7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
1/47
::&&
1
2009 2010
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
2/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
3/47
2 47
1
,
18. .
, .
, ,
..
.
(1.1)
. .
.
(1.2)
20
.
, , , (1.3)
30 .
,
,
(1.4)
2
.
19
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
4/47
3 47
( 1
).
,
,
(2.1).
1945 1965, 1
1948,
.
. 1
1960, , .
,
.
.
()
()
()
()
(2.2)
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
5/47
4 47
:
1) 1
2)
.
1=>
2.
18, , .
,
. .
2=> 19,
.
().
.
1=
2
= ,
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
6/47
5 47
3=>
,
.
,
,
,
.
4=> 30,
()
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
7/47
6 47
1.1
,
1.1.1
() . 17
.
.
+
( ) => ,
,
.
,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
8/47
7 47
1.1.2
,
, ::
:
:
, .
.
,
().
14 ,
.
,
, ,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
9/47
8 47
,
. ,
, (. 1)
. :
1)
2) ,
.
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
10/47
9 47
1.1.3
.
.
,
.
.
, 14
. ,
.
17. ,
, .
,
.
=> , .
1.1.4
.
,
( ),
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
11/47
10 47
.
.
,
,
,
.
(
)
. ,
, .
2. ,
, 1756 (), )
7,5 ,
, , ,
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
,
15 16.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
12/47
11 47
, ,
. ,
, ,
1.1.5
, ,
.
(1660-1729),
.
.
(M. von Schulenburg 1719)
, ( ) .
, .
. ,
.
3
.
18 ,
19 ,
.
3=
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
13/47
12 47
19 ( ),
.
.
1.1.6
, ,
. 3,
,
,
. ,
,
4.
:
.
,
,
(.4)
(), . 4, 4, 4
.
4=
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
14/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
15/47
14 47
, . 4 .
,
.
,
18 .
:
,
, ,
.
.
,
.
4,
.
,
, ,
.
. (internet)
.
.
(Libro d Oro,
),
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
16/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
17/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
18/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
19/47
18 47
.
.
.
,
, , ,
..
19
, ,
.
,
.
.
-
.
.
1.2.2
1808.
19 .
.
.
. .
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
20/47
19 47
, 19,
,
. ,
.
, .
19,
,
.
1.2.3
,
,
,
, .
, ,
(
).
.
,
,
.
, .
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
21/47
20 47
1.2.4
,
, 6.
,
, .
.
,
, .
, .
, 1839 ,
. 1852
.
7,
.
(.7),
,
(,
8 )
.
6= ,
7= 8= ,
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
22/47
21 47
,
, 1836 1839.
(.8),
.
. :
.
.
, 1836,
, , .
,
, .
.
.
.
,
, .
,
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
23/47
22 47
,
, (, 1976, . 30),
,
. .
, , ,
? . , , ,
.
. , . ,
.
,
- ,
.
:
,
. (7
. 34 )
. : ,
.
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
24/47
23 47
1.2.5
. .
(.9),
, .
, .
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
25/47
24 47
1.2.6
.
910.
,
, ,
.
,
19
(.10).
,
,
(
, 1995,
,
).
.
9=
10= , 19.
, . . ~ , . ~ , ~ ~ . , , . , ~ ,
. ' (,., . 273).
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
26/47
25 47
Edward Said, ,
, .
.
1.2.7
.
,
.
.
.
.
30,
,
.
,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
27/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
28/47
27 47
20
.
:
1) (
, .
)
2) (
)
.
, ,
, .
.
,
(
)
: .
. :
1)
()
2)
()
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
29/47
28 47
19 20
.
:
- 1897
-
-
-
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
, 1917 /
, . .
.
( )
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
30/47
29 47
.
,
,
.
, ,
, , .
, (. 11),
19
.
, , 1895,
, ,
,
,
,
-. ,
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
20, .
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
31/47
30 47
, , ,
19.
,
, .
:
(
).
. ,
.
1.3.2 &
,
.
,
.
.
1901 1908, 12.
12= , , 1905,
. . les fauves, , . ,
, , (,., . 308).
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
32/47
31 47
(. 10) (12)
.
.
.
13.
. 12 , ,
. : , .
13=
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
33/47
32 47
.
1.3.3 &
..., 1923 .
.
1906-1911, ,
(1 , .
),
1905-1913,
1912
1 (,
.
), .
:
.
(
plain air
, 19).
. 13
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
34/47
33 47
.
1.3.4 &
.
.
.
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
35/47
34 47
/ ,, 1924, , .
,
,
(
),
.
,
, .
,.
, ,
,
. , ,
.
, , ,,
, .
, , , 1910,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
36/47
35 47
...,
( . )
,
.
.
, 1919
30 , . , 1929
...
, .
, 30,
19, , , ,
.. : , , , ,
..
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
37/47
36 47
1.3.5
(1889-1974), :
.
30,
(. 16)
, ,
,
, (. 17)
:
.
(
),
,
.
. ,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
38/47
37 47
(1858-1959), :
.
. 1906-1928.
1934,
.
.
.
,
.
,
50 (. 6 / .
2)
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
39/47
38 47
1.4 30
30
1.4.1
.
,
.
,
,
(1897).
, , ,
.
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
40/47
39 47
1.4.2 30
30 ,
1930, .
. ,
, ,
.
1.4.3
.
30
.
,
.
, ,
, . 30
( )
. , ,
, ,
, ,
. .
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
41/47
40 47
.
,
. ,
,
, , .
,
20.
,. .
,
30.
,
,
.
1.4.4
() . .
.
. ,
.
... , ,
...
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
42/47
41 47
.
30.
.
1.4.5
. ,
, .
.
.
(. 19),
, ,
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
43/47
42 47
, .
, , ,
.
. ,
,
.
. ,
.
.
30, ,
.
.
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
44/47
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
45/47
44 47
.
,
, (.
)
.
1.4.7
. .
,
, (
1.4.6),
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
.. (. 21).
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
46/47
45 47
, 1935,
, 1938,
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
7/22/2019 28612623 1 12
47/47