2 -

, , -, , / . , , , .

: , . : Hoek et al. (1995); Stillborg (1994).

1 . , 22-30mm. () , (DMFC), . Lang (1961) , , 1, .

1. Lang (1961) (Rebar)

(Threadbar). . , (DFC) (DMC).

2

2 / /

2

(=mEchanically anchored Bolt) ( 2) (DFC), 1501-12-03-03-01. , , . , . , , . , ( 3, ). , 1625mm , (fy: ~360670MPa) , . , , . 100mm , . 2 , , .

. , . , . , . , .

2.

Pb

n, Ft , q , , - tan(b+ib).

= tan( + ) ( 1)

, 16, 100kN

110kN, 3

3

2 / /

500mm2, 35 30MPa, - b16 ib29 , :

Pb=31.003050010-3=45kN

4

2 / /

, .

( 4). , .

: : 2021.7mm 4451mm 100mm

200300Nm

4. CT (http://www.dywidag.co.uk/) 3 (RB=Resin

rock Bolt) ( 5, ) (DMC), 1501-12-03-03-02. , , (.. , ..) ( 3, ), , . . , . - . .

: () 28.5%, () ( ) 66%, () 0.5%, () . , . . 30 120cm 2.5 3.5cm. , ,

5

2 / /

. , . . , . , , , . , : 112MPa, 63MPa, 52.5MPa. lb dh Tf , ult -, :

= ( 2) fs , 23.

.

. . , , . , . , , , , .

, . - , , , . , , , .

. , , , . . , . , .

, , . , , , . , . , , , . , , . , , . , .

6

2 / /

5.

4 ( 6), 1501-12-03-04-00, , , . , , , .

4.1 (PSA=Prestressed Soil

Anchors) , . 2 3 m. . , , ( ), ( ) . , , . / . / . .

4.2 (PRA=Prestressed Rock

Anchors) .

7

2 / /

6. ( ) 5 , , 5.1 . . . , 150250mm 7.512mm.

. , , . , . . , 2/3 (, ) . .

5.2 ( 7) ( 8). , i , . d, . , :

8

2 / /

7.

8. .

= 1; = 2 tan ; = 2 tan; = 2 tan ( 3)

, WM, Wel, Wft, Wfp, , , , , , tan . . :

= + + ( 4)

:

= 2 (tan + 2 tan) = = 2 ( + 2 ) ( 5) , Cb [ft-1] 50

5/8 in 40 3/4 in (Peng, 1978, section 6.2.2), :

= 2 + 2 5012 58 4012 34 2.5 ( 6) 135 340

Nm. Stillborg (1994, p.20), : max = 2 + 4.5;2 4.5

, Nby: , Nay: .

, 40kN. 20mm 20. ( 5) ( 6):

= 2 (tan + 2 tan) = 40000 0.0202 (tan 2.5 + 2 tan 20) = 309 = = 40000 0.0202.5 = 320

9

2 / /

. Cb , USBR 6584 ISRM (1974, suggested method of determining rockbolt tension using a torque wrench), 9. . . , , . Cb .

9. Cb (USBR 6584) 5.3 , . . , , , , , . , Qt Qe Qr . , .

10

2 / /

10. .

- (Brady & Brown, 2007), 10. , Tbf Qt () . - , lb, db, Eb (~207GPa). Qe . Ti, , ui-uebi, . Qe Qr :

= = 2 12 1 = = 2 12 1 = 4 2 = (2 2) (1 1)2 1 =

( 7)

1 , .

1. ( Hoek & Brown, 1980)

db [mm]

lb [m]

Tbf

[kN]

Qr

[mm/MN] 16.0 1.22 / 9 160

11

2 / /

16.0 1.83 / 8 241 19.0 1.22 / 1 126 22.0 3.00 / 14 32 22.0 3.00 / 8 126 25.4 1.83 / 54 143 25.4 1.93 85 18

scsl Tb, psb psbf , :

= ; = ( 8) R,

i (=u) , Hooke:

1

=

=

=

= 4 2 + ( 9)

1/kb . 5.4

11 . Pells (2008): () R1 () R2 () R3 () R4 () R5 R1 R5 . , . S, S2, c n, :

= 1 + 52

; = 2 + 3 + 42 , sj :

= + + (0 + ) tan

, cj , j , n0 , c , n .

12

2 / /

R2 R5 . 5.4.1 (Dight, 1982). :

( < 1.5mm) . ( ) .

11. (Dight, 1982) , , Ladanyi (1976), Dight (1982) R1. , , , Carter (2003), :

1 = 24 1.7 1 2 = ( + 2) 2 ; = 2 sin1 + sin ; = 1 2 ln 20 + 20 2(0 ) y, Ty : c :

13

2 / /

t : : , E : P0 : : T :

, R1 , .

5.4.2 Pst, , , :

2 = sin 1 2 R2 R3 R4, .

5.4.3 ( 11), :

3 = 2 4 tan 2 sin3 : i :

5.4.4 :

4 = 2tan + sin2 cos 1 = tan1 2 tan2 + tan

5.4.5 :

5 = cos 1 2 , . 12 . 2mm , . , , .

, . , . ,

14

2 / /

, , .

12. , , (Pells, 2008) 6 - , : () . . . () . . . () . . .

7 1. , , 4 12m. : . db=16mm, sc=sl=2.5m, Tbf=110kN, . , db=19mm, sc=sl=2.0m, Tbf=180kN, . , db=25mm, sc=sl=1.5m, Tbf=267kN, . , db=34mm, sc=sl=1.0m, Tbf=345kN.

15

2 / /

2. . . 16mm. ; Q Tbf.

3. , Pb . , . , W. , ( ). (. ). , Pb, , , W, .

.

.

16

2 / /

.

. ,

4. W . T , , , c , -. .

5 . .

i)

. .

ii) W = 1000 kN, = 15, = 42 = 36, , , ;

17

2 / /

iii) () 25 kN , 25 kN , . , 1;

iv) , , . , () ; T ;

v) 3 . ;

8 Brady BHG and Brown ET (2007). Rock Mechanics for underground mining, Third

edition, Springer.

Carter J (2003). Pells analysis of the shear behaviour of a reinforced rock joint, Report by Advanced Geomechanics, November.

Charette F (2012). Applicability of D-Bolt in high stress conditions, www.dynamicrocksupport.com.

Dight PM (1982). Improvements in the stability of rock walls in open pit mines, PhD Thesis, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Douglas Th and Arthur LJ (1983). A guide to the use of rock reinforcement in underground excavations; CIRIA, Report 101, London.

Hoek E and Brown ET (1980). Underground Excavations in Rock, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London.

Hoek E, Kaiser PK, & Bawden WF (1995). Support of underground excavations in hard rock, Balkema, chs. 12 & 13.

Ladanyi B (1976). Quasi-static expansion of a cylindrical cavity in rock, In Engrg. Appl. of Solid Mechanics (B. Tabarrok, ed.), University of Toronto, 2, 219-240.

Lang TA (1961). Theory and practice of rockbolting, Trans. Soc. Min. Engrs, AIME 220: 333-348.

. (1989).

(1985).

Peng Syd S (1978). Coal Mine Ground Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.

Stillborg B (1994). Professional users handbook for rock bolting, Trans Tech Publications.

Windsor CR (1997). Rock reinforcement systems, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 34: 919-951.

2 - 1 2 (=mEchanically anchored Bolt)3 (RB=Resin rock Bolt)4 4.1 (PSA=Prestressed Soil Anchors)4.2 (PRA=Prestressed Rock Anchors)

5 , , 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5

6 7 8