

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MORBIDFASCINATION

deathoftheauthor

deathofthebook

deathofthehumanities

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Butthecatastrophewasalwaysalreadythere...

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Thisiswhattheprintingpressesdo:theycorrupt

susceptiblehearts.Yetthe[...]sillyassesdonotsee

this,andbrutesrejoiceinthefraudulenttitleof

teachers,exaltingthemselveswithasonglikethis

[...]:"Ogoodcitizen,rejoice:yourcityiswellstuffed

withbooks.Forasmallsummenturnthemselves

intodoctorsinthreeyears.Letthanksberendered

totheprinters!"Anyunculturedpersonwithout

Latinbawlsthesethings.

—FilippodeStrata,PolemicAgainstPrinting(c.1473)

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Technologyisnotandhasneverbeentheother

ofthehumanities

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DIGITALHUMANITIESTheultimaterevengeofglobalcapitalismon

traditionalhumanities?

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TEXTASDATA?thereisnothingoutsideoftext(Derrida,1997:

158)

textvs.context

paratext:“afringeoftheprintedtextwhichin

realitycontrolsone’swholereadingofthe

text.”(Genette,1997:2)

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DIGITALHUMANITIESAcomputationalframeworkfor

decontextualizingthehumanities?

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MATERIALARTIFACTVS.DIGITALSURROGATE

Whatcanyoudowithit?

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DH:RECONTEXTUALIZINGTHEHUMANITIES

provideaccess(texts,tools,methods)

discoverpatterns&generatenewknowledge

supplementclosewithdistantreading

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RobertoBusa

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DHwasn'tbornyesterday:institutionalizinga

communityofpractice

ComputersandtheHumanities(1966)

TheAssociationforLiteraryandLinguisticComputing

(London-based,1973)

AssociationforComputersandtheHumanities(US-based,

1987)

LiteraryandLinguisticComputing(1986)

AllianceofDigitalHumanitiesOrganizations(ADHO,2005)

Master’sandPhDprograms

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TEI:defactostandardfortextualencoding

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WHATDOPEOPLEDOWHENTHEYDODH?

textualediting(digitaleditions,digitalcollections)

datamodelingandcreationofstructureddata(XML)

distantreading(asopposedtoclosereading)

statisticalmethodsandprocessing

datamining

stylometry

visualization

networkanalysis

geospatialmethods

toolsandservices,incl.researchinfrastructures(CLARIN,

DARIAH)

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thetraditionalhumanitiesfocusesona"minimalfraction

oftheliteraryfield...[a]canonoftwohundrednovels,for

instance,soundsverylargefornineteenth-centuryBritain

(andismuchlargerthanthecurrentone),butisstillless

thanonepercentofthenovelsthatwereactually

published:twentythousand,thirty,more,noonereally

knows—andclosereadingwon’thelphere,anoveladay

everydayoftheyearwouldtakeacenturyorso...Andit's

notevenamatteroftime,butofmethod:afieldthis

largecannotbeunderstoodbystitchingtogether

separatebitsofknowledgeaboutindividualcases,

becauseitisn'tasumofindividualcases:it'sacollective

system,thatshouldbegraspedassuch,asawhole"

(Moretti2007:3-4).

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DHCHALLENGES

interoperability

communication

integration

aggregation

federation

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DH/LIBRARYCHALLENGES

interoperability

communication

integration

aggregation

federation

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DH/LIBRARY/INFRASTRURALCHALLENGES

interoperability

communication

integration

aggregation

federation

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Unsworth(2000)

SCHOLARLYPRIMITIVES

discovering

annotating

comparing

referring

sampling

illustrating

representing

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TEXTSINDIGITALLIBRARIES?

formatsanddeliverymethods

text/paratextboundaries

computability,metricsandtracesofuse

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TEXTSINDIGITALLIBRARIES

mustbemachine-computable,notonly

machine-deliverable

shouldbeakindofserviceasopposedtofixed

object

aninteractivemethodasopposedtoastatic

element

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TEXTASSERVICE

metadata

fulltextsearch

retrievingidentifiablefragmentsoftexts

persistentidentifiers

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TEXTS:OBJECTS→MODELS→SERVICES

researchinfrastructures(cf.DARIAH/CLARIN)

OpenAnnotationCollaboration(OAC)andthe

WebAnnotationWorkingGroup

CanonicalTextServices(CTS)

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DHAPILANDSCAPE

HathiTrust

DPLA

Europeana

IIIF

OpenSiddurAPI

FolgerDigitalTextsAPI

correspSearchAPI

OldBaileyAPI

EuropeanHolocaustResearchInfrastructureAPI

ManuscriptsOnlineAPI

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ATBCDH:

Raskovnik:DictionaryPlatform

( )

Izdanak:DigitalEditions(indevelopment)

http://raskovnik.org

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TEXT→MODEL→API→SERVICE→INFRASTRUCTURE

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ANCHORINGDIGITALSCHOLARLYMETHODSINDIGITALLIBRARYWORKFLOWS

Developingtoolsandservicesfordifferenttypes

ofscholarlyprimitivesinmodular,dynamic,

research-drivendigitalcollections

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INANIDEALWORLD,DH-FRIENDLYLIBRARIESWOULD

provideaccesstomachine-readableandmachine

computabletexts

developwell-documentedAPIsforbothmetadataandfull-

textaccess

offerlayersofautomaticandsemi-automaticstructural,

linguisticandsemanticannotationswithsupportfor

crowdsourcedcorrections

integratedictionaryandothertypeofreferenceservices

tobequerieddirectlyfromthetext

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DATAENRICHMENTWORKFLOWS

Digitallibrary→Scholars→Digitallibrary

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DATAENRICHMENTWORKFLOWS

Digitallibrary→Scholars→Digitallibrary

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καταστροφή=reversal,overturning,suddendisaster,death

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καταστροφή=1.reversal,overturning,suddendisaster,death.2.turningpoint(intragedy),unravelling,denouement.

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DIGITALLIBRARYASINFRASTRUCTURE

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LIBRARIESANDDHrecontextualizingthehumanities

providingsmallandbigdata(+toolsand

methods)

enablingcloseanddistantreading

developingdataenrichmentworkflows

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Thankyouforbearingwithme!