IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
An
aly
sis
Tri
an
gle
Un
ita
rity
of
Sta
tus on behalf of the Collaboration
http://www.utfit.org
M. B
on
a, M
. C
iuc
hin
i, E
. F
ran
co
, V
. L
ub
icz,
G. M
art
inelli, F
. P
aro
di, M
. P
ieri
ni, P
. R
ou
dea
u,
C.
Sch
iavi, L
. S
ilvestr
ini, A
. S
tocc
hi, V
. V
.
Bo
log
na
Bo
log
na
Vin
ce
nzo
Vin
ce
nzo
Vag
no
ni
Vag
no
ni
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
2IF
AE
2006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
CK
M P
hysic
s:
no
t ju
st
a t
rian
gle
...
CK
M P
hysic
s:
no
t ju
st
a t
rian
gle
...
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
1-λ λλλ
2/2
λ λλλ
− −−−λ λλλ1-λ λλλ
2/2
u c
ds
b
A λ λλλ
3(1
-ρ ρρρ-i
η ηηη)
-Aλ λλλ2
t
d, s
b
d, s
b
Vtd
,Vts
B O
scil
lati
on
s
A λ λλλ
3(ρ ρρρ
− −−−iη ηηη
)
Aλ λλλ2
1
Vtb
c,u
B d
ecays
b
Vu
b,V
cb
Wo
lfen
ste
inp
ara
metr
izati
on
4 p
ara
mete
rs:λ λλλ
,A,
ρ, η
ρ, η
ρ, η
ρ, η
b-P
hys
ics
pla
ys
a c
ruci
al
role
in
th
e
det
erm
inati
on
of
tho
se p
ara
met
ers
Th
e C
KM
ma
trix
T
he
CK
M m
atr
ix
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
4IF
AE
2006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
††
1V
VV
V=
=
Th
eC
KM
is
unitary
**
*0
ub
ud
cb
cd
tbtd
VV
VV
VV
++
=
*2
2
*
11
(1)
~td
tbtd
td
cd
cb
cb
ts
VV
VV
AB
VV
VV
ρη
λλ
==
−+
=
*2
22
*
11
2
ud
ub
ub
cd
cb
cb
VV
VA
CV
VV
λρ
ηλ
==
+=
−
* *ata
n(1
)arg
tdtb
cd
cb
VV
VV
ηβ
ρ
=
−
=
* *ata
narg
ud
ub
cd
cb
VV
VV
ηγ
ρ
=
=
α +
β +
γ =
π1
Th
e U
nit
ari
ty T
rian
gle
T
he
Un
ita
rity
Tri
an
gle
Th
en
on
-dia
go
nal ele
men
tso
f th
em
atr
ixp
rod
ucts
co
rresp
on
d t
o
6 tr
ian
gle
eq
uati
on
s
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Bayes
Th
eore
m
Sta
nd
ard
Mo
del
+
OP
E/H
QE
T/
La
ttic
e Q
CD
to g
o
fro
m q
ua
rks
to h
ad
ron
s}
, m
t}
M. B
on
a e
t a
l.(U
Tfi
t C
olla
bo
rati
on
)J
HE
P 0
50
7 (
20
05
) h
ep
-ph
/05
011
99
M. B
on
a e
t a
l.(U
Tfi
t C
olla
bo
rati
on
)J
HE
P 0
60
3 (
20
06
) h
ep
-ph
/05
092
19
Th
e U
TT
he
UT
fit
fit
me
tho
d a
nd
th
e in
pu
tsm
eth
od
an
d t
he
in
pu
ts
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
6IF
AE
2006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Cla
ssic
co
nstr
ain
ts
in t
he ρ ρρρ
− −−−η ηηηp
lan
e
Vu
b/V
cb
sin
(2β 2β2β2β
)
∆ ∆∆∆m
d
∆ ∆∆∆m
d/∆ ∆∆∆
ms
∆ ∆∆∆m
sfr
om
CD
F o
nly
ε εεε K
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
7IF
AE
2006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
... an
d t
he o
ther
... an
d t
he o
ther
frie
nd
sfr
ien
ds
sin
(2β+ 2β
+2β
+2β
+γ γγγ)
γ γγγ
α ααα
cos(
2β 2β2β2β)
β βββfr
om
D0π πππ0
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
8IF
AE
2006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Cru
cia
l m
ea
su
rem
en
t o
f C
ruc
ial m
ea
su
rem
en
t o
f ∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆
mms
s f
rom
CD
Ffr
om
CD
F
∆ ∆∆∆m
sp
red
icti
on
fro
m S
M U
T f
itw
ith
ou
t u
sin
g t
he
∆ ∆∆∆m
s
me
as
ure
me
nts
as
in
pu
t
∆ ∆∆∆m
s =
(2
1.5
±2
.6)
ps
-1
Lik
elih
oo
d o
f ∆ ∆∆∆
ms
fro
m C
DF
∆ ∆∆∆m
s =
(1
7.3
5 ±
0.2
5)
ps
-1
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
9IF
AE
2006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
An
gle
s v
s n
o a
ng
les
An
gle
s v
s n
o a
ng
les
ρ ρρρ=
0.2
03 ±
0.0
55
η ηηη=
0.3
16
±0
.025
ρ ρρρ=
0.1
97 ±
0.0
34
η ηηη=
0.3
97
±0
.025
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
10
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Fit
resu
lts in
Sta
nd
ard
Mo
del
scen
ari
oF
it r
esu
lts in
Sta
nd
ard
Mo
del
scen
ari
o
ρ ρρρ=
0.1
93 ±
0.0
29
η ηηη=
0.3
55
±0
.019
Cle
ar
ten
sion
in
th
e fi
t d
ue
to a
n e
xce
ss i
n V
ub/V
cb
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
11
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Slig
ht
inc
on
sis
ten
ce
in
th
e f
it d
ue
Slig
ht
inc
on
sis
ten
ce
in
th
e f
it d
ue
to l
arg
e v
alu
e o
f V
to l
arg
e v
alu
e o
f V
ub
u
b f
rom
HF
AG
fro
m H
FA
G
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
12
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Tre
eP
roc
es
se
sc
ou
ldb
eu
se
dto
«d
isc
ov
er
»N
P:
co
mp
ari
ng
«d
ire
ct»
(wh
ich
are
N
P f
ree
) a
nd
«in
dir
ec
t»(w
he
reN
P c
on
trib
uti
on
s c
ou
lds
ho
w u
p)
me
as
ure
me
nts
of
the
sa
me
qu
an
tity
.
γ=
65
±20
up
to π πππ
am
big
uit
y
A c
lea
re
vid
en
ce
tha
tw
ea
re b
eyo
nd
the
era
of
«a
lte
rna
tiv
es
»to
th
eS
M h
as
em
erg
ed
. N
P s
ho
uld
ap
pe
ar
as
«c
orr
ec
tio
ns
»to
th
eC
KM
pic
ture
Pre
dic
tion
from
oth
erco
nst
rain
tsb
ut
γ=
(61.1
±4.5
)°
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
13
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Fit
wit
h N
P-i
nd
ep
en
de
nt
co
ns
train
ts
usi
ng T
ree-
lev
el p
roce
sses
ass
um
ed t
o b
e N
P f
ree
*th
e ef
fect
of
the
D0-D
0 m
ixin
g
is n
egli
gib
le w
rt t
he
act
ua
l er
ror
ρ ρρρ=
±0
.18
±0
.12
η ηηη=
±0
.39
±0
.06
ver
y i
mp
ort
an
t to
im
pro
ve:
Vu
b/V
cbfr
om
sem
ilep
ton
icd
ecays
γ γγγfr
om
tre
e le
vel
pro
cess
es
refe
ren
ce
start
ing p
oin
t
for
NP
mod
el
bu
ild
ing
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
14
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Ne
w P
hys
ics
mo
de
l in
de
pe
nd
en
t N
ew
Ph
ys
ics
mo
de
l in
de
pe
nd
en
t p
ara
me
triz
ati
on
in
|p
ara
me
triz
ati
on
in
|∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆
F|=
2 t
ran
sit
ion
sF
|=2
tra
ns
itio
ns
sd
qB
HB
BH
Be
Cq
SM
eff
q
q
full
eff
qi
B
qB
q,
00
00
2= ===
= ===φ φφφ
Th
e m
ixin
g p
roc
es
se
s b
ein
g c
hara
cte
rized
by a
sin
gle
T
he m
ixin
g p
roc
es
se
s b
ein
g c
hara
cte
rized
by a
sin
gle
am
plitu
de, th
ey c
an
be p
ara
metr
ized
in
a g
en
era
l w
ay b
y
am
plitu
de, th
ey c
an
be p
ara
metr
ized
in
a g
en
era
l w
ay b
y
me
an
s o
f tw
o p
ara
me
ters
me
an
s o
f tw
o p
ara
me
ters
�H
SM
eff
inc
lud
es
on
ly S
M b
ox
dia
gra
ms
wh
ile
Hfu
lleff
inc
lud
es
Ne
w P
hy
sic
s
co
ntr
ibu
tio
ns
as
we
ll 00
00
ImIm
KH
K
KH
KC
SM
eff
full
eff
K= ===
ε εεε
Fo
r th
e n
eu
tra
l kao
n m
ixin
g c
as
e, it
is c
on
ven
ien
t to
in
tro
du
ce
F
or
the n
eu
tra
l kao
n m
ixin
g c
as
e, it
is c
on
ven
ien
t to
in
tro
du
ce
o
nly
on
e p
ara
me
ter
on
ly o
ne p
ara
me
ter
�∆ ∆∆∆
mK
is n
ot
co
ns
ide
red
sin
ce
th
e lo
ng
dis
tan
ce e
ffe
cts
are
no
t w
ell
co
ntr
oll
ed
Fo
ur
Fo
ur
““in
dep
en
den
tin
dep
en
den
t ””o
bse
rvab
les (
C=
1,
ob
se
rvab
les (
C=
1,
φ φφφφ φφφ =0 in
SM
)=
0 in
SM
)�
CB
d, φ φφφ
Bd, C
Bs,
φ φφφB
s
5 a
dd
itio
nal
pa
ram
eter
s5
ad
dit
ion
al
pa
ram
eter
s
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Allo
win
g f
or
NP
in
|A
llo
win
g f
or
NP
in
|∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆
F|=
2 t
ran
sit
ion
s t
he
F|=
2 t
ran
sit
ion
s t
he
ad
dit
ion
al p
ara
mete
rs a
re left
fre
e in
th
e f
itad
dit
ion
al p
ara
mete
rs a
re left
fre
e in
th
e f
it
SM
KK
B
SM
B
SM
B
SM
SM
sB
s
SM
dB
d
K
sdd
sd
C
mC
m
mC
m
ε εεεε εεε
φ φφφχ χχχ
χ χχχ
φ φφφα ααα
α ααα
φ φφφβ βββ
β βββ
ε εεε= ===
− −−−= ===
− −−−= ===
+ +++= ===
∆ ∆∆∆= ===
∆ ∆∆∆
∆ ∆∆∆= ===
∆ ∆∆∆ exp
exp
exp
expex
p
exp
XXXX
α αααα ααα(( ρ
ρ ρρρρρρρρ ρρρρρρ, ,
ρπ ρπρπρπρπ ρπρπρπ, ,
ππ ππππππππ ππππππ))
XXXX
AAS
LS
LBB
dd
XXXX
∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆mm
dd
XX∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆
mmss
XXXX
sin
2sin
2β ββββ βββ
XXXX
ε εεεε εεε KK
XXγ γγγγ γγγ
(DK
)(D
K)
XXVV
ub
ub/V/V
cb
cb
CCB
sB
sCC
ε εεεε εεε KKCC
Bd
Bd, ,
φ φφφφ φφφ Bd
Bd
ρ ρρρρ ρρρ, ,
η ηηηη ηηη
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
16
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
|Vu
b/V
cb|
∆ ∆∆∆m
d
ε εεε K AC
P(J
/ψ ψψψK
0)
γ γγγ(D
K)
|Vu
b/V
cb|
∆ ∆∆∆m
d
ε εεε K AC
P(J
/ψ ψψψK
0)
γ γγγ(D
K)
+α ααα co
s2β βββ
AS
L
α ααα cos2
β βββA
SL
Usin
g t
he N
P m
od
el
ind
ep
en
de
nt
ap
pro
ach
in
th
e f
it
Th
e in
clu
sio
n o
f A
SL
ha
s a
n i
mp
ac
t fo
r s
up
pre
ss
ing
th
e s
ate
llit
e N
P
so
luti
on
SM
-lik
eso
luti
on
(ver
ysu
ppre
ssed
) «
NP
»so
luti
on
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
17
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
CB
d=
1.2
7 ±
0.4
4
Cε εεεK
= 0
.95
±0
.18
All
ow
ing
fo
r th
e N
P
mo
del
ind
ep
en
de
nt
para
mete
rs t
o b
e
ad
juste
d b
y t
he f
it
CB
s=
1.0
1 ±
0.3
3φ φφφ B
d=
(-4
.7 ±
2.3
)o
∆ ∆∆∆m
s
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
18
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
New
Ph
ysic
sin
th
eb
→ →→→d
secto
r(n
ow
als
oin
th
eb� ���
s)
sta
rts
to b
eq
uit
ec
on
str
ain
ed
an
dm
ost
pro
ba
bly
willn
ot
co
me
as a
n a
ltern
ati
ve t
oth
eC
KM
pic
ture
, b
ut
rath
er
as a
«co
rrecti
on
»
Wh
at
to s
ay/h
op
e t
hen
?W
hat
to s
ay/h
op
e t
hen
?
Ba
sic
ally
two
sce
nari
os
Min
imal F
lav
ou
rV
iola
tio
n:
the
on
lyso
urc
e o
ffl
avo
ur
vio
lati
on
is
in t
he
SM
Yu
kaw
a
co
up
lin
gs
(im
plies
φ φφφ=0)
New
Ph
ysic
sco
up
lin
gs
betw
ee
nth
ird
an
dse
co
nd
fam
ilie
s
(b→ →→→
ssecto
r) a
re s
tro
ng
er
wit
hre
sp
ect
to t
he
b→ →→→
do
ne
s(?
)
Fla
vo
ur
ph
ysic
sn
ee
ds
to im
pro
ve
exis
tin
gm
ea
su
rem
en
tsin
th
eB
dsec
tor
an
dp
erf
orm
pre
cis
em
easu
rem
en
tin
th
eB
ssecto
r:
Ph
ysic
sP
hysic
scas
e f
or
cas
e f
or
Su
perB
Su
perB
an
da
nd
LH
Cb
LH
Cb
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
19
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
2010:
wh
ere
will w
e s
tan
d?
2010:
wh
ere
will w
e s
tan
d? 5%
5%
BBKK
5%
5%
3%
3%
ξ ξξξξ ξξξ
0.0
45
0.0
45
φ φφφφ φφφ ss
< 0
.3 p
s<
0.3
ps
-- 11∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆
mmss
4%
4%
|V|Vu
bu
b||
1%
1%
|V|Vc
bc
b||
55oo
γ γγγγ γγγ
55oo
α αααα ααα
0.0
10
0.0
10
sin
2sin
2β ββββ βββ
Sen
sit
ivit
y i
n 2
010
Sen
sit
ivit
y i
n 2
010
Ob
serv
ab
leO
bserv
ab
le
ss
BB
B̂f
�A
ss
um
pti
on
s
�B
Fa
cto
rie
s w
ill
co
lle
ct
L=
2 a
b-1
�tw
o g
oo
d y
ea
rs o
f d
ata
ta
kin
g a
t L
HC
b(L
=4
fb
-1)
�im
pro
ve
me
nts
in
LQ
CD
qu
an
titi
es
�C
rucia
l p
oin
t fr
om
no
w o
n i
f w
e w
an
t to
sp
ot
ou
t ti
ny
NP
eff
ects
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
20
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
20
10 s
en
sit
ivit
y t
o N
ew
Ph
ysic
s o
bs
erv
ab
les
2
01
0 s
en
sit
ivit
y t
o N
ew
Ph
ysic
s o
bs
erv
ab
les
in
|in
|∆ ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆
FF|=
2 t
ran
sit
ion
s f
rom
UT
fit
s|=
2 t
ran
sit
ion
s f
rom
UT
fit
s(a
ss
um
ing
Sta
nd
ard
Mo
del valid
ity)
(as
su
min
g S
tan
dard
Mo
del valid
ity)
σ σσσ≅ ≅≅≅
0.1
(no
w ~
0.2
)
K0
sec
tor
σ σσσ≅ ≅≅≅
1.3
°
(no
w ~
3°)
Bd
se
cto
r
σ σσσ≅ ≅≅≅
0.1
4(n
ow
~0.5
)
σ σσσ≅ ≅≅≅
1.3
o
Bs
sec
tor
σ σσσ≅ ≅≅≅
0.1
2
Usin
g t
he m
ea
su
rem
en
ts f
rom
a f
ew
ke
y L
HC
b B
Usin
g t
he m
ea
su
rem
en
ts f
rom
a f
ew
ke
y L
HC
b B
ssch
an
ne
lsch
an
ne
ls
(in
part
icu
lar
(in
part
icu
lar
φ φφφφ φφφ ss)) ,
an
d a
ssu
min
g B
, an
d a
ssu
min
g B
-- fa
cto
rie
s a
t 2 a
bfa
cto
rie
s a
t 2 a
b-- 11
an
d
an
d
imp
rov
em
en
ts in
th
e latt
ice q
uan
titi
es
, th
e p
recis
ion
on
NP
im
pro
ve
men
ts in
th
e latt
ice q
uan
titi
es
, th
e p
recis
ion
on
NP
ob
se
rvab
les f
or
bo
bse
rvab
les f
or
b� ���� ���
s F
CN
C t
ran
sit
ion
ss F
CN
C t
ran
sit
ion
sin
201
0in
201
0
will b
e a
t th
e s
am
e le
vel a
s t
he
bw
ill b
e a
t th
e s
am
e le
vel a
s t
he
b� ���� ���
d w
ith
im
pre
ssiv
e p
recis
ion
d w
ith
im
pre
ssiv
e p
recis
ion
Will it
be s
uff
icie
nt
to s
po
t o
ut
tin
y N
P e
ffec
ts?
Will it
be s
uff
icie
nt
to s
po
t o
ut
tin
y N
P e
ffec
ts?
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
21
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Co
nc
lus
ion
s (
I)C
on
clu
sio
ns
(I)
�A
larg
e s
et
of
ne
w b
ou
nd
s f
rom
B-f
ac
tori
es
allo
ws
o
ve
r-c
on
str
ain
ing
th
e U
nit
ari
tyT
rian
gle
�S
tan
dard
Mo
del is
“sad
ly”
sh
ow
ing
an
im
pre
ssiv
e c
on
sis
ten
cy in
th
e
CK
M s
ecto
r
�If
NP
will sh
ow
up
, it
will ap
pe
ar
as a
co
rrecti
on
to
th
e S
M r
ath
er
tha
n
as a
rev
olu
tio
n
�T
he o
nly
ten
sio
n in
th
e f
it c
om
es f
rom
a s
lig
ht
dis
ag
reem
en
t b
etw
een
sin
2β βββ
an
d V
ub
��BB
ssm
ixin
g m
ag
nit
ud
e f
rom
CD
F p
uts
an
oth
er
mix
ing
ma
gn
itu
de
fro
m C
DF
pu
ts a
no
the
r m
iles
ton
e t
o t
he
ho
pe
fo
r la
rge
NP
co
ntr
ibu
tio
ns
miles
ton
e t
o t
he
ho
pe
fo
r la
rge
NP
co
ntr
ibu
tio
ns
�eve
n if
the m
ixin
g p
ha
se s
till r
em
ain
s o
pe
n
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
22
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Co
nc
lus
ion
s (
II)
Co
nc
lus
ion
s (
II)
�B
y u
sin
g o
nly
th
e c
on
str
ain
ts f
rom
|V
ub|/|V
cb|
an
d γ γγγ
, w
e h
av
e a
(“N
P f
ree
”)
tre
e le
ve
l d
ete
rmin
ati
on
of
ρ ρρρa
nd
η ηηη�
Th
is is a
sta
rtin
g r
efe
ren
ce p
oin
t fo
r N
P m
od
el b
uild
ing
, sin
ce a
ll t
he
NP
mo
dels
have t
o a
gre
e w
ith
it
�A
do
pti
ng
a N
P m
od
el in
de
pe
nd
en
t p
ara
me
triz
ati
on
, w
e fi
t S
M (
ρ ρρρa
nd
η ηηη)
an
d N
P (
co
rre
cti
on
s t
o S
M i
n
mix
ing
am
plitu
de
s a
nd
ph
as
es
) to
ge
the
r�
Co
nstr
ibu
tio
ns
of
NP
to
th
e B
dm
ixin
g p
hase a
re a
lrea
dy v
ery
c
on
str
ain
ed
�� ���
sa
me
ph
as
e o
f S
M
��S
till N
P h
un
tin
g h
op
e i
n
Sti
ll N
P h
un
tin
g h
op
e i
n bb� ���� ���
ssp
en
gu
ins
an
d B
pe
ng
uin
s a
nd
Bss
mix
ing
ph
as
em
ixin
g p
ha
se
��A
lso
wit
h t
he
mix
ing
mag
nit
ud
es
, a c
ruc
ial p
oin
t is
A
lso
wit
h t
he
mix
ing
mag
nit
ud
es
, a c
ruc
ial p
oin
t is
th
e r
ed
uc
tio
n o
f u
nc
ert
ain
tie
s i
n la
ttic
e q
ua
nti
tie
s
the
re
du
cti
on
of
un
ce
rta
inti
es
in
la
ttic
e q
ua
nti
tie
s
Vin
cen
zo
Vag
no
ni
23
IFA
E 2
006,
Pavia
, 20
thA
pri
l 20
06
Th
e E
nd
Th
e E
nd
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