NEW BOOKS
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NEW BOOKS Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Part I. Theory and Practice. Ed- ited by I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. El- ving, with the assistance of Ε. Β. Sandell. xxvi + 809 pages. The In- terscience Encyclopedia, Inc., 260 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, New York, $17.60 ($16.00 on subscrip- tion). Reviewed by Donald T. Saw- yer, Department of Chemistry, Uni- versity of California, Riverside, Cal- ifornia. The editors of this monumental trea- tise have stated that its purpose is "to present a concise, critical, comprehen- sive, and systematic, but not exhaustive, treatment of all aspects of classical and modern analytical chemistry." The editorial qualifications of Professors Kolthoff, Elving, and Sandell in the field of analytical chemistry are recog- nized by all chemists; their ability and competence for the editorial direction of a treatise on analytical chemistry would be difficult to match. The Treatise is planned for publica- tion in three parts: Part I, Theory and Practice; Part II, Analytical Chem- istry of the Elements; and Part III, The Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Materials. Each of the parts will con- tain numerous volumes (124 chapters are planned in all for Part I of the Treatise). The present review is con- cerned with Volume I of Part I. This volume contains 19 chapters by 17 different authors as follows: 1. Methods of Analytical Chemistry (E. B. Sandell and P. J. Elving) ; 2. Errors in Chemical Analysis (Ε. Β. Sandell) ; 3. Accuracy and Precision: Evaluation and Interpretation of Analytical Data (W. J. Youden) ; 4. Principles and Methods of Sampling (W. W. Walton and J. I. Hoffman) ; 5. Elements and Compounds (J. I. Waiters) ; 6. Atomic Weights (E. Wickers) ; 7. Chemical Equilibrium and the Thermodynamics of Reactions (T. S. Lee) ; 8. Graphic Presentation of Equilibrium Data (L. G. Sillen) ; 9. Electrode Potentials (R. G. Bates) ; 10. Concept and Determi- nation of pH (R. G. Bates) ; 11. Con- cepts of Acids and Bases (I. M. Kolt- hoff) ; 12. Acid-Base Strength and Pro- tolvsis Curves in Water (S. Brucken- stein and I. M. Kolthoff); 13. Acid- Base Equilibria in Nonaqueous Solu- tions (I. M. Kolthoff and S. Brucken- stein) ; 14. Complexation Reactions (A. Ringbom) ; 15. Mechanisms of Oxi- dation-Reduction Reactions (F. R. Duke) ; 16. Oxidation-Reduction Equi- libria and Titration Curves (F. R. Duke) ; 17. Solubility (D. L. Leussing) ; 18. Precipitates: Their Formation, Properties, and Purity (M. L. Salut- sky) ; 19. Equilibria in Precipitation Reactions, and Precipitation Lines (J. F. Coetzee). The above authors need no introduc- tion, all are acknowledged leaders in their particular fields of interest. How- ever, strong editorial direction is needed to provide a balanced, readable, and useful volume. This the editors have done, and with remarkable skill. Each of the chapters is well organized, read- able, and, even more important, each is useful reading for all analytical chem- ists. All of the chapters are well docu- mented with bibliographies which in- clude the current literature as well as references to more intensive and de- tailed treatments of the subject matter. Although one hesitates to evaluate one chapter relative to another in a work where the overall quality is so high, I found certain chapters particu- larly interesting and informative from my personal viewpoint. Professor Lee's treatment of Chemi- cal Equilibrium and the Thermody- namics of Reactions is outstanding; it is one of the clearest and most useful treatments that this reviewer has en- countered. The chapter by Professor Waiters on Elements and Compounds gives a concise, readable review of mod- ern atomic and molecular theories. Professor Sillen's discussion of the Graphic Presentation of Equilibrium Data presents a novel approach to equilibrium considerations, and serves as a useful complement to the chapter by Professor Lee. Professors Kolthoff and Bruckenstein present two useful chapters on acid- base theory. The first is a clear sum- mary of acid-base theor}' for aqueous solutions while the second is a rather complete and original treatment of the acid-base theory for nonaqueous sys- tems. Another useful and extensive treatment is given by Professor Ring- bom on Complexation Reactions. His discussion of complexation titrations is particularly good. Dr. Bates has pre- pared two well written chapters. The first reviews and outlines the theory and use of electrode potentials, while the second is an authoritative treatment of the determination of pH. It would be difficult to find a better qualified chemist to discuss this important sub- ject. Although each chapter is introduced with a detailed table of contents, the absence of an index is disturbing. The editors indicate that a complete index will be published at the end of a series of volumes, but this will be less useful than an index for each volume. In summary, this volume will be use- ful to all analytical chemists. It will serve as a review and reference source for all readers; many will also find material which is new and important to their progress as scientists. The Gravimetric Methods of Chemi- cal Analysis (A kemiai analizis sulyszerinti modszerei). Volume 1. Theory and procedures of gravimetric analysis (A sulysze- rinti analizis elmelete es muve- letei). Laszlo Erdey 346 pages; Akadémiai Kiado, Budapest, I960. Ft 85.00. Summary by L. Morton and Τ. W. Marton, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C. This work encompasses the basic methods of gravimetric analysis taking into account the advances made in physical chemistry, in colloid chemistry, and in structural inorganic and organic chemistry. As the publishers tell us: Its timeliness is enhanced by the fact that, with the development of nuclear chemistry, new applications have been found for gravimetric analysis as a sci- ence of micropreparative chemistry and of separations. In describing gravimetric techniques, the author attempts to select critically those procedures which are important and fundamental for practical applica- tions. The results of control experi- ments which were carried out during the critical evaluation are cited in the form of tables. Most of the precipi- tates were also investigated using deriv- ative thermo-gravimetric and deriva- tographic methods. [These are names given to methods described by the au- thor and collaborators in Nature 174, 885 (1954) and in Z. anal. Chem. 160, 241 (1958).] In this first volume, in discussing theoretical problems, the author at- tempts to orient the practical analytical chemist toward the disciplines of physi- cal and colloid chemistry and empha- sizes the theoretical background and the importance of practical operations. Information is also given about the second and third volumes which are not issued yet. The second volume deals with the determination of metallic ele- ments. In special cases, the author elaborates on the description of micro and semimicro techniques. The treat- ment of cations follows the order of analytical classes. Before describing each method, the author expatiates on topics such as dissolution or fusion of VOL. 33, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1961 · 6 5 A
Transcript of NEW BOOKS
NEW BOOKS Treatise on Analytical Chemistry.
Part I. Theory and Practice. Edited by I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. El-ving, with the assistance of Ε. Β. Sandell. xxvi + 809 pages. The Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc., 260 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, New York, $17.60 ($16.00 on subscription). Reviewed by Donald T. Sawyer, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California.
The editors of this monumental treatise have stated that its purpose is "to present a concise, critical, comprehensive, and systematic, but not exhaustive, treatment of all aspects of classical and modern analytical chemistry." The editorial qualifications of Professors Kolthoff, Elving, and Sandell in the field of analytical chemistry are recognized by all chemists; their ability and competence for the editorial direction of a treatise on analytical chemistry would be difficult to match.
The Treatise is planned for publication in three parts: Part I, Theory and Practice; Part II, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements; and Part III , The Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Materials. Each of the parts will contain numerous volumes (124 chapters are planned in all for Part I of the Treatise). The present review is concerned with Volume I of Part I.
This volume contains 19 chapters by 17 different authors as follows: 1. Methods of Analytical Chemistry (E. B. Sandell and P. J. Elving) ; 2. Errors in Chemical Analysis (Ε. Β. Sandell) ; 3. Accuracy and Precision: Evaluation and Interpretation of Analytical Data (W. J. Youden) ; 4. Principles and Methods of Sampling (W. W. Walton and J. I. Hoffman) ; 5. Elements and Compounds (J. I. Waiters) ; 6. Atomic Weights (E. Wickers) ; 7. Chemical Equilibrium and the Thermodynamics of Reactions (T. S. Lee) ; 8. Graphic Presentation of Equilibrium Data (L. G. Sillen) ; 9. Electrode Potentials (R. G. Bates) ; 10. Concept and Determination of pH (R. G. Bates) ; 11. Concepts of Acids and Bases (I. M. Kolthoff) ; 12. Acid-Base Strength and Pro-tolvsis Curves in Water (S. Brucken-stein and I. M. Kolthoff); 13. Acid-Base Equilibria in Nonaqueous Solutions (I. M. Kolthoff and S. Brucken-stein) ; 14. Complexation Reactions (A. Ringbom) ; 15. Mechanisms of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (F. R. Duke) ; 16. Oxidation-Reduction Equilibria and Titration Curves (F. R. Duke) ; 17. Solubility (D. L. Leussing) ;
18. Precipitates: Their Formation, Properties, and Purity (M. L. Salut-sky) ; 19. Equilibria in Precipitation Reactions, and Precipitation Lines (J. F. Coetzee).
The above authors need no introduction, all are acknowledged leaders in their particular fields of interest. However, strong editorial direction is needed to provide a balanced, readable, and useful volume. This the editors have done, and with remarkable skill. Each of the chapters is well organized, readable, and, even more important, each is useful reading for all analytical chemists. All of the chapters are well documented with bibliographies which include the current literature as well as references to more intensive and detailed treatments of the subject matter.
Although one hesitates to evaluate one chapter relative to another in a work where the overall quality is so high, I found certain chapters particularly interesting and informative from my personal viewpoint.
Professor Lee's treatment of Chemical Equilibrium and the Thermodynamics of Reactions is outstanding; it is one of the clearest and most useful treatments that this reviewer has encountered. The chapter by Professor Waiters on Elements and Compounds gives a concise, readable review of modern atomic and molecular theories. Professor Sillen's discussion of the Graphic Presentation of Equilibrium Data presents a novel approach to equilibrium considerations, and serves as a useful complement to the chapter by Professor Lee.
Professors Kolthoff and Bruckenstein present two useful chapters on acid-base theory. The first is a clear summary of acid-base theor}' for aqueous solutions while the second is a rather complete and original treatment of the acid-base theory for nonaqueous systems. Another useful and extensive treatment is given by Professor Ringbom on Complexation Reactions. His discussion of complexation titrations is particularly good. Dr. Bates has prepared two well written chapters. The first reviews and outlines the theory and use of electrode potentials, while the second is an authoritative treatment of the determination of pH. It would be difficult to find a better qualified chemist to discuss this important subject.
Although each chapter is introduced with a detailed table of contents, the absence of an index is disturbing. The editors indicate that a complete index will be published at the end of a series
of volumes, but this will be less useful than an index for each volume.
In summary, this volume will be useful to all analytical chemists. It will serve as a review and reference source for all readers; many will also find material which is new and important to their progress as scientists.
The Gravimetric Methods of Chemical Analysis (A kemiai analizis sulyszerinti modszerei). Volume 1. Theory and procedures of gravimetric analysis (A sulyszerinti analizis elmelete es muve-letei). Laszlo Erdey 346 pages; Akadémiai Kiado, Budapest, I960. Ft 85.00. Summary by L. Morton and Τ. W. Marton, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.
This work encompasses the basic methods of gravimetric analysis taking into account the advances made in physical chemistry, in colloid chemistry, and in structural inorganic and organic chemistry. As the publishers tell us: Its timeliness is enhanced by the fact that, with the development of nuclear chemistry, new applications have been found for gravimetric analysis as a science of micropreparative chemistry and of separations.
In describing gravimetric techniques, the author attempts to select critically those procedures which are important and fundamental for practical applications. The results of control experiments which were carried out during the critical evaluation are cited in the form of tables. Most of the precipitates were also investigated using derivative thermo-gravimetric and deriva-tographic methods. [These are names given to methods described by the author and collaborators in Nature 174, 885 (1954) and in Z. anal. Chem. 160, 241 (1958).]
In this first volume, in discussing theoretical problems, the author attempts to orient the practical analytical chemist toward the disciplines of physical and colloid chemistry and emphasizes the theoretical background and the importance of practical operations.
Information is also given about the second and third volumes which are not issued yet. The second volume deals with the determination of metallic elements. In special cases, the author elaborates on the description of micro and semimicro techniques. The treatment of cations follows the order of analytical classes. Before describing each method, the author expatiates on topics such as dissolution or fusion of
VOL. 33, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1961 · 6 5 A
NEW BOOKS
the specimen, selection of the proper method, elimination of side effects, solubility of the precipitate, and problems related to morphology and selectivity. He also cites the limits of measurement within which results of acceptable accuracy can be achieved. After describing the technique used for the determination of each element, the book illustrates simple separation methods used for each. Among these elements , he deals with the complete analysis of a few raw materials which are technologically impor tant .
The third volume summarizes the methods used for the determination of nonmetallic elements following the general principles outlined in the preceding volumes. The determination of elements frequently occurring in organic compounds is given in the passages referring to the specific elements.
The Use of Organic Reagents in Inorganic Analysis . A. I. Busev and N. G. Polianskii. Translated from the Russian by J. T. Greaves. 76 pages. Pergamon Press. Inc., 122 East ôôth St.. New York 22. Ν. Υ. I960. $3.50.
In drawing up this review, papers which in the au thors ' opinions were of principal interest have been used. Many papers on complexones, and papers on the use of organic reagents in chromatography, are not included. The first chapter is devoted to a discussion of some general problems in application of organic reagents. T h e second is devoted to the most impor tant methods of determining elements with the use of organic reagents. The reference list for Chapter I includes 198 entries, while that for Chap te r I I has 272 entries.
The Theory of Crystal Structure Analysis . A. I. Kitaigorodskii. Translated from the Russian by David Harker and Katherine Barker. About 280 pages. Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc.. 227 West 17th St.. New York 11, Ν. Υ. I960. $12.50.
This book is devoted to the premise tha t the term "theory of s t ructure analysis" is equivalent to a method of finding the s tructure. The author sett forth relationships between s t ructure amplitudes, and he discusses all aspects of s t ructure analysis now being studied in the USSR and elsewhere. The book is divided into six major sections. Among these are the theory of the relations between structure amplitudes, s tudy of the convolution of the electron
density, and methods of obtaining agreement between the measured and the calculated s t ructure amplitudes.
Symposium on Spectroscopic Excitat ion. STP 259. ν + 62 pages. American Society for Testing Materials, 1916 Race St.. Philadelphia 3. Pa. I960. $2.50.
Reproducibili ty and accuracy in spectroscopy are affected b y many parameters . This symposium was aimed a t considering some of the major effects on excitation caused by the sample itself, the so-called matr ix effects, and by the environment in which excitation occurs—the gaseous atmosphere. The topics covered are the matr ix effect in excitation, effects of gaseous atmospheres on excitation, and some properties of new or modified excitation sources.
Symposium on Nondestruct ive Testing in the Missile Industry. STP 278. Hi + 71 pages. American Society for Testing Materials. 1916 Race St.. Philadelphia 3. Pa. 1960. $2.
This symposium was organized for two reasons. I t was to establish a background of unclassified l i terature on a limited number of specific applications of nondestructive testing; and it was to stimulate thinking by outlining many of the present nondestructive testing problems in the missile industry. Among other topics, it has discussions on high energy radiography in the 6- to 30-mev. range, an ultrasonic method to detect, count, and measure fluid-contaminating particles, and ultrasonic s tandards for evaluating missile materials and components.
Mass Spectrometry and Its Appl ications to Organic Chemistry. ./. / / . Beynon. xii + 6/fi pages. D. Van Nostrand Co.. 120 Alexander St.. Princeton, N. ,/. 1960. $21,.
A critical review of this book is scheduled to appear in a future issue of ANALYTICAL C H E M I S T R Y .
Advances in Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentat ion. Vo l . I. Charles N. Reilley. Editor, vii + 44^ pages. Interscience Publishers. Inc.. 250 Fifth Ave.. Ν etc York 1. Ν. Υ. 1960. $12.00.
A critical review of this book is scheduled to appear in a future issue of ANALYTICAL C H E M I S T R Y .
Act ivat ion Analysis Handbook. R. C. Koch, χ + 219 pages. Academic Press. Inc., Ill Fifth Ave.. Neic York 3,N.Y. 1960. $8.
A critical review of this book is scheduled to appear in a future issue of ANALYTICAL C H E M I S T R Y .
The Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy. Edited by George L. Clark, xvi + 787 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp.. 430 Park Ave.. New York, Ν. Υ. 1960. $25.00
A critical review of this book is scheduled to appear in a future issue of ANALYTICAL C H E M I S T R Y .
La Spectroscopic Hertzienne Appliq u é e a la Chimie. R. Freymann and M. Soutif. xi + 263 pages. Dunod Éditeur, 92. live Bonaparte. Paris 6e. France. 1960. 23 NF.
This book, published in the French language, is an a t t empt to discuss in an elementary manner the methods of measuring dielectric and magnetic properties of molecules. I t contains information on the various aspects of hertzian spectroscopy and applications of the various methods, offering one or two examples of each. Thus , five distinct types of hertzian spectroscopy are discussed: absorption by molecular rotation, dipolar absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, and nuclear quadripo-lar resonance. The authors have expressed the hope tha t this introduction to an increasingly impor tant subject will be of part icular value to student engineers, technicians, and specialists in chemistry or physicochemistry who wish to familiarize themselves with these tools.
The 1960-T961 Isotope Index. 5 th Ed. 144 pages. Scientific Equipment Co., Publication Dept. 91, P.O. Box 19086, Indianapolis 19, Ind. 1960. $5 in U. S. and Canada; $5.50 elsewhere.
Compiled from the latest suppliers ' catalogs and from direct communications, the Index lists more than 5500 items supplied by some 50 United States, Canadian, British, French, and German firms. Included in the book are chemical name or formula, specific activity, supplier, catalog number, and latest price, as well as the half-life and principal radiant energies for each isotope. The book also has sections on available calibration samples, radiographic and therapeutic sources, list of known suppliers, and a brief section on revised AEC license requirements.
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