A Satellite View

The Mighty Nile River:

“Longest River in the World”

The Sahara Desert

Draje

nsburg

Mts

.

Ruwenzori M

ts.

Δ Mt. Kenya

Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro

Mountains

&

Peaks

Atlas Mts.

Bodies

Of

Water

Nile River

Congo River

Zambezi River

Niger River

Orange River

Limpopo River

Mediterranean Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Red Sea

L. Victoria

L. Albert-->

L. Chad-->

L. Tanganyika->

<--Gu

lf of A

den

Physical FeaturesPhysical Features

Empires of westAfrica

The Empire of Ghana, pg. The Empire of Ghana, pg. 130130 Ghana was an empireGhana was an empire

There was an important city named Koubmi Saleh that was There was an important city named Koubmi Saleh that was a major trading posta major trading post

People would come here to trade goodsPeople would come here to trade goods

To rest, sleep, eatTo rest, sleep, eat

Make money by selling goodsMake money by selling goods

Get goods to go back and sell to othersGet goods to go back and sell to others

GOLD AND SALT WERE THE MOST VALUABLE GOLD AND SALT WERE THE MOST VALUABLE RESOURCESRESOURCES

Salt was just as valuable as gold Salt was just as valuable as gold because it was used to flavor, spice because it was used to flavor, spice and preserve food, especially meatand preserve food, especially meat

Ghana’s leaders taxed traders passingthrough the Kingdom on the Niger and Senegal Rivers

1. people wanted gold for its beauty and salt for their diets

The Niger River Basin

# Covers 7.5% of the continent.

# Extends over 10 countries.

# 2,600 miles long.

Vegetation Zones

Deserts Sahara Desert

Sahel

Kalahari

Desert

Nam

ib D

esert

Libyan Desert

Valleys

&

Plains

Gre

at R

ift

Val

ley

The Sahel

I.Ghana controls tradeA. Gold to the south and salt from the

Sahara made it rich by 800AD.

Ghana Builds an Empire, pgs. 133-1351.By 800, Ghana was in control 1. trade routes

of West Africa’s _________

Taxes and Gold

2.Ghana’s rulers looked for ways 2. money

to make _____ from the traders

passing through Ghana

3. Rulers expected traders to

pay tax on goods they carried 3. in & out

Ghana’s ResourcesGhana’s Resources The Niger River (pg. 131)The Niger River (pg. 131)

a) water (people, animals, crops)a) water (people, animals, crops)

b) trade a long the river (down stream)b) trade a long the river (down stream) c) goldc) gold

d) saltd) salt

e) ivorye) ivory

f) goldf) gold

g) copperg) copper

h) slavesh) slaves

i) foodi) food

4. Name 4 sources that contributed to 4. a. goods-in

Ghana’s wealth b. goods-out

c. tax tribes

d. gold

Expansion of the Empire, pg. 134

5. Ghana’s kings used their wealth

to build a powerful _________ 5. army

6. The empire of Ghana reached its 6.Tunka

peak under king Manin

Ghana’s Decline, pg. 134

7. collapsed 7. By 1200, Ghana ____________

8. 8. Three factors why Ghana collapsed

a. invasion a. Muslims attacked them and

converted the people to Islam

b. overgrazing b. animals ate too much grass which

exposed the soil to open winds

that blew away the fertile soil

leaving behind worthless soil for

growing crops

c. internal c. the people who were conquered

rebellion by Ghana rose up and rebelled

taking over the entire empire

II. Ghana defeatedA. In 1074, Almoravids capture

Koumbi Saleh and destroy trade

The Empire of MaliThe Empire of MaliSection 2Section 2

Pages 136-141Pages 136-141

Sundiata begins an empire1. fought to gain Mali’s independence2. beans, cotton, rice were introduced to the empire3. Mali took over gold, salt trade4. unlike later leaders he was not Muslim

Empire of Mali (1235-1464)A. Like Ghana, its location on the fertile upper Niger River made food plentiful

The Empire of Mali: pgs. 136-141; HSS 7.4.3

Sundiata Makes Mali an Empire, pg. 136

1.Mali is located along the upper 1. Niger River

2. This location has fertile 2. soil

3. It’s location allowed the people

to control ________ on the river 3. trade

4. Mali’s rise to power came under

the ruler named 4. Sundiata

The Empire of Mali: pgs. 136-141; HSS 7.4.3

Beginnings of the Empire, pg. 136

5. Sundiata was the son of a previous

6. He conquered nearby kingdoms

including 6. Ghana

5. king

Improvements in Mali, pg. 137

7. List the items that were grown and 7. traded items/crops

a. gold

b. salt

c. beans

d. onions

e. rice

f. cotton

Consolidation of Power, pg. 137

8. kingdom 8. Under Sundiata, Mali grew into a prosperous…

9. 9. Sunidiata wanted to be the main leader, so

he took power away from local leaders

10 mansa 10. the local leaders gave him the title _______

11. 11. Mansas had both _________ and _______

a. political authority

b. religious

Consolidation of Power, pg. 138

12. Muslim 12. After Sundiata died, the next rulers were

______________ .

The Fall of Mali, pg. l40

13. leaders 13. Mali’s success depended on its strong ____

14. weak 14. Mali fell because there were _____ leaders

15. size 15. One reason why Mali fell was because of its…

16. large 16. The empire became so ____, the gov.

could not control it.

17. nomads 17. ______ from the Sahara seized Timbuktu

AcrosticAcrostic

Student BrainstormStudent Brainstorm: think of the : think of the main events that we have studied in main events that we have studied in ch. 5. Created an acrostic about the ch. 5. Created an acrostic about the empire of Ghana. Use each letter to empire of Ghana. Use each letter to represent in the name Ghana to help represent in the name Ghana to help you remember something important you remember something important that we have studied.that we have studied.

Objectives: Use your textbook or class notes for ideasWork with a partnerMake sure your words relate to what we

have studiedUse educational thoughts and ideas (no

slang or irrelevant ideas)

DirectionsDirections1.1. Write the word in your spiral Write the word in your spiral

notebooknotebook

GG

HH

AA

NN

AA

2. Brainstorm and think of all of the main ideas that we have studied in Ch. 6, section 1 pgs. 130-135.

3. Use each letter to represent a main idea or a fact that you have learned.

4. Please think about the most important ideas

5. Do not use slang words, keep this assignment educational.

6. Draw 2-3 pictures along the perimeter to represent these ideas

old traded for salt

and delivered salt by camel caravan

S

S hara Desert

rter = exchange goods

iger River and Timbuktu (culture and learning center)

Ch. 5 Ch. 5

Acrostic AssignmentAcrostic Assignment

Great Rift Valley

3,000 miles long

Africa:

The“Tropica

l”Contine

nt

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

Tropic of Capricorn20° S

Equator 0°

Vegetation Zones

The African Savannah:

13 million sq. mi.

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Section 1 pgs. 133-135Section 1 pgs. 133-135

Mansa Musa’s Mansa Musa’s Famous Famous

PilgrimagePilgrimage

Cross-Curricular Cross-Curricular

Reading and Writing Reading and Writing AssignmentAssignment

Ch. 6, Section 1 ReviewCh. 6, Section 1 Review

1.1. Ghana is located inGhana is located in a. northeastern Africaa. northeastern Africa b. northwestern Africab. northwestern Africa c. the middle of Africac. the middle of Africa

2. Which valuable items were just as 2. Which valuable items were just as valuable as the othervaluable as the other

a. golda. gold b. saltb. salt c. copperc. copper

3. Define silent barter-

4. List 4 sources that contributed to

Ghana’s wealth

a. c.

b. d.

5. Give 3 reasons why Ghana collapsed a. b. c.

6. Define overgrazing

Mansa MusaMansa Musa

1. Pg. 139 Timbuktu (important trading city at the height of Mali’s power under the ruler, Mansa Musa.

2. Mansa means he had political and religious power. He Ruled over the region named Mali for over 25 years

3. Most famous Muslim king who was powerful, successful, wealthy and very generous.

4. Who was the son of the powerful king named Sundiata

5. Helped Islam spread throughout western Africa

6. He build mosques, emphasized education, Arabic ( “read the Qur’an”)

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage

Preview the writing prompt before we Preview the writing prompt before we readread

“ “ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest grand tours ever recorded. grandest grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular wealth displayed by his The spectacular wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled the people on his entourage so dazzled the people on his line of march that their descendants line of march that their descendants still talked about it one hundred years still talked about it one hundred years after it occurred.”after it occurred.”

Feel free to use these facts on Feel free to use these facts on thethe

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage• Mansa Musa’s journey included lots Mansa Musa’s journey included lots

of money, 80-100 camel-loads of of money, 80-100 camel-loads of gold dust, each load weighing about gold dust, each load weighing about 300 pounds, 60,000 men including 300 pounds, 60,000 men including family members, servants, doctors family members, servants, doctors teachers and his closest friends.teachers and his closest friends.

• Include at least 1 additional fact to Include at least 1 additional fact to go along with this same ideago along with this same idea..

Slide 2 TitleSlide 2 Title == SundiataSundiata

1. Who was Sundiata?1. Who was Sundiata? He was one of the first He was one of the first leaders of Mali. leaders of Mali.

2. Why was he important2. Why was he important?? He build a huge army and helped improved He build a huge army and helped improved

agriculture.agriculture.

3. 3. Add an addition 1-2 facts about himAdd an addition 1-2 facts about him

4. 4. Add a picture of himAdd a picture of him

5. 5. Or add a picture of the Empire of MaliOr add a picture of the Empire of Mali

Slide # 3 Title =Slide # 3 Title = Mansa MusaMansa Musa

1.1. Who was Mansa Musa?Who was Mansa Musa? In 1307, Mansa In 1307, Mansa Musa became the leader of Mali.Musa became the leader of Mali.

2. Why was he important?2. Why was he important? He ruled the He ruled the empire of Mali for twenty-five years. He empire of Mali for twenty-five years. He extended the boundaries of the empire, extended the boundaries of the empire, he encouraged many to become Muslim he encouraged many to become Muslim and he encouraged the spread of and he encouraged the spread of learning because he loved the arts, learning because he loved the arts, architecture, literature, etc. architecture, literature, etc.

3. Add a picture of him3. Add a picture of him

Slide # 4 Title =Slide # 4 Title = Mansa Musa’s EmpireMansa Musa’s Empire

1.1. Mansa Musa captured Timbuktu, Gao, Mansa Musa captured Timbuktu, Gao, and Djenne, three very important cities.and Djenne, three very important cities.

2. Tell why these cities are important. Give 2. Tell why these cities are important. Give at least 3 reasons.at least 3 reasons.

3. Add a picture or a map of one of these 3. Add a picture or a map of one of these three cities or a map that shows all threethree cities or a map that shows all three

Slide #5 Title =Slide #5 Title = Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous

PilgrimagePilgrimage1. A hajj and pilgrimage mean they mean the same 1. A hajj and pilgrimage mean they mean the same

thing.thing.

2. Mansa Musa was on his way to Make a pilgrimage 2. Mansa Musa was on his way to Make a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

3. Where was Mansa Musa’s first stop? To what city 3. Where was Mansa Musa’s first stop? To what city and country? He stopped at Cairo, Egypt in and country? He stopped at Cairo, Egypt in 1324.1324.

4. Include one additional fact to go along with this 4. Include one additional fact to go along with this idea.idea.

Feel free to use these slides forFeel free to use these slides for

Musa’s Famous PilgrimageMusa’s Famous Pilgrimage• Mansa Musa was very famous. He gave Mansa Musa was very famous. He gave

away elaborate gifts including the 80-100 away elaborate gifts including the 80-100 camel-loads of gold.camel-loads of gold.

• He gave away so much gold that the He gave away so much gold that the price of gold fell sharply.price of gold fell sharply.

• Include 1-2 additional facts about his Include 1-2 additional facts about his elaborate giftselaborate gifts..

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Read aloud as a classRead aloud as a class

2.2. Brainstorm and write down ideas to Brainstorm and write down ideas to write aboutwrite about

3.3. We have already learned about this, so We have already learned about this, so we will use our lecture notes and tap we will use our lecture notes and tap into a prior knowledge of this topicinto a prior knowledge of this topic

4.4. Practice responding to a writing promptPractice responding to a writing prompt

or a quoteor a quote

Slide #6 Title = Slide #6 Title = Mansa Musa Converts Mansa Musa Converts

People to IslamPeople to Islam

1.1. He encouraged people to read and He encouraged people to read and write in Arabic.write in Arabic.

2.2. He the people of Mali to read the He the people of Mali to read the Qur’anQur’an

TimbuktuTimbuktu

1. Where is Timuktu located?1. Where is Timuktu located?

2. Give three important facts about the 2. Give three important facts about the city.city.

3. Include a picture.3. Include a picture.

BrainstormingBrainstorming

What did he bring with him?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage

Camel Caravan

1.How many men?

2. Who did he bring with him?

3.

4.

Class Brainstorm:Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white write these ideas on the white board. Students take notes in your spiral notebook.board. Students take notes in your spiral notebook.

1. Where was his first stop?

2. Why did he stop?

3. Where was he going?

4. What did he do here?

5. Other ideas:

1. Where is this mosque located?

country?

city?

2. Define hajj or pilgrimage

3. It is one of the ____ Pillars of _________

4. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar

If and only if you are If and only if you are completely finished…completely finished…

You may research a topic that is You may research a topic that is related to ancient Africa and add related to ancient Africa and add onto your presentation.onto your presentation.

Only if you are completely finished.Only if you are completely finished.

DirectionsDirections

1.1. Type all slides firstType all slides first

2.2. Research additional topics/questionsResearch additional topics/questions

3.3. Add picturesAdd pictures

4.4. Edit your work; proof readEdit your work; proof read

5.5. Save your workSave your work

6.6. Then add background color and Then add background color and special effects lastspecial effects last

Save Your WorkSave Your Work1.1. Remember to continue to save your work in case Remember to continue to save your work in case

you hit the wrong button and your work dissappears. you hit the wrong button and your work dissappears.

2. I recommend saving after every 2 slides that you 2. I recommend saving after every 2 slides that you createcreate

3. Go to File, Save As3. Go to File, Save As

4. Select My Documents4. Select My Documents

5. Give your file a name, and select save5. Give your file a name, and select save

6. The next time you save, go to File, Save6. The next time you save, go to File, Save

SpacingSpacing

1.1. Use the space bar to scoot words Use the space bar to scoot words overover

2. Use the backspace button to back-2. Use the backspace button to back-upup

3. Highlight and hit the delete key to 3. Highlight and hit the delete key to get rid of wordsget rid of words

Colored WordsColored Words

1.1. Type the wordType the word

2.2. Highlight the wordHighlight the word

3.3. Go to the top of the screen, Format,Go to the top of the screen, Format,

click on the color, size, styleclick on the color, size, style

Add another SlideAdd another Slide

1. Insert, New Slide1. Insert, New Slide

Insert a PictureInsert a Picture

1.1. right-click on the picture, select copyright-click on the picture, select copy

2.2. Go to your slide, click the mouse oneGo to your slide, click the mouse one

time, and right-click on the mouse, time, and right-click on the mouse, pastepaste

3. Clip Art: Go to Insert, Picture, Clip Art, 3. Clip Art: Go to Insert, Picture, Clip Art,

and double-click on the pictureand double-click on the picture

Add Special EffectsAdd Special Effects

1.1. Do this only after you are finished Do this only after you are finished with the typing, and pictureswith the typing, and pictures

2.2. Go to Slide Show, Custom Go to Slide Show, Custom AnimimationAnimimation

3.3. Add an EffectAdd an Effect

How to see your Show?How to see your Show?

1.1. Go to Slide Show, View ShowGo to Slide Show, View Show

2.2. Right-click to end the showRight-click to end the show

Move the slides aroundMove the slides around

1. Click on the Small box with 4 squares to move boxes around

2. Double-click on one of the boxes to get out of this option

PrintingPrinting1. The cost for printing is .10 per page1. The cost for printing is .10 per page

2. Only print if you have money on Wednesday when you are 2. Only print if you have money on Wednesday when you are finished.finished.

3. Go to file, print3. Go to file, print

4. Select4. Select

5. Select black and white5. Select black and white

6. Get permission to print.6. Get permission to print.

7. See the previous slide if you are confused.7. See the previous slide if you are confused.

1. Click on “Print What”

2. Select Black and White

What do we do with What do we do with our printed slides?our printed slides?

1.1. For homework, due next Wed., you will cut out each slide For homework, due next Wed., you will cut out each slide (square)(square)

2.2. Simply cut along the black edgesSimply cut along the black edges3.3. Put the slides in order to create a bookPut the slides in order to create a book4.4. Since we used a black and white printer, use markers or Since we used a black and white printer, use markers or

colored pencils to color each slidecolored pencils to color each slide

5. Color the following:5. Color the following: a. the titlesa. the titles b. every pictureb. every picture c. do not scribble over the words with markers or c. do not scribble over the words with markers or

colored pencilscolored pencils d. this should look neatd. this should look neat e. in class, we will place construction paper on the front e. in class, we will place construction paper on the front

and back and then staple all work in the form and back and then staple all work in the form of of

a small book.a small book.

Talking and Disruptive Talking and Disruptive BehaviorBehavior

1. One verbal warning1. One verbal warning

2. 22. 2ndnd time you are spoken to, you will be sent out of the room time you are spoken to, you will be sent out of the room to write 5 standardsto write 5 standards

3. If you still talk when you come back, you will be dismissed 3. If you still talk when you come back, you will be dismissed from this assignment and be expected to make it up from this assignment and be expected to make it up during lunch detention.during lunch detention.

4. Students are not productive when they talk and work at the 4. Students are not productive when they talk and work at the same time.same time.

5. This assignment is due today at the end of the period.5. This assignment is due today at the end of the period.

African Rain Forest

# Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.

# Rapid decomposition (very humid).

# Covers 37 countries.

# 15% of the land surface of Africa.

Mt. Kilimanjaro:Snow on the Equator?

The

Complete

Topography

Of

AFRICA

Nile River

Congo River

Zambezi River

Niger River

Orange River

Limpopo River

Mediterranean Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Red Sea

L. Victoria

L. Albert-->

L. Chad-->

L. Tanganyika->

<--Gu

lf of A

den

Drajensburg Mts.

Ruw

enzori Mts.

Δ Mt. Kenya

Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro

Sahara Desert

Sahel

Kalahari

Desert

Nam

ib D

esert

Libyan Desert

Gre

at R

ift

Val

ley

Atlas Mts.

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

Tropic of Capricorn20° S

Equator 0°

Natural Resources

IV. Mansa MusaA.Mali’s famous Muslim king

1. hired artists & architectsto build mosques2. sent scholars to study in Morocco3. stressed importance of reading and writing in Arabic4. tolerant of other religions

IV. Mansa MusaA.Mali’s famous Muslim king

1. hired artists & architectsto build mosques2. sent scholars to study in Morocco3. stressed importance of reading and writing in Arabic4. tolerant of other religions

Consolidation of Power, pg. 138

12. Muslim 12. After Sundiata died, the next rulers were

______________ .

The Fall of Mali, pg. l40

13. leaders 13. Mali’s success depended on its strong ____

14. weak 14. Mali fell because there were _____ leaders

15. size 15. One reason why Mali fell was because of its…

16. large 16. The empire became so ____, the gov.

could not control it.

17. nomads 17. ______ from the Sahara seized Timbuktu

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage

Preview the writing prompt before we Preview the writing prompt before we readread

“ “ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest grand tours ever recorded. grandest grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular wealth displayed by his The spectacular wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled the people on his entourage so dazzled the people on his line of march that their descendants line of march that their descendants still talked about it one hundred years still talked about it one hundred years after it occurred.”after it occurred.”

Desertification

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage

Camel Caravan

1.How many men?

2. Who did he bring with him?

3.

4.

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage

Glue your paragraph here. You may write it on white lined paper or write directly onto the paper.

You should have the following

1. Title centered at the top of the paragraph

2. Create a topic sentence

3. Have 3-5 complete sentences describing the pilgrimage

4. Write a concluding sentence

5. Be neat and picture must be colored

Mansa Musa’s Famous Mansa Musa’s Famous PilgrimagePilgrimage

Preview the writing prompt before we Preview the writing prompt before we readread

“ “ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest grand tours ever recorded. grandest grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular wealth displayed by his The spectacular wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled the people on his entourage so dazzled the people on his line of march that their descendants line of march that their descendants still talked about it one hundred years still talked about it one hundred years after it occurred.”after it occurred.”

BrainstormingBrainstorming

What did he bring with him?

1.

2.

3.

4.

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Read aloud as a classRead aloud as a class

2.2. Brainstorm and write down ideas to Brainstorm and write down ideas to write aboutwrite about

3.3. We have already learned about this, so We have already learned about this, so we will use our lecture notes and tap we will use our lecture notes and tap into a prior knowledge of this topicinto a prior knowledge of this topic

4.4. Practice responding to a writing promptPractice responding to a writing prompt

or a quoteor a quote

Class Brainstorm:Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white write these ideas on the white board. Students take notes in your spiral notebook.board. Students take notes in your spiral notebook.

1. Where was his first stop?

2. Why did he stop?

3. Where was he going?

4. What did he do here?

5. Other ideas:

Textbook reading pgs. 138-Textbook reading pgs. 138-141 141

Class Supplement, read pg. 53-Class Supplement, read pg. 53-5757

1.1. Read together as a classRead together as a class

2.2. Brainstorm together using the Brainstorm together using the textbook and class notestextbook and class notes

3.3. Create a graphic organizer to Create a graphic organizer to gather our thoughtsgather our thoughts

4.4. Discuss the topic sentenceDiscuss the topic sentence

5.5. Discuss the important details (3-5)Discuss the important details (3-5)

6.6. Discuss the concluding sentenceDiscuss the concluding sentence

Assignment ObjectiveAssignment Objective

1.1. Read about Mansa Musa’s famous Read about Mansa Musa’s famous pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

2. Write a paragraph to describe his 2. Write a paragraph to describe his journey.journey.

3. Cross-curricular assignment: reading 3. Cross-curricular assignment: reading comprehension and writing comprehension and writing paragraphsparagraphs

AssignmentAssignment Please turn in your graphic organizer Please turn in your graphic organizer

with your assignmentwith your assignment Write one paragraph describing the Write one paragraph describing the

famous pilgrimage on notebook paperfamous pilgrimage on notebook paper Trim off the holes on your paper Trim off the holes on your paper

located along the left-hand marginlocated along the left-hand margin Draw and color a picture to go along Draw and color a picture to go along

with the writing assignmentwith the writing assignment Glue the paragraph to the bottom of Glue the paragraph to the bottom of

the pagethe page

Assignment ChecklistAssignment Checklist

1.1. Completed graphic organizerCompleted graphic organizer

2.2. Create a well-written paragraph describing the Create a well-written paragraph describing the pilgrimagepilgrimage

3.3. Use your best writingUse your best writing

4.4. Draw and color a picture to go along with the Draw and color a picture to go along with the paragraphparagraph

5.5. Glue the paragraph to the picture. Make sure it Glue the paragraph to the picture. Make sure it is located at the bottom of the pictureis located at the bottom of the picture

Pilgrimage, camel caravan, gold, money, salt, gifts, 60,000 (draw people), Saudi Arabia, Mecca, Cairo Egypt, etc.Class Notes- remember to see your class notes in your spiral notebook for ideas. You can see the notes we brainstormedand wrote together in class or preview the notes we took for each slide for the PowerPoint Presentation.

http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/fwalters/toeflwrite.html

1. Where is this mosque located?

country?

city?

2. Define hajj or pilgrimage

3. It is one of the ____ Pillars of _________

4. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar

Write your ideas: Cornell Write your ideas: Cornell NotesNotes

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

What are we writing about?What are we writing about?

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

Topic sentence

Supporting Details

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

What was he going to do?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

Where was he going?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

Who did he bring with him?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

What did he bring with him?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

Where was his first stop?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

What did he do here?

What things did he give away

Other facts

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

5.

Developing the ParagraphDeveloping the Paragraph

Why did he go on the pilgrimage?

Where was he going?

Other facts

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

5.

V. Songhai empire A. Defeated Mali after Mansa Musa’s death B. Sunni Ali unified and enlarged empire 1. his son Sunni Baru was not Muslim and

was overthrowna. people thought empire

would lose trade and power

C. Askia the Great led rebellion & defeated

Sunni Baru 1. created specialized government

offices & a permanent professional

army

VI. Songhai Falls to Morocco A. Moroccans troops invade to gain control of salt mines 1. They were successful because of a new weapon:

the arquebus an early form of a gun

VII. African Traditions A. griots were storytellers who passed down oral history

1.proverbs: short sayings of wisdom or truth

2. the Dausi and the Sundiata are “epics” or long poems that tell of kingdoms and heroes

B. Music and dance: entertainment and a way to celebrate history

1. traditions carried on at weddings & funerals

C. Religion1.Malians believe their ancestors

made an agreement w/spirits of the land who made sure the food grew

C. Clothing:1. Kente cloth used for

special occasions