Syllabus for admission test of M.Sc in Bichemistry 2013 for the 40% seat General Chemistry 1Atomic structure : Bohr’s atomic model and its limitations. Idea of de Broglie matter waves, Heisen berg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation, significance of wave function, quantum numbers, shape of atomic orbitals. Multi electron system : Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum spin multiplicity, stability of half filled and f ully filled orbitals, aufbau principle and its limitations, electronic configurations of atoms. 2. Periodic properties : Atomic and ionic radii, covalent radii, different electro -negativity scales, ionization energy and their periodic trends. 3. The nature of chemical bond : Ionic bonding : Size effects, radius ratio rules and their limitations, packing of ions in crystals, hc p and ccp arrangements, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power, polarizability, Fajan’s rule. Covalent bonding : Directional characteristics of covalent bond, hybridization and shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions, valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) Theory. Molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules : LCAO approximation , bonding, antibonding and nonbonding orbitals, MO configurations of simple homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules, bond properties, bond order and bond strength, resonance and resonance energy, polarity of covalent bonds. Bonding in metals : qualitative idea of free electron and bond theories, conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Hybridisation of C,N,O, formation of σ and π bonds, bond distance, bond angle, bond energy, bond polarity, bond polarisability, steric effect, inductive and field effects, resonance, dipole moment, orbital pictures of ethylene and acetylene. Hydrogen bond, dipolar interaction, vander Waals force, physical properties (m.p., b. p., solubility) related to structure. 4. Principles of chemical analyses : i) Qualitative inorganic analyses : Principles and reactions involved in the group separation and identification of cations and anions in the qualitative inorganic analysis. ii) Volumetric analysis: Primary and secondary standard substances/(solutions), principle of acid-base, oxidation reduction and complexo metric titrations, determination of hardness of water; accuracy and precision in quantitative analysis, errors, standard deviation. iii) Theory of acids and bases, strength of acids and bases, P H, hydrolysis of salts, buffer, calculation of PH, solubility and solubility product, common ion effect. Organic 1. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives Isomerism , synthesis, chemical reactivity of alkanes, mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes, sulphonation of alkanes, general method of synthesis of alkenes, chemical reactivity, hydrogenation, electrophilic addition reactions and their mechanism, halogenation, hydrohal ogenation, hydration, Markownikoff’s rule, peroxide effect, epoxidation, hydroxylation, ozonolysis, polymerization (only information – no details of reaction mechanism are required). Introduction to general methods of alkyne synthesis, acidity of alkynes, hydration, substitution reaction, polymerization; synthesis and reactivity of alkadiene and alkyl halides. 2. Alcohols and ethers : Methods of synthesis, physical properties, distinction of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, chemical reactivity, ethers - methods of synthesis, Williamson’s ether synthesis, chemical reactivity. 3. Aldehydes and Ketones : Methods of synthesis of aldehydes and ketones, chemical reactivity of carbonyl group, Cannizzaro reaction and aldol condensation , relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones, Perkin reaction, Knoevenagel reaction, benzoin condensation , Claisen condensation. 4. Organic compoundscontainingnitrogen : Aromatic nitro compounds – their synthesis, reduction under different conditions; methods of syntheses of aliphatic amines, Hinsberg’s method of separation, Hofmann degradation, Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis, distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines; methods of synthesis of aromatic amines, comparison of basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines; diazotisation and its mechanism,

synthetic appl ications of aromatic diazonium salts. 5. Carbohydrates : Introduction, occurrence, classification, constitution of glucose, osazone formation, reactions of glucose and fructose , muta rotation, cyclic structure -pyranose and furanose forms , epimerisation, chain lengthening and chain shortening in aldoses. 4. Stereo chemistry of organic compounds : Different types of isomerism, geometrical and optical isomerism, optical activity, asymmetric carbon atom, elements of symmetry and chirality, enantiomers and disastereo-isomers, E & Z system of nomenclature, D and L nomenclature, R and S system, inversion and racemisation , Fischer, New man and Sawhorse projection formulae of simple molecules containing one and two (similar and dissimilar) asymmetric carbon atom. Stereochemistry of cyclohexane derivatives (simple idea upto disubstitute ). 5. Mechanism of organic reactions : SN1 and SN2 reactions; E1 and E2 reactions; aromatic electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution. 6. Benzene and its derivatives : Isomerism of aromatic compounds, their nomenclature , structure of benzene, stability of benzene ring, Huckel’s rule of aromaticity and its simple demonstration ; aryl halides. 7. Phenols : Synthesis, physical properties, acidic character of phenols, chemical reactions - Reimer – Tiemann reactions,Fries rearrangement, Kolbe reaction, Claisen rearrangement, cresols, nitro and amino phenols, polyhydroxy pheno ls. Physical 1. Kinetic theory of gases : Distribution of molecular velocities, root mean square speed, el ementary kinetic molecular theory of ideal gases , deduction of kinetic gas equation – p= ⅓mnċ2, deduction of gas laws. 2. Real gases : Deviation from ideal behavior, vander Waals equation, Andrew’s experiments, critical phenomena in the light of Van der walls equation of state, continuity of state. 3. First and second laws of thermodynamics : Cyclic process, reversible and irreversible process, internal energy, enthalpy, work done in isotherma l and adiabatic process, heat capacity, Cp-Cv = R for an ideal gas. Carnot cycle, elementary treatment of entropy, free energy, work function and criterion of equilibrium, Gibbs - Helmholtz equation, Clausius- Clapeyron equation and its applications. 4. Principles of thermo chemistry : Exothermic and endothermic reactions, Hess Law, heat of formation, heat of combustion , heat of neutralization, bond energy, bomb calorimeter, thermo chemical calculations. 5. Dilute solution : Raoult’s law, ideal solution, non ideal solutions, qualitative treatment of colligative properties : relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boilting point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure - its application in finding molecular weights, vant Hoff factor, plasmolysis, haemolysis, isotonic solution, normal saline, role of osmosis in living organism. Definition, determination by Ostwald viscometer, variation with temperature for liquids and gases. 9. Surface tension : Definition,determination by stalagmometer, variation with concentratio n and temperature. 10. Electrolytic conductance : Specific , equivalent and molar conductance’s, their variation with concentration in case of strong and weak electrolytes, measurement of conductance, Kohlra ush law of independent migration of ions, ionic mobility and conductance, transference number, conducto metric titrations. 11. EMF : Electrochemical cells, half cell, electrode potential , standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, redox potential, reference electrode, standard cell, measurement of emf. determination of pH, potentiometric titration, storage battery, corrosion. 12. Ionic equilibria : Strong and weak electrolytes, degr ee of dissociation, Ostwald dilution law, ionization of water, acid -base indicator, choice of indicator, colorimetric determination of pH, elementary idea of activity and activity coefficient of electrolytes, i onic strength,

buffer action of blood. 13. Chemical kinetics : 5 L Rate, order and molecularity of reaction, rate constants of first and second order reaction, half-life period, influence of temperature on reactio n rate, activation energy, determination of order of reaction. Inorganic 1. Coordination compounds: Double and complex salts, Werner’s theory of coordination compounds, chelates, polydentate ligands including naturally occurring ones, electronic interpretation of complex formation, stepwise and overall stability constants (elementary ideas), geometrical, linkage and optical isomerism, nomenclature of coordination compounds (mononuclear only) 2. Chemistry of elements : a) Trends in electronic configuration, oxidation states, properties of i) alkali metals, ii) alkaline earth metals, iii) coinage metals. b) Extraction, purification, uses and principal compounds of Cr, Ni, Ag, Au c) Preparation, properties and uses of the following : i) diborane, borohydrides, boron nitride ii) silicones , silicates, freons, fluorocarbons iii) hydrazine, hydroxylamine iv) peracids and persalts of sulphur v) interhalogens, pseudo halogens, basic properties of iodine vi) compounds of xenon (details of bonding excluded) 3. Radiochemistry : Uses of radio-isotopes in i) agriculture, ii) medicine and iii) chemical analysis; radiocarbon dating , fission and fusion reactions -nuclear energy, hazards of radioactivity. Principles of biological chemistry 1. Amino acids and proteins : Methods of synthesis of α-amino acids, physical properties, zwitter ionic structure, isoelectric point, peptide synthesis (elementary ideas), familiarity with different types of structure of proteins. 2. Nucleosides and nucleotides : Different nucleo bases : adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine; structure and function of nucleosides and nucleotides, DNA and RNA (preliminary idea) 3. Bio- inorganic chemistry Role of the metal ions (major trace and ultra t race) in biological system, metal ion transport across biological membrane Na + / K+ pump, coordination chemistry of chlorophyll and hemoglobin and their function in living system. Toxic metal ions and their effects, chelation the rapy, ( examples only ), platinum and gold complexes as drugs ( examples only ), metal dependent diseases. Organo mercury and lead compounds and their effects arsenic poisoning - detection and remedies 4. Surface chemistry Adsorption, adsorption isotherm, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, electro kinetic phenomena, electrical double layers, zeta potential, electrophoresis. 5. Colloids and Macromolecules : Types of colloids, isoelectric point , coagulation, peptization,emulsions and gels, thixotropy, micelle, cmc, average molecular mass . Application oriented chemistry : 1. Industrially important compounds : i) Preparation and uses of aspirin, paracetamol, phenobarbital, ii) Fats and oils : natural fat, edible and inedible oil of vegetable origin, common fatty acids, glycerides, hydrogenation of unsaturated oil; detergents, product ion of toilet and washing soaps, detergent powder, liquid soap. iii) Pesticides : DDT, gamaxene, aldrin, methion, decamithrin. iv) Cosmetics and perfumes : hair spray, hair dyes, creams, lipsticks, talcum powder, face powder , tooth powder, tooth paste, shampoos, β -phenyl ethyl alchol, jasmine, cevetone, geraniol. v) Food additives : food-flavor , food-colour, food preservatives and arti ficial sweeteners – uses and abuses of these substances in food and beverages. vi) Polymers : nylon 66, polyester, synthetic rubber. vii) Catalysis : criterion of catalysis, mechanism of catalytic action, enzyme catalysis , industrial catalysts. viii) Phase rule : Phase rule (deduction excluded), phase diagram of H 2O, S, Nernst distribution law, steam distillation.

Syllabus for admission test of M.Sc in Biophysics 2013 for the 40% seat

1. Units and Dimensions : Different systems of units; dimensions of phys ical quantities – fundamental and derived; principle of dimensional homogeneity. 2. Vectors : Definition; addition of vectors; axial and polar vectors; scalar and vector products; triple products of vectors; geometrical interpretation; scalar and vecto r fields; gradient, divergence and curl, line integral, surface integral and volume integral; Gauss’s theorem and Stoke’s theorem (statement and explanation only – no derivation); the Laplacian. 3. Velocity and Acceleration; tangential and normal compo nents; systems moving with uniform velocity and uniform acceleration; addition of velocities; relative velocity 4. Newton’s laws of motion; inertial frames; principle of conservation of linear momentum; time integral of force – impulse; path integral of force – work; conservative and non-conservative systems; potential and kinetic energies; principle of conservation of energy; elastic and inelastic collisions; system with variable mass; dissipative forces – friction. 5. Rotational Motion : Angular ve locity and angular acceleration; uniform motion along a circular path – centripetal acceleration; torque and angular momentum – equation of motion; conservation of angular momentum. 6. Rigid Body : Definition; types of motion – translational and rotational; translational motion in terms of centre of mass, linear momentum, external force and translational kinetic energy. Rotational motion : axis of rotation; rotational kinetic energy; angular momentum of rotation; moment of inertia and radius of gy ration; parallel and perpendicular axes theorems: calculation of moment of inertia for simple geometries. Translation combined with rotation; rolling with and without slipping on horizontal and inclined planes. 7. Special Theory of Relativity : Reference frame; frame independence of velocity of light; postulates of special relativity: Lorentz transformation equations (no derivation) : length contraction, time dilatation and simultaneity; relativistic expressions of total energy, rest energy, kine tic energy and momentum – variation of mass with velocity; equivalence of mass and energy; velocity addition theorem (no derivation – statement and difference with Newtonian mechanics to be pointed out). 8. Graviation : (a) Newton’s law of graviation and acceleration due to gravity, concept of central force and conserved quantities; Kepler’s laws (no derivation – statement and explanation only) (b) Gravitational potential and intensity : calculations for a spherical shell and a solid sphere, gravitational self -energy of a sphere, rocket and satellite notion, geo-stationary orbit, escape velocity. 9. Elasticity : Hooke’s law; different elastic constants and their interrelations : torsion of a cylinder bending of beams – cantilever. 10. Surface Tension : Surface tension and surface energy; molecular theory, liquid in contact with solid – angle of contact; capillary rise and fall of liquid columns – Jurin’s law; excess pressure on a curved surface ; variation of surface tension with temperature (qualitative discussions only) 11. Fluid Motion : Streamline and turbulent motion of a liquid; Newtonian fluids; viscosity of fluids: flow through a capillary tube – Poiseuille’s formula; critical velocity; Reynold’s number : Stoke’s law; variation of viscosity with temperature (qualitative discussions only); Bernoulli’s theorem on fluid flow. 12. Simple harmonic Motion – differential equation and solution; superposition of simple harmonic motions; damped and forced vibrations – resonance. 13. General Equation of Wave Motion : plane waves and spherical waves; Fourier’s theorem (no proof); sinusoidal waves – properties; longitudinal and transverse waves – examples and properties; progressive and stationary waves; nodes and antinodes; energy flow; dispersive waves – group velocity and phase velocity.

14. Sound Waves : Characteristics of sound waves; velocity of sound waves in solids, gases and strings: loudness and intensity of sound waves; Doppler effect 15. Thermometry : definition of temperature: constant volume gas thermometer : international temperature scale; resistance thermometer; thermo couple. 15. Kinetic Theory : Ideal gas; simple gas laws from kinetic theory; pressure of an ideal gas: elementary ideas about probability and the concept of probability distributions; Maxwell’s velocity Distribution law (derivation not required statement and explanation), mean, r.m.s and most probable speeds; degrees of freedom: principle of equipartition of energy with application to simple cases, mean free path and collision probability, qualitative study of Brownia n motion, variation of atmospheric pressure and temperature with height 16. Real gases : Deviations from Boyle’s law : Andrew’s experiments, van der Waal’s equation (simple derivation); critical constants; law of coresponding states. 17. Thermal Conductivity : thermal diffusivity; Fourier’s equation in one dimension and its solution in simple cases; theory of Ingen Hausz’s experiment; Wiedemann -Franz law (no derivation : statement only) 18. Thermodynamics : Isothermal, isobaric, isochoric and adiabatie changes, thermal equilibirum and the zeroeth law of thermodynamics; equvalence of mechanical, electrical and thermal energies – the constant J; state variables and state function; internal energy; first law of thermodynamics; relation between specific heats and other simple applications of the first law; reversible and ireversible processes; P -V diagrams; Carnot engine and Carnot cycle – efficiency: second law of thermodynamics; concept of entropy; Clausius’ theorem : entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes; thermodynamic scale of temperature; principle of operation of external and internal combustion engines; principle of refrigeration. Joule-Thomson effect; enthalpy; inversion temperature; regenerat ive cooling and adiabatic cooling. 19. Introduction to Statistical Mechanics : System of very large number of particles; microscopic and macroscopic properties; MB, BE and FD distribution formulae (no derivation) explanation and applicability of the formulae. 20. Radiation : Emissive and absorptive power; black body; Kirchhoff’s law; Stefan’s law: Newton’s law of cooling; Planck’s law (no derivation) and graphical interpretation: Wien’s displacement law (no derivation) and graphical illustration; principle of radiation pyrometers. 21. Electric charge, quantisation of charge – implications of Millikan’s oil drop experiment (no calculation here); conservation of electric charge, units of electric charge 22. Electrostatic Field and Potential : Coulomb’s law; electric field intensity and static potential, calculation of these quantities for systems of point charges and simple charge distributions; lines of force and flux; Gauss’s law and simple applications; Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations Electric dipole : potential and field due to a dipole: potenti al energy of a dipole in a uniform electric field. Dielectric medium; polarisation; electric displacement vector D; energy of a charge distribution; electrostatic field energy. Capaciatance and condensers; calculation of capacitance for some cases with sim ple geometry; energy stored in a capacitor. 23. Steady Currents: Concept of current – transportation of charge; flow of charge due to potential difference: units of curent and potential difference; Ohm’s law, resistivity and conductivity. Kirchhoffs laws and applications; energy and power in electric circuits sensitivity of a Wheatstone’s bridge arrangement; potentiometer – principle and applications. 24. Magnetic effect of Current : Absence of magnetic monopoles, the magnetic field B. Biot Savart law; Ampere’s law; application of these laws to current distributions with simple geometries solenoid: Helmholtz coil; magnetic field due to a closed current loop – magnetic dipole and dipole moment; Lorentz force; some simple applications – cyclotron, Hall effect (elementary discussions) force on a current

carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field; force between two currents; torque on a closed current loop in a magnetic field. 25. Magnetism in Material Media and Magnetic Properties of materials: the three magnetic vectors B, H and M – illustration in case of a ba r magnet; magnetic susceptibility : types of materials – dia, para and ferro magnetic substances and their properties; Curie’s law and Curie -Weiss law (no derivation). Curie temperature; magnetisation cycle, hysteresis loss in ferromagnetic materials, prac tical applications – electromagnets and permanent magnets. 26. Electromagnetic Induction : Magnetic flux: Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws of electromagnetic induction; elementary applications; self and mutual inductances calculation for cases with simple problems, L-R, C-R, and L-C-R circuits, growth and decay of currents. 27. Alternating Currents: Mean and r.m.s. values of alternating currents and voltages. I.R.C.R. and L.C.R circuits with sinusoidal current voltage sources; impedance, phase angle power factor resonance in L-C-R circuits; Q factor; working principles of transformers; generators and electric motors. 28. Thermoelectricity : Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects: thermoelectric curve neutral and inversion temperatures; thermoelectric power. 29. Electromagnetic Theory : Equation of continuity; laws of static electromagnetic field; displacement current; Maxwell’s equations; electromagnetic waves in vacuum; wave speed, light as electromagnetic phenomenon; wave equation and its plane wave solution, transverse mature of electromagnetic waves; Hertz experiment. 30. Geometerical Optics : (a) Fermat’s principle; laws of reflection and refraction at plane surfaces from Fermat’s principle; laws of reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces – lens formula; combination of thin lenses – equivalent focal length. (b) Prism, dispersion and dispersive power. (c) Chromatic aberration and it s remedy; qualitative discussions about Seidel aberrations and their remedies. (d) Optical Instruments : Eyepieces : Ramsden and Huygens (basic descriptions only) : astronomical telescope; simple and compound microscopes (in all cases basic principles are to be illustrated – no detailed description required); magnifying power. 31. Wave Nature of Light : Light as an electromagnetic wave; the full electromagnetic spectrum; Huygens’ principle – wavefronts; explanation of laws of reflection and refraction at plane surfaces from Huygen’s principle. 32. Interference of Light : Principle of superposition: Young’s double slit experiment: conditions of interference; division of wavefront – Fresnel’s biprism and Lloyd’s mirror; division of amplitude, thin films and Newton’s rings. 33. Diffraction of Light: half period zones and rectilinear propagation of light; zone plate: Fresnel and Fraunhoefer diffractions; Fraunhoefer diffractions in single slit, double slit and plane diffraction grating (basic principles only); resolving power and Rayleigh criterion. 34. Polarisation : Different states of polarisation; production of polarised light by reflection and refraction, double refraction; uniaxial crystals. Nichol prism and polarised light, plane, circularly and elliptically polarised light, optical activity . 35. Quntum Theory : (a) Photo electric effect; Compton effect; black body radiation and Planck’s law; Raman effect; qualitative discussions to illu strate the existence of quantum effects in microscopic world. (b) Line spectra and Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom: Franck and Hertz experiment (principles only); the concept of quantum numbers. (c) Wave particle duality and de Broglie waves, wave and group velocity. Davison-Germer experiment (principles only). (d) Schroedinger wave equation (time dependent and time independent) interpretation of the wave function; stationary states; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (qualitative discussion with examples), particle in one dimensional infinite well; particle crossing a potential barrier -tunneling (no detailed algebra – qualitative discussions with examples – difference with classical physics to be

emphasized). (e) Vector Atom Model : Stem-Gerlach experiment (principles only) : electron spin, alkali spectra (qualitative discussions); Pauli exclusion principle and the periodic table; Zeeman effect 36. Solids : Amorphous and crystalline solids; elementary ideas about crystal structure, unit cell, basis, lattice; fundamental types of lattices; diffraction of X-rays by a crystal lattice, Bragg’s law, Moseley’s law (its importance and its explanation from Bohr’s theory). 37. Semiconductor Physics : Qualitative ideas about energy bands, intrinsic semiconductors, doping and extrinsic semiconductors; electr ons and holes; majority and minority carriers; p-n junction and properties – depletion region, barrier voltage, junction capacitance 38. Atoms: Discovery of the electron; Thomson’s experiment; Millikan’s oil drop experiment: atomic weight and atomic num ber; general principles of mass spectrometers; isotopes. 39. Nuclear Physics: (a) Constituents of the Nucleus : Description and conclusions from Rutherford’s experiment (no derivation of formula); constituents of the nucleus; discoveries of the proton and the neutron, properties of the proton and the neutron. (b) Nuclear Gross Properties : Mass and binding energy; binding energy curve, nuclear energy levels, nuclear spin; qualitative discussions about nuclear structure (liquid drop model and shell mode l) (c) Unstable Nuclei: radioactivity; radioactie decay laws; alpha, beta and gamma rays, successive decay and radioactive equalibrium (secular) Systematics and energy spectra in alpha and beta decays (d) Nuclear Reactions – examples; systematics and characteristics, artificial radioctivity (e) Fission – systematics and energy release; Fusion – energy cycles in stars (qualitative) (f) Accelerators – Linear accelerators and cyclotron (basic principles only) (g) Nuclear detectors – GM counters and scintillation detectors (basic principles only)