The miracle of reproduction and life giving
Female Reproductive physiology Puberty -is defined as
transitional period of rapid growth.
φ Physicalφ Psychological φ Sexual maturityφ Capacity to
reproduce
Physiological mechanism of puberty Brain Cortex
Hypothalamus
FSH
LH
LTH
PITUITARY PORTAL SYSTEM
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDFSH,LH, LTH
OVARIES
E P
SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTIC
Factors affecting onset of puberty1. Heredity2. Race3. Nutritional status 4. Presence or
absence of illness 5. Environment: Ω light- blind girls
menarche earlier. Ω stress- may delay
onset of puberty Ωclimate- extreme
heat/cold
Male & Female secondary characteristicFemale Male
Body configuration
Fat deposition in breast, hips and buttocks .Breast budding-nipples & areola (thelarche)
Shoulder broaden, muscles enlarge
Hair Growth and distribution
Growth of axillary and pubic hair (pubarche). F-inverted triangle with less hair.
Beard, axillary, chest and pubic hair appear(Pubarche). M-upright triangular pattern with increase body hair and less scalp hair.
Voice Stay high pitch Voice deepens
Genitalia a.Internal
b.External
glycogen content and configuration of vaginal mucosa. Cervical glands are active. Uterus becomes enlarge.
size of penis and scrotum. They become pigmented and rugose. Seminal vessicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands enlarge and secretes.
Psychological
Attracted to opposite sex Attracted to opposite sexBecomes more aggressive and active.
Skin Sebaceous gland secretion thickens and increase predisposing to acne in 75-90 % of individuals.
Progression of Puberty Age/
Years Growth Characteristic
9-10 Growth of the bony pelvis, beginning of female contour.Fat deposition Nipple budding
10-11 Breast budding – 2-3 years before menarche Appearance of pubic hair (Pubarche). Glycogen of vaginal mucosa increases (cernification).
12-13 oPigmentation of nipples
13-14 Axillary hair increase
REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH
Secondary sex characteristic of boys occurs in order:1. increase in weight 2. growth of testes3. growth of face, axillary, and pubic hair4. voice changes5. penile growth6. increase in height 7. spermatogenesis
Secondary sex characteristic of girls occurs in order:1. growth spurt2. increase in the traverse diameter of the pelvis3. breast development (thelarche)4. growth of pubic hair (adrenarche)5. onset of menstruation (menarche 12.5 y/o ave.)6. Ovulation occurs 1 – 2 years after menarche7. growth of axillary hair (adrenarche)8. vaginal secretion
Physiology of:
Menstruation Is the periodic, physiologic discharge of blood,
mucus and epithelial cells from the uterine mucosa, every 28-30 days from menarch to menopause except during pregnancy and lactation.
Physiology of menstruation: 1.The ovarian cycle 2.Endometrial cycle Objective of the ovarian cycle: to provide an ovum
fertilization. Objective of the endometrial cycle: to provide a
suitable bed in which fertilized ovum may implant and development.
Ovarian cycle
In the cortex of the ovary are several primodial follicles:
a.Oocyte- a single large, more or less round cell with large centrally located nucleous and a well defined nucleus.
b.Layer of granulosa
Phases of ovarian cycle 1. Pre ovulatory/ follicular
phase The first half of the ovarian
cycle characterized by development of graafian follicle.
Mature graafian follicle:
1. Theca externa
2. Theca interna
3. Membrane granulose
4. Antrum
5. Discuss progligerous
6. The mature ovum
In 28 day cycle, this phase last for 14 dayof menstruation.
Ovulation and rupture of graafian follicle occurs before the onset onset of the next menses.
2. Post ovulatory or luteal phase
This is the second half of the ovarian cycle during which the corpus luteum at the site of the rupture follicle.
Last 14 days regardless of the average length of the cycle.
Corpus luteum take charge in hormaonal regulation and begins to degenerate 1 week after ovulation.
Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian & Menstrual Cycles1. Hypothalamus releases GnRH.
2. GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH.
FSH
3. FSH stimulates a follicle to grow & produce estrogen.
Estrogen
Hormonal Regulation of Menstrual & Ovarian Cycles
FSHEstrogen
4. Rising levels of estrogen cause anterior pituitary to increase production & storage of LH.
LH
Estrogen
Hormonal Regulation of Menstrual & Ovarian Cycles
5. High estrogen causes LH to be released in a burst & the endometrium to thicken (proliferative phase).
6. High LH stimulates first meiotic division of primary oocyte.
FSHEstrogen
Estrogen
LH
Hormonal Regulation of Menstrual & Ovarian Cycles
7. High LH triggers ovulation.
FSHEstrogen
Estrogen
LH
8. High LH causes ruptured follicle to become a corpus luteum.
Hormonal Regulation of Menstrual & Ovarian Cycles
FSH
9. Corpus luteum produces progesterone.
Estrogen
Estrogen
LH
Progesterone
XX
10. Progesterone inhibits the production of FHS & LH by the anterior pituitary & stimulates secretory phase .
Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian & Menstrual Cycles11. Diminishing levels of FSH & LH
cause corpus luteum to deteriorate & produce less progesterone.
12. Dimishing levels of estrogen & progesterone cause inhibition of FSH & LH to end & thickened endometrium to slough (menses).
Estrogen
FSH
LH
ProgesteroneXX
X
Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian & Menstrual Cycles
FSH
13. Increasing levels of FSH cause a new cycle to begin.
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