YoungCicero

Tusculum

Brindisi (ancient Brundisium)

With

it

or

on

it

Ἢ

τὰν

ἢ

ἐπὶ

τᾶς

The «Keáða» above Sparta

where they depositedthe feeble infants.

Ὁ ΚαιάδαςPhoto: Saxey

Transitive Verb

Transitive Verb

A verb that passes actionto another object.

Transitive Verb

fix, slice, hit, love, admire, give

A verb that passes actionto another object.

Intransitive Verb

Intransitive Verb

A verb that does notpass action to another object.

Intransitive Verb

A verb that does notpass action to another object.

sit, lie, sleep, stroll, wonder

Agent

AgentThe doer (of a verb).

AgentThe doer (of a verb).

I love my wife.My wife is loved by me.

Direct Object

Direct ObjectObject directly receiving

the action of a verb.

Direct ObjectObject directly receiving

the action of a verb.

I love her.I give the roses away.

Indirect Object

Indirect Object

Object affected by the verb indirectly.

Indirect Object

Object affected by the verb indirectly.

I give her the roses.She tells me a secret.

Preposition

PrepositionA word attached to a noun or pronoun

to show its relationto other noun(s) or pronoun(s).

Preposition

to, for, with, against, around, from, between,beneath, among, through, atop, before,

athwart

A word attached to a noun or pronounto show its relation

to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).

Nominative Case

Nominative Case

Set of forms for making a subject.

Nominative Case

1. I we2. thou ye3. he/she they

Set of forms for making a subject.

Genitive Case

Genitive CaseSet of forms for showing

belonging.

Genitive Case

1. my/mine our(s)2. thy/thine your(s)3. his/hers/its their(s)

Set of forms for showing belonging.

Objective Case

Objective CaseSet of forms for making an

object.(Direct Object, Indirect Object, or Object of a

Preposition)

Objective Case

1: me us2: thee [- -]3: him/her them

Set of forms for making an object.

(Direct Object, Indirect Object, or Object of a Preposition)

There is actuallyan important exception

to all this, which you canask me about laterif you’re interested.

But in order to keep it simple,

we’ll just stick with the above.

Alcibiades comes to the symposium late.[Alcibiades – subject] is drunk.

Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case

Alcibiades comes to the symposium late.

He is drunk.

Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case

[Alcibiades – subject] sees [the men – direct object]and

[the men – subject] see [Alcibiades – direct object].

Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case

Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case

He sees themand

they see him.

[Alcibiades – subject] is seen by [the men – object of a preposition]

and

[the men – subject] are seen by [Alcibiades – object of a

preposition].

Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case

Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case

He is seen by themand

they are seen by him.