Yuri Oganessian
Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
SHE in JINR
109th Session of the JINR Scientific Council Feb.17-
18, 2010, Dubna.
Synthesis of SHE with 48Ca-induced
reactions
10 years
DecaychainsDecaychains
184
244Pu, 248Cm +48Ca Z=116
114
112
110
Talk at the Meeting of RAS, Nov.,2000Talk at the Meeting of RAS, Nov.,2000
170 μs
0.7 ms
114
11s
0.5 min
2.5 s
0.06 s
A/Z Setup Laboratory Publications
283112 SHIP GSI Darmstadt Eur. Phys. A32, 251 (2007)
283112 COLD PSI-FLNR (JINR) NATURE 447, 72 (2007)
286, 287114 BGS LRNL (Berkeley) P.R. Lett. 103, 132502 (2009)
288, 289114
292, 293116
TASCA
SHIP
GSI – Mainz
GSI Darmstadt
P.R. Lett. 104, 252701 (2010)
Eur. Phys. (to be published)
Confirmations 2007-2010
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
2010
6 new superheavy elements
48 new isotopes
Yu.
Oga
nes
sian
20
10118
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
T1/2= 320d
249Bk +48Ca
117
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
105 110 115 120
Cold fusion
100Atomic number
Cross sectionsCross sections
48Ca-inducedreactions
SHE
factor ~300
Technical Achievements& Collaborations
“in flight” separation
chemical separation
1985
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany*LBL, UC Berkeley, CAUniv. of Mainz, GermanyLANL, Los Alamos, NMEIR, Würenlingen, Switzerland
Search for Element 116 in 248Cm + 48Ca reactionSearch for Element 116 in 248Cm + 48Ca reaction
292116
293116
2000
FLNR, DubnaLLNL, Livermore, CA
The neutron-rich isotopes of the Actinides was produced at ORNL (USA) by irradiation: of Cm and Am targets in each
campaine for approximately
250 days
by thermal-neutron flux of
2.5 1015 n/cm²·s
in the HFIR (High Flux Isotope Reactor).
TARGETS
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
5
10
15
20
25
30
27 1 10 20 30 40 50
10
20
30
0
Be
am c
urr
ent
(e
mA
)
70 days cont inious ir radiat ion
1 p A
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50268269270271272273274275276277278
27 1 10 20 30 50
+_0
.75
MeV
A ugus tJu ly S ep tem ber
En
erg
y (M
eV
)
2 73
269
277
Tim e (d )
E*=39.2 MeV
4 0
Beam dose: 2.4·1019
0.3%
BEAMS
48C a-ions
ro ta ting entrancew indow
gas-filledcham ber
detec to rs ta tion
reco ils
pos ition sensitives trip de tecto rs
TO F -de tecto rs
“veto ” de tecto rs
22.50
S H reco il
s ide detec to rs
Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil SeparatorDubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator
From the characteristicsof the DGFRS, it follows
that with a 48Са-beam dose of
3∙1017 realized for 1 day
the observation of
one decay event
corresponds to the production cross section of
about 10 pb.
beam48Ca
target
DETECTORS
Decay Properties of SHE:
expected & obtained
12.0
11 .0
10 .0
110112
Z-even
Theory:
114
116
118
108
106
9.0
8.0
7.0260 270 280 2 09 300
A tom ic m ass num ber
Alp
ha d
eca
y en
erg
y (M
eV)
Z-even
Exp:
Alpha-decayAlpha-decay
Trans-actinides
Superheavy nuclei
-6
-8
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Z=112
112
114110
106
106108
104
102
100
98 N 6=1 2
N 5=1 2N 84=1
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185N eu tron num ber
Log
T
(s)
SF
TheorySpontaneous fission half-livesSpontaneous fission half-lives
Actinides
48Ca-induced reactions
With Z >40% larger than that of Bi, the heaviest stable element, we see an impressive extension in nuclear survival.
Although SHN are at the limits of Coulomb stability,
•shell stabilization lowers ground-state energy,
•creates a fission barrier,
•and thereby enables SHN to exist. .
The fundamentals of the modern theory concerning the mass limits of nuclear matter have obtained experimental verification
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
Consequences
-2-2
-3
-3
-6
-5
-5
-7
-4
-4
-4
-14
SHE
U
Pb Bi
Th -2-2
-3
-3
-6
-5
-5
-7
-4
-4
-4
-14
120 130 160140 170150 18080
90
100
110
120
190
SHE
U
Pb Bi
Th
neutrons →
prot
ons
→
Nuclear structure and decay properties of the
SHNNuclear Physics
Chemical properties of the SHEChemistry
Search fornew shells
Nuclear theory
Search for SHE in Nature
Astrophysics
Electronic structure of SHE-atomsAtomic Physics
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
Decays & Spectroscopyof Super heavy Nuclei
118
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
6 new superheavy elements 117
48 new isotopes
Previously known nuclei from cold Fusion reactions
It is questionable that “filling in empty spaces” would give us significantinformation aboutnuclear structure of SHE
neutrons
pro
ton
s
No
Rf
22 N e26 M g34 S (5n)
Db
Sg
Hs
Bh
Ds
10-30
10-32
10-34
10-36
10-38
4n
-cro
ss
sect
ion
(c
m2
)
Projectiles
48Ca
112112
114116
140 150
152 162
180160 190170N eutron num ber
184
σxn ~ (Γn / Γf)x;
х – number of evaporated neutrons
(Γn / Γf) ~ exp (Bf – Bn) / T
Bf = BfLD + ΔEShell
0
Cross sectionsCross sectionsHot fusion
Ex=45-50 MeV
SHN
118
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
117
Z=110-114N=170-172
TSF= 0.001-10s
Z=104-106 very neutron-rich nucleiN=162-166
T1/2 = 104-105s
Spontaneous fissionof heavy and super heavy elements
268104268104
Yie
ld (
rel.
un
its
)
rel.
un
its
E. K. Hulet, et al., P.R. C40, 770 (1989)
QF = 268 MeV
Z1 ≈ Z2 = 50-54
N1 = N2 = 82
155
Neutron num ber
Hal
f-lif
e,
T
(s)
160 165 170 175
118
117
116114
112
112
113
113
110
110
111
111115
1801 0 -6
1 0 -4
1 0 -2
1 0 -4
1 0 0 1 s
1 m in
1 m s
102
Act. + 48Ca
N=162
“on
lin
e”
“gas
cat
cher
”
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
48Ca-ions
rotating entrancewindow
gas-filledcham ber
detectorstation
recoils
SH recoils
beam48Ca
target
ε=0.5 mm·mradΔE=0.5 eV
Experimental l techniqueposition sensitive
strip detectors
TOF-detectors
“veto” detectors
side detectorsFLNR / ANL
Superheavy Atoms
Chemistry of the SHE
50
100
-100
200
-200
300
-300
400
-400
511
-511
0100 150
positive energy continium
negative energy continium
En
erg
y (
keV
)
Z
e+e+
m c02-
m c02
R=0
e-e-
200
(point charge)
Zmax=1/α=137where α is fine-structure constant
Heaviest atoms in QED
SHE Hg
(finite size)R=r A01/3
Zmax≈173
Zmax
rmax - principal maximum of the wave function of the outermost orbital
chemical compound (Au·Hg)
(Au·112)
R. Eichler et al., Nature 447 (2007) 72
FLNR / PSI
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
SHE ion charge exchange in the gas-target
Beam of SHEwith variable energy
Theoretical Models
Nuclear forces
Macro – Microscopic Model (MMM)Hartry – Fock – Bogolubov (HFB)Relativistic Mean Field (RMF)
178176174172170168166164162160 180 182 184 186N eutron num ber
Pro
ton
num
ber
118118
116116
114114
112
110
108
106
120120
122122
MMM
MMM
HFB
+48Ca
251Cf
+50Ti
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
Strategy
U-400 & DGFRS
New type DGFRS
New Accelerator
Upgrade of U-400
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Experimental hall
Z=117
2.5p A
10-20 p A
new target / gas catcher
new physics
1
2.5
3.0
20
Gain factors for production of Super-heavy nuclei
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
Current experiments 2.5pμA
Dear Yuri
We have received authorization from DOE for production of Bk-249 for the upcoming experiments at Dubna and at GSI.
Your letter and your trip to DOE were very helpful in securing approval. Thank you for your support.
We anticipate that the material will be ready for shipment later this year in the December-January timeframe. A more detailed schedule will be forthcoming.We look forward to working with you on these exciting experiments.
With best regards,Jim
Feb.17, 2011, 1:59 AM. From ORNL, USA
Thank you
•New basis Type / parameters
New multi-charge ion sources or its combinations PIG-type / ECR-type
New accelerator with high beam intensity and projectile energy ≤ 10 MeV·A
10-20 pμA of 48Ca-ions (beam power ~5 kW)
New experimental hall 2500 m2
New separation setups, fast transport systems and sophisticated detector arrays
Thick target + Gas-Field Separator + Gas Catcher
New production of 248Cm, 249Bk, 251Cf. Development of the target technologies and constructions of new target station
Programs for HIFR and RIAR (Dimitrovgrad)
2011 - 2017
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
Task The state of things
Completion of the synthesis of SHE Z= 113-117 (now Z=115-113)
IUPAC approval and giving the names to SHE
Upgrade of U-400 cyclotron 2.0-2.5 pμA of 48Ca and 50Ti beams (ready / on demand)
Gas-catcher transport system (collaboration with ANL and Cycl. Inst. of the Texas A&M University)
transport time ≥ 5ms, transmission ≥ 50% (production began)
Separation of 251Cf and 247Cm-isotopes. Target preparation
New separator. (find solution: possibly new separator at ORNL)
Synthesis of element Z=118 reaction 251Cf(48Ca,3-4n) 296,295118
Synthesis of element Z=120
New detectors: X-rays and γ-rays to study of SHE and fast detector for synthesis Z=118, 120 as well as charge particles to study α-decay & SF
reaction 251Cf+50Ti, (production of 50Ti-beam at U400 cyclotron)
Under construction in ORNL and JINR
2011 - 2016
100
110
120
160 170 180 190Neutron num ber N
Pro
ton
nu
mbe
r Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bf (MeV)
P. Moller et al., Phys. Rev., C79, 064304 (2009)
spherical
deformed
▼
▼▼
▼▼
▼
▼▼
▼
▼▼▼
▼
▼
▼
Z=117
Z=112▼
▼
▼
~8pb
≤0.6pb
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
more and more inert?
H
1
Li
3
Be
4
Na
11
M g
12
K
19
Ca
20
Sc
21
104
Ti
22
V
23
Cr
24
M n
25
Fe
26
Co
27
Ni
28
Cu
29
Zn
30
1
2
3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
He
B
Al Si P S
ONC F
Cl Ar
Ne
7105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 115114 116 117 118
72 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 8655 56
87 88
37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
31 32 33 34 35 36
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs M t
Rb Sr Y Zr M oNb Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Tc I Xe
Cs Ba Hf WTa Re O s Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra
G a G e As Se Br Kr
Dar
ms-
tad
tiu
m
Ds Rg
5
73
41
?
Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements
114 115112 113
Yu. Oganessian. Colloquium at MIT, Feb.10, 2011
243Am , 249Bk237Np ,From reactions: 48Ca +
N=162 164 166
Z=104SF SF
M. Bender et al., PRC60 & PLB515
251Cf + 48Ca → 296(118) +3n →Z=114 / N=184
114114114
120 120 120
114 114 114
120 120 120
251Cf + 50Ti → 298(120) +3n →
Yu. Oganessian “SHE in JINR” 109-th Session of the SC of JINR, Feb. 17-18, 2011, Dubna
Oganessian, ENAM (2008)
Neutron number100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
120
110
100
90
80
70
Pro
ton
nu
mb
er
Island of Island of StabilityStability
ShoalShoal
PeninsulaPeninsula
ContinentContinentSea of InstabilitySea of Instability
1µs 1s 1h 1y 1My
Opportunities for future research
• New targets
• New beams
• New elements
• New isotopes
• Higher neutron numbers
• New physics
• New chemistry
Top Related