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LETTERS Generating More Scientists D E A R SIR:

I would like to express my opinion on space and science crash programs. Certainly, any encouragement to in­terest in science is all to the good. Along with financial support which goes with increased effort in this di­rection, consideration must be given to how the money is spent and by what methods promising students are to be selected for careers in science.

In my opinion it would b e a mistake for t he Government to subsidize gradu­ate students by providing nonrecipro-cating scholarships and fellowships. I would rather see the number of gradu­ate assistantships increased. This could be done by earmarking govern­ment money to colleges and universities for increasing the number of assistant-ships offered. This in turn would place an obligation on the graduate students receiving them, which is generally re­paid through teaching or research duties. By allowing them to gain ex­perience in teaching during graduate work, this government money could further perpetuate itself b y increasing the number of college instructors, thereby permitting smaller undergradu­ate classes and a greater amount of student-instructor contact.

These opinions are my own and not necessarily those of the U. S. Air Force.

RODNEY L. PRESTON Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Well Rounded Ph.D.'s D E A R SIR:

Re the article "Strings on Scholar­ships" (C&EN, Feb. 24, page 4 2 ) : Three cheers for Adm. Rickover and his suggestion of a yardstick for edu­cation! How about some thinking on the Ph.D. for chemists? There seem to be two lines of thought:

1. A comprehensive examination is to b e given before admission to a Ph.D. thesis. This, then, is the turning point to specialization with a final oral ex­amination strictly on the subject of the thesis. There is some merit in this procedure. After the comprehensive examination the student is "through with it" and can specialize in his elected field. Thus, specialists are pro­duced fast, they are needed, and they

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THE TEMPERATURE INSIDE IS 100 BELOW Z E R O -YET ELASTOMERIC SEALANTS REMAIN A\U T IGHT!

E x t r e m e t e s t - The sealants used in this testing chamber, as well as the sealants used for the electrical equipment being tested, must withstand temperatures as low as minus 100 degrees. Under this severe cold, most ordinary sealants would crack or shrink away, causing leakage and failure.

No cracking, n o harmful shrinking. Modern elastomeric sealants based on THIOKOL liquid polymers, however, are able to withstand intense cold without losing effectiveness. Despite temperature fluctuations, they remain efficient and adhere tenaciously — without cracking or be­coming brittle. Not only do these modern sealants stand up under temperature extremes, but they are also highly re­sistant to water, gas, air, vibration, and many chemicals. These sealants give exceptionally long life . . . eliminating the need for frequent resealing.

CHEMICAL CORPORATION <H> Registered Trademark of the Thiokol Chemical Corp., for its liquid polymers,

rocket propellants, plasticizers and other chemical products.

Commercia! refrigeration- New elastomeric sealants are proving especially valuable in t he refrigeration industry, where they are used to seal flooring, door jambs and other critical joints in all types o f refrigeration storage. If you are faced with the problem of finding a sealant to withstand extreme cold and other hazards, we invite you to investigate modern sealants based on THIOKOL liquid polymers.

I I ***"-*"'"—• • : "* ~ « * * * ^ ^ j FOR MORE INFORMATION, mcrsi coupon to Dept. 2 2 , Thiokol § j ι Chemical Corp., 780 N. Clinton J\ve., Trenton, N . J. In Canada, |: i • address Naugatuck Chemicals Division, Dominion Rubber Co., p i j Elmira, Ontar io. § |

| Gentlemen: Please send me further details about modern f§| ι elastomeric sealants based on Thiokol liquid polymers. l i

• P. l ι m j Street | j

ir; City State

ι , Your Name p .

M A R C H 2 4, 1958 C & E N Π

' 'Greatly simplifies the task of locating and ordering major as well as minor i t e m s " . . . says Mr. L. A. Micco, Senior Research

Physicist , A N S C O D iv i s i on o f enera l A n i l i n e and Film C o r p .

ι New W i l l "7" CATALOG proves Boon to Busy Staff Members

of ANSCO Research Laboratory "Past experience had taught me to rely almost exclusively

on the salesman for catalog numbers and prices rather than use valuable time search­ing through several catalogs only to find that the prices in most cases were obsolete," writes Mr. Micco. "One of the most rewarding benefits of the new WILL "7" Catalog is the fact that it gives us up-to-date information on the very newest items available today . . . products of some of the most respected names in the trade."

Like Mr. Micco, you, too, will find that the "Speedex" indexing, the alphabetical and numerical listings, as well as the listing of all accessory and replacement parts, are features which make the new WILL "7" Catalog an invaluable aid in selecting and purchasing Laboratory apparatus and supplies.

You Can Benefit, too, by get t ing acquainted with and using this " K e y " to better equipment procurement. If you don ' t have access to a copy of the new WILL " 7 " Cata log, wr i te today or contact your nearby WILL SUPPLY and SERVICE CENTER.

Will CORPORATION and subsidiaries Specialists in

Scientific Supply

ROCHESTER 3, N.Y. · ATLANfAl ,GA. · NEW YORK 52Λ Ν. Y. · BALTIMORE 2 4 , MD.

BUFFALO 5, Ν. Υ. · SO. CHARLESTON 3, W. VA.

"Bronwill" CONSTANT TEMPERATURE

CIRCULATOR INSTANTLY CONVERTS ANY CONTAINER TO A CONSTANT

TEMPERATURE BATH OR CIRCULATION SYSTEM Silent,vibrationlessoperation.Flow adjustable to 114 gal­lons per minute. Sensitivity—0.01°C. Magnetic setting— 0-10(rC. Displacement only 100 ml. Write Dept. CE-58.

B R O N W I L L S C I E N T I F I C D I V I S I O N W I L L C O R P O R A T I O N

P. O. Box 1 2 7 , e r i g h t o n Sta t ion Rochester 1 0 , N .Y .

LETTERS

turn out to be excellent if they find their niche.

2 . The other extreme asks only for an elimination examination to select those students who are fit to be ad­mitted to a Ph.D. thesis. W h e n their thesis has given satisfactory results they are admitted to an oral examination in which they have to prove tha t they have acquired a well rounded educa­tion. This way, extreme specialization is somewhat postponed. T h e latter type of Ph.D. may not earn t he salary he is getting in industry, for the first six months (does the other one?), but with bet ter tools and greater versatility he may well be a better and more de­pression-proof long-term investment.

In setting standards, these two re­quirements have to be considered.

I feel that the taking of a philosophi­cal degree implies the obligation to strive for a well rounded education. Cincinnati, Ohio H E I N Z SCHULZE

Student Subsidies DEAR SIR:

We have unlimited reserves of scien­tists if we keep them from turning to the trades to make a living. W e place in insurmountable barrier of "$600O to $8000 for four years of college" ahead of a would-be scientist a n d then wonder why he so often turns to other fields. There are some scholarships ($200 to $600) available to the bril­liant student, but such scholarships are of themselves inadequate and i t is not alone the brilliant student we want to attract to science.

Why not subsidize at least half the cost of college training with a $1000 grant per year to any science student who can continue to meet college re­quirements? Wi th the assurance of at least half his expenses met b y such grant, students can face college train­ing with reasonable assurance that they can meet the financial burden . Col­leges can then raise tuition rates as may be required to place each college on a sound financial basis. This will in turn permit higher salaries for professors.

I believe if the chemical industiy and the Government were to cooperate upon this $1000-per-student-year sub­sidy the details could be worked out in various ways. My first suggestion is that grants be solicited on a free-will basis from industry. Then if the Gov­ernment would rule that such grant was tax-free to the student, we should ac-

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Whatever your surface active agent requirements, Ul t ra can meet them with products that combine uniformly hig\h quality with economy. Technical service is readily available on your surfactant problems.

Whatever your surfactant needs, you can't buy t>etter than Ultra. . .and you can combine all Ultra products to benefit from quantity prices.

ULTRA CHEMICAL WORKS Division of Witco Chemical Company

2 W o o d Street, Paterson, N. J.

Have you seen Ultra's comprehensive new cata­logue? If not, fill out and mail coupon today.

f" TÎLTRÂ^CHÊMÎCÂL W O R 1 « , T N C . Dept . 7 1 7 Paterson, N. J .

Please send me your new catalogue on surface active

agents.

N A M E . «TITLE.

COMPANY.

STREET

CITY .STATE.

M A R C H 2 4, 1958 C & E N 13

âirdîr To-4 Û W I Ï Bul-

^recently dis-jdt'Céâitor of the 1er * Otecîiestven ; fcùthorities were jttive. According· Klinistry's Press r. Topencharov, pq^be out of the

|çlénîëd t h a t the |5|wgis t rying to temes of i t s au-pKfcs,-from. them tedescriptibn- of (B^** the said. .-iilifë is not" free ifortepMings" h e fe;eicàMplëi;^yoix rty in Bj

tinier execut rth 1950 on w h a t ; regime has now trumped-up enargre deviation.

ι Commu .t par ty in Sepxe^ station had one ά^Α

ector for political affairs»^ hose job it was to oversee tlxe|

political education and trust- ·

AIberene Stone Table Tops Provide Natural Surface for Space Research

Alberene Stone is the only per­manently satisfactory surface for t h e n e w m e t a l l u r g i c a l , solid fuel and nuclear research programs. It is a natural sili­cate stone. Its surface goes all the way thru — and gives full protection s t ra ight thru drilled holes. I t has no surface glaze to chip, crack or peel. Doesn't spall or warp . I t requires no surface t rea tment .

Alberene Stone has a low

absorbency rate of 0.15%. I t s chemically - resistant, all - sili­cate mineral components make i t p r a c t i c a l l y n o n s t a i n i n g . Slight stains can be removed by scouring or honing without h a r m to the surface. I t re­quires no maintenance.

F o r full i n f o r m a t i o n and technical assistance address : Alberene Stone Corporation, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N. Y.. Dept. N.

provides LOW ABSORBENCV protection

LETTERS

complish the desired results. Doubt­less the proposal would prove more at­tractive to industry if such grant could b e considered an operating cost—in w h i c h case the Government would have even greater participation.

ROBERT W. MCCALLISTER Carlisle, Mass,

More Ph.D.'s Needled D E A R SIR:

Dr . Stephen D. Bruck's criticism (C&EN, Nov. 18, 1957, page 10) of D r . Ε . Μ. Gindler's excellent sugges­tion t o convert the present large group of M.S. chemists to Ph.D.'s was un­fair. I t reflected fears held by a minori ty of chemists on the "economic, professional, and social status of the chemis t" should the number of Ph.D. chemists grow much.

It w a s unfair t o infer that Dr. Gindler wou ld be willing to "lower standards of t raining for the Ph .D." in order to con­ver t t he present large group of M.S. chemists to Ph .D/s . Nothing of the sort was said nor implied by Dr. Gindler . Mrs. Robert T. Keen's letter, abo\«e Dr. Bruck's, aptly illustrates a pa r t of the hardship a B.S. or an M.S. with a family usually must undergo for a Ph.D. "Adequate financial assist­ance*' just does not exist for any but t h e single man as a rule.

If the present scientific manpower shor tage is real (as many topflight scientists have been declaring for a long time bu t only recently to a Con­gress alerted to listening by the sput­niks) and not just "so-called" as Dr. Brudk believes, then the quickest way I see to help remedy the situation would b e to adopt some such plan as Dr. Gindler 's on a national scale. T h e im­media te value to our national scientific s ta tus of an M.S. with years of experi­ence becoming a Ph.D. would, I be­lieve j, b e immeasurably greater than tha t of a fresh Ph.D. with no indus­trial o r academic experience to speak of.

Fears of there ever being too many Ph.E>. scientists are childish since knowledge begets knowledge which is to the benefit of all mankind. In to­day's world, which is gravely threat­ened by the Soviet Communist menace, the free nations cannot afford to lack large numbers of well trained Ph .D/s in all the natural sciences if mankind is noi: to perish.

W. H. VORIS Mars, Pa. (M.S. with Family)

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