Table S1: Summary of the experimental studies on the deformation capacity of unreinforced masonry walls

No. Lab.1 Specimen Unit Size [mm]

Void Area [%] fb

[MPa]

fm

[MPa]

fx

[MPa]

lw

[mm]

hw

[mm]

tw

[mm]

Head

Joints σ0

[MPa] B.C.2 F.M.3 Vmax

[kN]

Keff

[kN/mm]

δu/hw

[%]

Vu

[kN] Reference

1

ZAG

BNL1

245X298X237

50%

10.0 5.0 4.1 1028 1510 300 F 0.60 C F 55.0 57.5 > 1.71 8 52.1

Bosiljkov et al.

(2004)

2 BNL2 10.0 5.0 4.1 1030 1510 300 F 1.19 C F 98.8 43.0 0.66 90.9

3 BNL3 10.0 5.0 4.1 1033 1515 300 F 0.60 C H 56.2 49.7 1.31 52.7

4 BNL4 10.0 5.0 4.1 1025 1514 300 F 1.19 C F 112.0 51.2 0.85 100.8

5 BNL5 10.0 5.0 4.1 1027 1511 300 F 1.19 C H 109.4 39.1 0.83 100.5

6 BNL6 10.0 5.0 4.1 1026 1508 300 F 0.60 C F 65.9 33.7 2.32 60.9

7 BNW1

244X297X236

51%

11.5 5.5 4.1 2567 1750 297 F 0.59 C H 285.1 210.9 1.37 258.3

Bosiljkov et al. (2006)

8 BNW2 11.5 5.5 4.1 2572 1753 297 F 1.19 C S 467.9 280.1 0.57 441.9

9 BNW3 11.5 5.5 4.1 2584 1751 297 F 0.89 C S 384.9 168.2 0.77 353.5

10 BSW 288X172X188

41% 27.3 11.3 9.4 2712 1820 172 F 2.07 C S 417.4 153.5 0.33 391.0

11

UPV

CL04

250X300X190

45%

15.1 7.4 9.5 2500 2600 300 F 0.68 7 F S 316.0 111.0 0.34 288.6

Magenes et al.

(2008) 12 CL05 15.1 7.4 9.5 2500 2600 300 F 0.68 F S 343.0 114.4 0.25 327.3

13 CL06 15.1 7.4 9.5 1250 2600 300 F 0.50 F F 84.5 38.1 > 1.95 8 79.3

14

ZAG

BPL1

245x299x236

52%

11.9 5.3 6.3 985 1508 300 MP 1.19 C F 106.3 36.0 0.66 97.7

Bosiljkov et al.

(2004) 15 BPL2 11.9 5.3 6.3 985 1509 300 MP 1.19 C F 110.3 32.8 0.78 98.9

16 BPL3 11.9 5.3 6.3 986 1507 300 MP 1.19 C F 111.0 32.1 0.66 101.5

17 BTW 389x245x188

52% 14.2

10.4

Lightweight 3.9 2359 1600 247 MP 0.85 C H 358.9 409.1 0.72 327.3

Bosiljkov et al.

(2006)

18

UPD

15_8

250x300x225

43%

20.0 14.0 5 5.3 992 1170 300 MP 0.89 C F 89.8 21.7 2.91 86.4 Modena et al. (2005) 9

Da Porto et al.

(2009) 9

19 15_9 20.0 14.0 5 5.3 992 1170 300 MP 1.14 C F 136.3 84.4 1.98 128.3

20 15_10 20.0 14.0 5 5.3 992 1170 300 MP 1.46 C F 140.5 45.3 1.37 132.4

21

UTCB

16_1

250x300x238

*%

* * 5.7 2500 1750 300 MP 0.40 F S 220.0 216.5 0.25 189.4

Frumento et al. (2009)

22 16_2 * * 6.0 2500 1750 300 MP 0.60 F S 278.0 221.8 0.14 232.9

23 16_3 * * 6.0 2500 1750 300 MP 0.60 F S 298.0 251.0 0.24 263.5

24 18_1

250x300x238

46%

* 6.6 6.0 2500 1750 300 MP 0.60 F H 260.0 227.5 1.00 238.9

25 18_2 * 6.0 6.0 2500 1750 300 MP 0.60 F H 260.0 169.6 1.00 237.4

26 18_3 * 4.9 6.0 2500 1750 300 MP 0.60 F SL 269.0 163.5 > 2.00 8 257.5

No. Lab.1 Specimen Unit Size [mm]

Void Area [%] fb

[MPa]

fm

[MPa]

fx

[MPa]

lw

[mm]

hw

[mm]

tw

[mm]

Head

Joints σ0

[MPa] B.C.2 F.M.3 Vmax

[kN]

Keff

[kN/mm]

δu/hw

[%]

Vu

[kN] Reference

27

ZAG

BGL1

245x298x237 50%

10.0 6.3 4.3 989 1513 300 U 1.19 C H 101.7 57.4 0.66 95.6

Bosiljkov et al.

(2004)

28 BGL2 10.0 6.3 4.3 987 1511 300 U 1.19 C H 102.9 52.2 0.83 94.6

29 BGL3 10.0 6.3 4.3 988 1507 300 U 1.19 C H 93.8 13.8 0.97 68.7

30 BZL1

243x298x235

48%

15.1 3.3 6.2 988 1510 298 TG 1.19 C F 100.4 43.0 0.40 91.0

31 BZL2 15.1 3.3 6.2 987 1512 298 TG 1.19 C F 103.8 30.0 0.61 95.4

32 BZL3 15.1 3.3 6.2 986 1508 298 TG 1.19 C F 102.4 31.6 0.58 95.2

33 BZW1 244x297x237

48%

12.3 5.3 4.3 2482 1750 296 TG 0.95 C S 352.3 144.3 0.72 328.3 Bosiljkov et al.

(2006) 34 BZW2 12.3

5.3

Lightweight 2.4 2484 1750 296 TG 0.53 C H 243.3 186.0 1.72 227.8

35

UPD

15_5

250x300x225

43%

20.0 14.0 5 5.7 992 1170 300 TG 0.94 C F 114.4 36.0 1.42 109.6 Modena et al.

(2005) 9

Da Porto et al. (2009) 9

36 15_6 20.0 14.0 5 5.7 992 1170 300 TG 1.24 C F 124.7 60.0 1.57 119.3

37 15_7 20.0 14.0 5 5.7 992 1170 300 TG 1.55 C F 152.0 53.7 1.58 144.6

38 UPV

CL07 250x300x190

45%

13.1 10.6 6.6 1250 2600 300 TG 0.50 F S 72.5 19.8 0.22 72.0 Magenes et al.

(2008) 39 CL08 13.1 10.6 6.6 2500 2600 300 TG 0.68 F S 267.7 72.0 0.40 262.0

40

UNIK

No.1

363x175x238

*%

* *

M5 6 * 2200 2500 175 TG 1.00 F S 160.0 73.2 > 0.11 8 139.0

Fehling et al.

(2007)

41 No.3 * *

M5 6 * 2200 2500 175 TG 1.00 F S 118.0 43.0 0.22 107.5

42 No.6 * *

M5 6 * 2200 2500 175 TG 1.00 F S 149.0 26.7 0.28 115.0

43 No.8 * *

M5 6 * 1100 2500 175 TG 1.00 F S 56.0 11.8 0.43 46.0

44 No.11 * *

M5 6 * 2200 2500 175 TG 1.00 F S 162.0 40.0 > 0.28 8 144.0

45

UPV 4

MI1m

250x120x55 Solid Brick

19.7 4.3

Lime 7.9 1500 2000 380 F 1.20 F S 259.0 * 0.38 *

Magenes and Calvi

(1992) Magenes and Calvi

(1997)

46 MI1 19.7 4.3

Lime 7.9 1500 2000 380 F 1.20 F S 259.0 * 0.35 *

47 MI2 19.7 4.3

Lime 7.9 1500 2000 380 F 0.40 F S 227.0 * 0.40 *

48 MI3 19.7 4.3

Lime 7.9 1500 3000 380 F 1.20 F H 185.0 * 0.40 *

49 MI4 19.7 4.3

Lime 7.9 1500 3000 380 F 0.40 F H 153.0 * 0.37 *

No. Lab.1 Specimen Unit Size [mm]

Void Area [%] fb

[MPa]

fm

[MPa]

fx

[MPa]

lw

[mm]

hw

[mm]

tw

[mm]

Head

Joints σ0

[MPa] B.C.2 F.M.3 Vmax

[kN]

Keff

[kN/mm]

δu/hw

[%]

Vu

[kN] Reference

50

ISP 4

ISP1

250x120x55

Solid Brick

26.9 3.3

Lime 6.2 1000 1350 250 F 0.60 F S 84.0 * 0.31 *

Anthoine et al.

(1994)

Magenes and Calvi (1997)

51 ISP2 26.9 3.3

Lime 6.2 1000 2000 250 F 0.60 F F 72.0 * > 0.60 8 *

52 ISP3 26.9 3.3

Lime 6.2 1000 2000 250 F 0.80 F F 71.0 * 0.75 *

53

UIL 4

W1

198x89x56

Solid Brick

24.0 * 6.3 3658 1626 198 F 0.52 C SL 422.6 * 0.78 *

Abrams and Shah

(1992) 54 W2 24.0 * 6.3 2057 1626 198 F 0.34 C H 195.7 * 0.92 *

55 W3 24.0 * 6.3 1372 1626 198 F 0.34 C F 89.0 * 0.90 *

56

UCB 4

W1

210x105x51

Solid Brick

21.6 *

Lime 13.8 2591 1524 330 F 1.0 C SL 693.9 * > 1.30 8 *

Manzouri et al.

(1995) 57 W2 21.6

*

Lime 15.2 2591 1524 330 F 0.4 C S 324.7 * 0.75 *

58 W3 21.6 *

Lime 17.9 2591 1524 330 F 0.6 C S 364.8 * 0.75 *

59

ZAG

CM01

250x120x65

Solid Brick

17.4 13.9

Cement 15.0 950 1400 120 F 2.50 C H 95.5 * 0.57 *

Bosiljkov et al. (2003)

60 CM02 17.4 13.9

Cement 15.0 950 1400 120 F 2.50 C H 97.8 * 1.11 *

61 CLM01 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 2.09 C H 76.1 * 1.18 *

62 CLM02 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 2.09 C H 72.2 * 0.68 *

63 CLM03 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 2.09 C H 66.4 * 0.73 *

64 LM01 17.4 1.1

Lime 6.9 950 1400 120 F 1.16 C H 43.8 * 0.93 *

65 LM02 17.4 1.1

Lime 6.9 950 1400 120 F 1.16 C H 49.4 * 0.72 *

66 LM03 17.4 1.1

Lime 6.9 950 1400 120 F 1.16 C H 40.7 * 1.03 *

67 CLM04 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 0.69 C SL 27.0 * > 1.80 8 *

68 CLM05 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 1.00 C F 49.9 * 1.76 *

69 CLM06 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 1.50 C F 70.6 * > 2.46 8 *

70 CLM07 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 4.00 C S 114.8 * > 0.45 8 *

71 CLM08 17.4 9.5 12.5 950 1400 120 F 4.00 C S 116.7 * > 0.55 8 *

* Data is not available.

1- ZAG: ZAG, Ljubljana, Slovenia; UPV: University of Pavia and EUCENTRE, Italy; UPD: University of Padua, Italy; UTCB: Technical University of Civil Engineering

Bucharest, Romania; UNIK: University of Kassel, Germany; ISP: Joint Research Centre of the European Community, Ispra, Italy; UIL: University of Illinois at Urbana-

Champaign; UCB: University of Colorado at Boulder

2- Boundary Conditions: C stands for cantilever and F stands for fixed ends.

3- Failure Mechanism: S, SL, F, H stand for shear-dominated, sliding, flexure-dominated and hybrid failure mechanisms, respectively.

4- The test walls were intended to represent old masonry structures.

5- Hydraulic premixed lime mortar

6- According to CEN-EN 998-2 (2003)

7- The vertical stress was incremented from 0.5 to 0.68 MPa after 7 cycles because of significant sliding between the steel beam at the top and the wall itself.

8- The tests were stopped before reaching the ultimate deformation capacity of the specimens.

9- The parameters of the bilinear envelopes have been taken from Frumento et al. (2009).