PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT DIGEST
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Ρ Ε R Κ Ι Ν - Ε L M E R INSTRUMENT DIGEST A condensation of some of the articles appearing in the regular 8-page Fall issue of Perkin-Elmer Instrument News, a quarterly publication of The Perkin- Elmer Corporation, manufacturers of scientific instruments—Infrared Spec- trometers, Tiselius Electrophoresis Apparatus, Flame Photometers, Continuous Infrared Analyzer, Low-level Amplifiers—as well as Astronomical Equipment, Replica Gratings, Thermocouples, Photographic Lenses, Crystal Optics, and Special Instruments for the government. For further information, write The Perkin-Elmer Corp., Glenbrook, Conn. Glenbrook, Conn. February, 1950 Vol. I, No. 7 METHOD THAT MEASURES HEAT OF STARS NOW HELPS CITRUS FRUIT GROWERS A method long used by astronomers to measure the heat generated by stars hun- dreds of thousands of light years away is now being put to work by citrus growers to protect their crops against freezing. Se- cret behind the method is the detection of infrared (heat) radiation from distant ob- jects by an electro-optical instrument hun- dreds of times more sensitive to tempera- ture changes than a clinical thermometer —the radiometer. Protects Citrus Crops Newest use for the radiometer is in the protection of citrus crops from freezing at temperatures above the freezing point. For years, citrus growers had been puzzled by this phenomenon—and then the radiometer was brought into play. It was found that even at temperatures as high as 38 or 40 deg. F. on a clear night, oranges would radiate heat energy to the clear sky faster than they could pick it up from the sur- rounding air. Now, when radiometers de- tect this "radiation leak," smudge pots are employed—not only to heat the oranges, but to cloud the atmosphere and cut down the radiation loss to space, thus preventing freezing. Perkin-Elmer has developed very highly sensitive rapid response units for radio- metric purposes. New Literature Available A complete description sheet on the Perkin-Elmer Model 83 Monochromator, the first universal monochromator to cover the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared re- gions of the spectrum, may now be ob- tained free of charge by writing The Perkin-Elmer Corp., Glenbrook, Conn., on your letterhead. Also available is manual describing Γ ^rkin-Elmer's Model 52-A Flame Photometer. a new TAKING THE LAB TO THE PROBLEM At the American Cyanamid Company, a Perkin-Elmer Model 12-C is mounted on a specially designed doily, enabling the unit to be moved anywhere in the build- ing, and set up wherever power and water are available. With this mobile unit, Cyana- mid research men can perform analyses in a few minutes on the spot, saving time- With this mobile infrared spectrometer, the laboratory actually comes to the prob- lem, permitting on-the-spot control and speeding production. consuming trips to and from the analytical laboratory. It's of special use when oper- ating conditions are being varied, for then the infrared spectrometer is able to sup- ply an immediate check on results, cutting time on development processes and elimi- nating superfluous experimental steps. The mobile unit was developed in re- sponse to the increasing demands for infrared spectrometry in all of the depart- ments of American Cyanamid's vast re- search organization. It was made possible by the ruggedness of the Perkin-Elmer in- strument plus the ingenuity of Cyanamid engineers. Perkin-Elmer will be glad to assist in the construction of similar units. DO YOU RECEIVE PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS REGULARLY? The articles on this page are condensations from the current issue of PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS, an 8-page quarterly devoted exclusively t o electro-optical instrumentation. They do not by any means cover all the information presented in the original articles, and they represent only a fraction of the material contained in the parent publication. ALSO IN THE WINTER ISSUE O F PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS will find articles on: A new soil-analysis blood...a telescope that will probe farther into method that means better crops...a means of diagnosing diseases by protein patterns in trie the Milky Way than ever before.. .and other ap- plications of electro-optical instruments. You can receive PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS regularly, beginning with the first issue, by writing The Perkin-Elmer Corp., Glenbrook, Conn., on your letterhead. (ADVERTISEMENT) RESEARCH IN STRUCTURE OF GLASS IS GUIDED BY INFRARED SPECTROMETRY A glass-research project, now being con- ducted by the Anderson Physical Labora- tories for the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Com- pany, may reveal fundamental correlations between infrared optical properties of glasses and their molecular structure, ac- cording to Dr. Scott Anderson. Anderson's work began as an attempt to explain dis- coloration and etching in certain glass processes on a physical basis. New Tool for Study of Solids Since discoloration and etching are es- sentially a surface effect, preliminary studies were made on the changes in infra- red reflection as a function of surface change. The observed changes with pro- gressive acid etching of a barium glass permitted the tentative hypothesis that the glass contained both a tetrahedral SiO and an octahedral coordination of the barium. With leaching, Anderson observed, the barium coordination tends to disap- pear, leaving a predominantly silica-like structure which gives rise to a character- istic reflection spectrum in the region from 700 cm-* ( I V ) to 1400 cm-i ( 7 μ ). These results led Anderson to an at- tempt to correlate infrared reflection, ab- sorption, and dispersion of glasses with their molecular and crystalline structure. He points out that strong vibrational damping is such that the index values at any single wavelength result from the net contribution of absorptions over a wide range of wavelengths. This implies that a thorough study of absorption, reflection, and index of refraction over a wide spec- tral range may permit a good correlation of these characteristics, and point the way toward the use of these infrared phe- nomena as a new tool for the study of the solid state. NEW A.S.T.M. METHOD FOR SODA ASH ANALYSIS A method is described for the determi- nation of soda and potash in Portland ce- ment by the Flame Photometer in Paper 54, August, 1949, Portland Cement Asso- ciation Fellowship, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. The paper, which bears the A. S. T. M. designation C228-49T (1949), is entitled "Studies on the Flame Photometer for the Determina- tion of Na 2 0 and K»0 in Portland Ce- ment." The authors are W. R. Eubank and R. H. Bogue. VOLUME 2 8, NO. 9 » » FEBRUARY 2 7, 1950 697
Transcript of PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT DIGEST
Ρ Ε R Κ Ι Ν - Ε L M E R
INSTRUMENT DIGEST A condensa t i on of some of the a r t i c les a p p e a r i n g in the regu la r 8 -page Fal l issue of Perkin-Elmer Instrument News, a q u a r t e r l y publ icat ion of The Perkin-Elmer C o r p o r a t i o n , manufacturers of scientif ic instruments—Infrared Spect rometers , Tiselius E lect rophores is Appa ra tus , F lame Photometers, Cont inuous
I n f r a r e d Ana lyzer , Low-level Ampl i f iers—as w e l l as As t ronomica l Equipment, Rep l i ca Gra t ings , Thermocoup les , Pho tog raph ic Lenses, Crys ta l O p t i c s , and S p e c i a l Instruments for t h e government .
For fur ther i n fo rmat ion , wr i te The Perkin-Elmer C o r p . , G l e n b r o o k , Conn .
Glenbrook, Conn. February, 1950 Vol. I, No. 7
M E T H O D T H A T MEASURES HEAT OF STARS NOW HELPS C I T R U S F R U I T G R O W E R S
A method long used by astronomers to measure the heat generated by stars hundreds of thousands of light years away is now being put to work by citrus growers to protect their crops against freezing. Secret behind the method is the detection of infrared (heat) radiation from distant objects by an electro-optical instrument hundreds of times more sensitive to temperature changes than a clinical thermometer —the radiometer.
Protects Citrus Crops Newest use for the radiometer is in the
protection of citrus crops from freezing at temperatures above the freezing point. For years, citrus growers had been puzzled by this phenomenon—and then the radiometer was brought into play. It was found that even at temperatures as high as 38 or 40 deg. F. on a clear night, oranges would radiate heat energy to the clear sky faster than they could pick it up from the surrounding air. Now, when radiometers detect this "radiation leak," smudge pots are employed—not only to heat the oranges, but to cloud the atmosphere and cut down the radiation loss to space, thus preventing freezing.
Perkin-Elmer has developed very highly sensitive rapid response units for radiometric purposes.
N e w Li tera ture A v a i l a b l e A complete description sheet on the
Perkin-Elmer Model 83 Monochromator, the first universal monochromator to cover the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the spectrum, may now be obtained free of charge by writing The Perkin-Elmer Corp., Glenbrook, Conn., on your letterhead. Also available is manual describing Γ ^rkin-Elmer's Model 52-A Flame Photometer.
a new
TAKING THE LAB TO THE PROBLEM
At the American Cyanamid Company, a Perkin-Elmer Model 12-C is mounted on a specially designed doily, enabling the unit to be moved anywhere in the building, and set up wherever power and water are available. With this mobile unit, Cyanamid research men can perform analyses in a few minutes on the spot, saving time-
With this mobile infrared spectrometer, the laboratory actually comes to the problem, permitting on-the-spot control and speeding production.
consuming trips to and from the analytical laboratory. It's of special use when operating conditions are being varied, for then the infrared spectrometer is able to supply an immediate check on results, cutting time on development processes and eliminating superfluous experimental steps.
The mobile unit was developed in response to the increasing demands for infrared spectrometry in all of the departments of American Cyanamid's vast research organization. It was made possible by the ruggedness of the Perkin-Elmer instrument plus the ingenuity of Cyanamid engineers. Perkin-Elmer will be glad to assist in the construction of similar units.
DO YOU RECEIVE PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS REGULARLY?
The articles on this page are condensations f r o m the current issue of PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS, an 8-page quarterly devoted exclusively t o electro-optical instrumentation. They do not b y
any means cover a l l the in format ion presented in the original a r t i c les , and they represent only a fraction of the material contained in t he parent publication.
ALSO I N THE WINTER ISSUE O F PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT N E W S wi l l find articles on: A new soil-analysis b lood . . .a te lescope that wil l probe farther i n to
method that means better c rops . . .a means o f diagnosing diseases by protein patterns in t r i e
the Milky Way than ever b e f o r e . . .and other applications of electro-optical instruments.
Y o u can receive PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS regular ly , beg inn ing with the first issue, by w r i t i n g The Perkin-Elmer Corp., Glenbrook, Conn., on your le t te rhead .
(ADVERTISEMENT)
R E S E A R C H IN S T R U C T U R E O F G L A S S IS G U I D E D BY INFRARED SPECTROMETRY
A glass-research project, now being conducted by the Anderson Physical Laboratories for the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, may reveal fundamental correlations between infrared optical properties of glasses and their molecular structure, according to Dr. Scott Anderson. Anderson's work began as an attempt to explain discoloration and etching in certain glass processes on a physical basis.
New Tool for Study of Solids Since discoloration and etching are es
sentially a surface effect, preliminary studies were made on the changes in infrared reflection as a function of surface change. The observed changes with progressive acid etching of a barium glass permitted the tentative hypothesis that the glass contained both a tetrahedral SiO and an octahedral coordination of the barium. With leaching, Anderson observed, the barium coordination tends to disappear, leaving a predominantly silica-like structure which gives rise to a characteristic reflection spectrum in the region from 700 cm-* ( I V ) to 1400 cm-i ( 7 μ ) .
These results led Anderson to an attempt to correlate infrared reflection, absorption, and dispersion of glasses with their molecular and crystalline structure. He points out that strong vibrational damping is such that the index values at any single wavelength result from the net contribution of absorptions over a wide range of wavelengths. This implies that a thorough study of absorption, reflection, and index of refraction over a wide spectral range may permit a good correlation of these characteristics, and point the way toward the use of these infrared phenomena as a new tool for the study of the solid state.
NEW A.S.T.M. METHOD FOR SODA ASH ANALYSIS
A method is described for the determination of soda and potash in Portland cement by the Flame Photometer in Paper 54, August, 1949, Portland Cement Association Fellowship, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. The paper, which bears the A. S. T. M. designation C228-49T (1949), is entitled "Studies on the Flame Photometer for the Determination of Na20 and K»0 in Portland Cement." The authors are W. R. Eubank and R. H. Bogue.
V O L U M E 2 8, N O . 9 » » F E B R U A R Y 2 7, 1 9 5 0 697
