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  • The  Weaver  SSB  Architecture  

    ES442  –  Lecture  6.5  

    1  

    -‐π/2   Σ-‐π/2  m (t)  

    LPF  

    LPF  

    Audio  Input  

    Audio  Subcarrier  

    LO1   LO2  Carrier  

    SSB  Out  

  • Introduc>on  to  Weaver  Architecture  

    1.  Known  as  the  “third  method”  for  generaEng  SSB  signals    2.  Introduced  in  1956  by  Donald  Weaver  (in  the  Proc.  IRE)  3.  Used  now  mostly  in  digital  communicaEon  systems  4.  Uses  four  mixers  –  greater  complexity  5.  Depends  upon  the  selecEvity  of  the  low-‐pass  filters  

    2  

    D.K.  Weaver,  “A  third  method  of  generaEon  and  detecEon  of  single-‐sideband  signals,”  Proc.  of  IRE,  1956;  pp.  1903-‐5.        M.K.  Parekkat  &  D.D.  Krishna,  “On  the  VisualizaEon  of  the  Weaver’s  “Third  Method”  for  SSB  GeneraEon,”  IETE  J.  of  Educa>on,  Vol.  56,  No.  1,  2015;  pp.  28-‐33.      

    Uses  quadrature  signals  generated  at  fixed  frequencies  rather    than  generaEng  wideband  quadrature  phase  shies  as  used  in    the  phase  shie  method  of  SSB  generaEon.  

  • ( )

    1 2 3

    ( ) is  band-‐limited  to   , where 2 (  Hz)2

    We  define and .    The  LPF    =   B.2

    a b b a

    C dB

    m t B BB B B

    ω ω ω ω ω π

    πω π ω ω π ω π

    ≤ ≤ − =

    = = = ±

    -‐π/2   Σ  

    cos(ω2t)  

    sin(ω2t)  

    +  

    -‐π/2  

    cos(ω1t)  

    sin(ω1t)  

    m (t)  

    m(t)  

    m (t)   ( )SSB fϕ ±

    LPF  

    LPF  

    ±

    B  

    C  

    D   F  

    E   G  

    ω1  =  πB   ω2  =  ωC  ±  πB  B  Hz   H  

    A  

    Weaver  Modulator  for  SSB    

    3  

  • Mixing  Products  

    RF  Signal   LO  Signal   Mixing  Products  as  Output  

    m(t)cos(ωCt)   cos(ωLOt)    

    ½m(t)⋅[ cos(ωCt  -‐ωLot)  +  cos(ωCt  +ωLot)  ]  

    m(t)sin(ωCt)    

    cos(ωLOt)    

    ½m(t)⋅[ sin(ωCt  -‐ωLot)  +  sin(ωCt  +ωLot)  ]    

    m(t)cos(ωCt)    

    sin(ωLOt)    

    ½m(t)⋅[ - sin(ωCt  -‐ωLot)  +  sin(ωCt  +ωLot)  ]    

    m(t)sin(ωCt)    

    sin(ωLOt)    

    ½m(t)⋅[ cos(ωCt  -‐ωLot)  -‐  cos(ωCt  +ωLot)  ]    

    4  

  • The  Mathema>cs  of  the  Weaver  SSB  Generator  

    5  

    1 2 3

    12

    Modulating  signal   ( ) is  band-‐limited  at   Hz ( 2 radians/sec).2Define and .    The  LPF    is   B.2

    At  the  first  mixer  we  have:  

    Upper  branch:    cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos(

    m

    C dB

    m m m

    m t B BB B B

    t Bt Bt t Bt t

    ω π

    πω π ω ω π ω π

    ω π π ω π ω

    =

    = = = ±

    ⋅ = − + +[ ][ ]

    [ ][ ]

    12

    1212

    )

    Lower  branch:    cos( ) sin( ) sin( ) sin( )

    Performing  the  low-‐pass  filter  operation:

    LPF  upper  branch  gives     cos( ) , and

    LPF  lower  branch  gives:     sin( )

    Next  we  pass  the  

    m m m

    m

    m

    t Bt Bt t Bt t

    Bt t

    Bt t

    ω π π ω π ω

    π ω

    π ω

    ⋅ = − + +

    [ ] [ ]

    [ ]

    2

    2 2

    2

    2 2

    12

    1 14 4

    12

    1 14 4

    filtered  signals  to  the  second  mixer  in  each  branch.

    Upper  branch:   cos( ) cos( )

    cos( ( ) ) cos( ( ) ) , and

    Lower  branch:   sin( ) sin( )

    cos( ( ) ) cos( (

    m

    m m

    m

    m

    Bt t t

    B t B t

    Bt t t

    B t B

    π ω ω

    ω π ω ω π ω

    π ω ω

    ω π ω ω π

    − ⋅ =

    + − + − −

    − ⋅ =

    + − − −[ ]) )Adding  both  mixer  outputs  gives  USSB,  while  subtracting  gives  LSSB.

    m tω−

  • 6  

    Real  

    A

    Real  

    B

    Real  

    D

    Real  

    F

    2πB  

    -‐2πB  

    πB  

    -‐πB  

    πB  

    -‐πB  

    3πB  

    -‐3πB  -‐ωC  

    -‐(ωC+πB)  

    ωC  (ωC+πB)  

    cos[(ωC±πB)t]  cos(πBt)  

    sin(πBt)  

    LPF  

    LPF  

    ±

    B

    C  

    D   F  

    E   G  

    A H  

    sin[(ω2±πB)t]  

    ω3dB  =  πB  

    ω3dB  =  πB  

    Envisioning  the  Opera>on  of  the  Weaver    SSB  Generator  –  I    

  • 7  

    Envisioning  the  Opera>on  of  the  Weaver    SSB  Generator  –  II    

    Real  

    A

    Real  

    C

    Real  

    E

    Real  

    G

    2πB  

    -‐2πB  

    πB  -‐πB  

    πB  -‐πB  

    3πB  

    -‐3πB  

    -‐ω2  

    -‐(ω2+πB)  

    ω2  

    (ω2+πB)  

    cos[(ωC±πB)t]  cos(πBt)  

    sin(πBt)  

    LPF  

    LPF  

    ±

    B

    C  

    D   F  

    E   G  

    A H  

    sin[(ω2±πB)t]  

    ω3dB  =  πB  

    ω3dB  =  πB  

  • 8  

    Envisioning  the  Opera>on  of  the  Weaver    SSB  Generator  –  III    

    Real  

    G

    H  =  F  +  G  

    Real  

    Real  

    F

    H  =  F  -‐  G  

    Real  

    -‐ω2  

    -‐(ω2+πB)  

    ω2  (ω2+πB)  

    -‐ω2  

    -‐(ω2+πB)  

    ω2  

    (ω2+πB)  

    -‐ω2  

    -‐(ω2+πB)  

    ω2  (ω2+πB)  

    -‐ω2  

    -‐(ω2+πB)  

    ω2  (ω2+πB)  

    cos[(ωC±πB)t]  cos(πBt)  

    sin(πBt)  

    LPF  

    LPF  

    ±

    B

    C  

    D   F  

    E   G  

    A H  

    sin[(ω2±πB)t]  

    ω3dB  =  πB  

    ω3dB  =  πB  

  • 9  

    ( )

    1 2 3

    ( ) is  band-‐limited  to   , where 2 (  Hz)2

    We  define and .    The  LPF    =   B.2

    a b b a

    C dB

    m t B BB B B

    ω ω ω ω ω π

    πω π ω ω π ω π

    ≤ ≤ − =

    = = = ±

    -‐π/2   Σ  

    cos(ω1t)  

    sin(ω1t)  

    +  

    -‐π/2  

    cos(ω2t)  

    sin(ω2t)  

    m (t)  ( )SSB fϕ ±

    LPF  

    LPF  

    ±

    B  

    C  

    D   F  

    E   G  

    B  Hz  ω2  =  ωC  ±  πB   ω1  =  πB  

    H  

    A  

    Weaver  SSB  Demodulator  (Receiver)  

  • 10  

    ( ) ( )( ) ( ) cos ( ) sin , where( ) ( ) cos( ( ))( ) ( ) sin( ( ))

    I C Q C

    I

    Q

    m t m t t m t tm t m t tm t m t t

    ω ω

    φ

    φ

    = ⋅ − ⋅

    = ⋅

    = ⋅

    Inphase

    Quadrature

    Phasor  of  m(t)  

    mI(t)  

    mQ(t)  

    ( )tφ

    Expressing  Signals  in  I-‐Q  Format  

  • 11  

    Genera>ng  Quadrature  Signals  

    -‐π/2  m(t)  

    cos(ωct)  

    sin(ωct)  

    mI (t)  

    mQ(t)  

    LPF  

    LPF  

    Oscillator  Input  

    GeneraEng  mI (t)  and  mQ(t)  quadrature  signals  

    I-‐Q  Modulator  

  • 12  

    Quadrature  Signal  Demodula>on  

    -‐π/2  

    g(t)  Σ  

    cos(ωct)  

    sin(ωct)  

    mI (t)  

    mQ(t)  

    +  

    Oscillator  

  • 13  

    Quadrature  Amplitude  Modula>on  (QAM)  

    16-‐QAM  

  • 14  

    Transceiver  Block  Diagram  (LTE  Handset  Radio)  

    Filter  

    TX

    RX

    DSP  PR

    OCE

    SSOR

    Filter  

    Filter  

    PLL TCXO

    Frequency    Synthesizer

    Mixer  

    Mixer  

    Filter  

    Σ 0  -‐90

    0  -‐90

    Filter  

    Q

    Q

    I

    I

    LO  DistribuEon  Amplifiers

    LNA

    Power  Amplifier

    Filter  

    Filter  

    Switch  (Duplexer)  

    A/D  

    A/D  

    D/A  

    D/A  

    Antenna  

  • 15  

    Op>onal  Slides  

  • 16  

    Ways  to  Construct  a  Balun  (Balanced-‐to-‐Unbalanced)  

    A B

    C

    D G

    G

    DifferenEal  Output  

    A

    B

    C

    D

    GG

    A B

    C GG

    D

    Center-‐Tapped  Transformer  

    Trifilar-‐Wound  Toroid  Flat  layout  Interwound