Letters
2
Newscripts by Κ. Μ. Reese Rats thirsty?— try cold water Everybody knows that cold water quenches thirst faster than warm water, but nobody yet has been able to explain the phenomenon satisfactorily. Among the latest to have a stab at the problem is Edward Deaux of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. Deaux's hypothe- sis is based in pajt on his own experiments with rats (1). He stresses that, "One should not confuse preabsorptive satiety, which is the topic of this report, with 'true' (or 'permanent') sati- ety, which apparently requires cellular rehydration. The differ- ence is both temporal and caus- al, and the hypothesis presented here emphasizes that differ- ence." Deaux finds, as others have, that rats maintained on a water- rationing schedule drink and eat less when they get cold water than when they get warm water. (He fed his rats Purina Lab Chow. It doesn't sound too great, but from the rats' vantage point, as has been observed of other types of experiments, it beats cancer research.) The Antioch scientist found no experimental support for the idea that rats take it easy with cold water to avoid an excessive drop in body temperature. He did find, how- ever, that warm water, upon in- gestion, enters the blood faster than cold water. Water doesn't enter the blood until it leaves the stomach, and there is evidence that cold water leaves the stomach more slowly than warm water. Cold drinks also reduce body temperature, which may further slow their entry into the blood. It also seems true that preabsorptive water satiety is caused by dis- tension of the stomach, which would happen faster with cold water because it leaves the stomach more slowly than warm water. Thus Deaux concludes that stomach distension cues and temperature-dependent stomach emptying combine to account for the fact that cold water seems to slake thirst faster than warm water. (1) Science, 181,1166(1973). U.S. wolfing yogurt by the ton People in this country ate 100,000 tons of yogurt in 1971, according to The Wall Street Journal according to The Gi- vaudan Flauorist (1). That is beaucoup yogurt! The tonnage intrigues Givaudan Corp., Clif- ton, N.J., because that company makes both natural and imita- tion flavors for yogurt, which can use the help, or so one school of thought would have it. The yogurt craze, in any event, appears to have started with the Russian biologist, Elie Metchni- koff (1845-1916). Metchnikoff figured that eating yogurt would lengthen his life, which it did until he died. Before that hap- pened, however, he set down his views in a book, "The Prolonga- tion of Life," thus introducing yogurt to the western world, which then, as now, was pre- pared to believe practically any- thing. Yogurt, in general terms, is a fermented dairy product made from the milk of cows, sheep, goats, or water buffalo. Cow's milk predominates in the U.S. At some point Metchnikoff de- cided that the longevity of Bul- garians, who often lived more than a century, was due in large part to their consumption of Bulgarian yogurt, a staple in their diets. The Bulgarian prod- uct, he noted under the micro- scope, contained bacteria that, he believed, could "chase the wild poisonous bacilli out of the intestine," thus preventing pu- trefactive bacteria from growing and creating toxins there. The Russian Ponce de Leon is alleged to have dined on the stuff for years and eaten quantities of the bacteria neat. The main result, however, was the birth of the yo- gurt dodge as we know it today. It should not be surprising that Metchnikoff's views carried a certain weight. He had started to study microbes in 1882, and in 1888 he went to Paris to work with Louis Pasteur. By 1892 he had arrived at his basic ideas on the importance of phagocytosis, the process in which living cells —such as white blood cells— engulf other cells or particles. To Metchnikoff goes the main cred- it for recognizing the function of phagocytosis in protecting the body against infectious agents. In later life, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Russian "made a special study of the bacteria infesting the gas- trointestinal tract of man." The Britannica's author doesn't pur- sue the point, which may or may not be a veiled reference to the yogurt period. Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908 for their work on immunity. Later, Ehrlich came to rate the German title, "Excellency," the sobriquet with which Henry Kissinger has said he would be satisfied. (1) Giv. Flav., 3,1(1973). Martha the vintner The source of the following ex- change overheard it in a nearby office and swears that every word is true: Visitor: "Where's Jim?" Youthful secretary: "He's away—at his wife's vineyard." Visitor: "You mean Martha's Vineyard?" Secretary: "Yes." Department of obscure information • The tomato was not eaten in Philadelphia until 1829. • An adult civet stands 12 to 14 inches high at the withers. • About 26 billion checks are written annually in the U.S. Letters Nobody's perfect SIR: Re your article "U.S. trade officials study EEC mandate" (C&EN, July 30, page 7)—Norway did not join EEC as you state. Denmark, however, is a member. Nobody's perfect! Edward L. Brown Knight Oil Corp., Johnstown, Ν. Y. Basic research vital SIR: Bravo to L L. Burger (C&EN, July 30, page 32). Arthur K. Doolittle Arcadia Institute for Scientific Research, Inc., Charleston, W.Va. Grassroots elections SIR: I have noticed with some amusement that grassroots in its newsletter (in which the editor is not named as such) of August 1973 has apparently closed the door on petition candidates for the 1973 election of President-Elect of our Society. "NO THREE- WAY RACE!" reads the headline of the lead-off article. Perhaps grassroots de- cided in July or early August that there need be no additional candidates because grassroots has endorsed one of the two nominated by Council election. This in- continent closing of the lists by grassroots is most striking in view of its own use of the petition route in the recent past. I know that Emerson Venable has suc- cessfully campaigned to become a petition candidate. But why not more candidates? The Constitution and Bylaws specify Oct. 5 as the date prior to which a petition may be filed by additional candidates [Bylaw V, Section 1 (c)]. I am glad that Mr. Venable chose to ignore grassroots' "rules" and to abide by those of the Constitution and Bylaws. When grassroots chose to use the peti- tion route, I thought it proper, although I would not have chosen their style. But now, grassroots would have us disregard the petition option! What next? I urge all members of this Society to be chary of supporting any organization which attempts to limit the freedom to run for office in our Society. Boston, Mass. Ernest I. Becker EPDM and EPM SIR: As the "newest of the EPDM pro- ducers," it was with great interest that we read your article "EPDM elastomers bounce back" (C&EN, Aug. 6, page 5). In general, we agree with the article's position on the EPDM market and production situation. However, we would like to point out one item that we feel needs to be corrected. You state, "Exxon Chemical (formerly Enjay) is the only EPM producer in the U.S." We produce two EPM's (ethylene- propylene copolymers), Epcar 306 and Epcar 505. We feel, as we believe Exxon Chemical does, that there is a market for EPM rubbers. In closing, we wish to state that we ex- pect EPDM rubbers to fulfill all of the early promises that they offered the rubber in- dustry. Grover S. Ramsey Director of Elastomers, Product Manage- ment, B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio Editor's note: All producers of EPDM (ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber) ei- ther make or can make EPM (ethylene- propylene copolymers) as well. Keep an open mind SIR: To extend by way of corollary my let- ter (C&EN, Aug. 31, 1970, page 6), I might say that for a scientist to argue against the stand of writers such as D. B: Tinsley (C&EN, Aug. 30, page 41) is as absurd as a scientist attempting to compare the quantitative merits of two abstract paint- ings. Viewpoints such as Tinsley's must al- ways be appeals to emotion. Thus they can never be "proven or disproven." Science, on the other hand, must derive from logic and reason and ultimately from mathematics. Whether science will "prove Continued"onpage 47 48 C&EN Oct. 1, 1973
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Transcript of Letters
Newscripts by Κ. Μ. Reese
Rats thirsty?— try cold water Everybody knows that cold water quenches thirst faster than warm water, but nobody yet has been able to explain the phenomenon satisfactorily. Among the latest to have a stab at the problem is Edward Deaux of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. Deaux's hypothesis is based in pajt on his own experiments with rats (1). He stresses that, "One should not confuse preabsorptive satiety, which is the topic of this report, with 'true' (or 'permanent') satiety, which apparently requires cellular rehydration. The difference is both temporal and causal, and the hypothesis presented here emphasizes that difference."
Deaux finds, as others have, that rats maintained on a water-rationing schedule drink and eat less when they get cold water than when they get warm water. (He fed his rats Purina Lab Chow. It doesn't sound too great, but from the rats' vantage point, as has been observed of other types of experiments, it beats cancer research.) The Antioch scientist found no experimental support for the idea that rats take it easy with cold water to avoid an excessive drop in body temperature. He did find, however, that warm water, upon in
gestion, enters the blood faster than cold water.
Water doesn't enter the blood until it leaves the stomach, and there is evidence that cold water leaves the stomach more slowly than warm water. Cold drinks also reduce body temperature, which may further slow their entry into the blood. It also seems true that preabsorptive water satiety is caused by distension of the stomach, which would happen faster with cold water because it leaves the stomach more slowly than warm water. Thus Deaux concludes that stomach distension cues and temperature-dependent stomach emptying combine to account for the fact that cold water seems to slake thirst faster than warm water. (1) Science, 181,1166(1973).
U.S. wolfing yogurt by the ton People in this country ate 100,000 tons of yogurt in 1971, according to The Wall Street Journal according to The Gi-vaudan Flauorist (1). That is beaucoup yogurt! The tonnage intrigues Givaudan Corp., Clifton, N.J., because that company makes both natural and imitation flavors for yogurt, which can use the help, or so one school of thought would have it. The yogurt craze, in any event, appears to have started with the Russian biologist, Elie Metchni-koff (1845-1916). Metchnikoff figured that eating yogurt would
lengthen his life, which it did until he died. Before that happened, however, he set down his views in a book, "The Prolongation of Life," thus introducing yogurt to the western world, which then, as now, was prepared to believe practically anything.
Yogurt, in general terms, is a fermented dairy product made from the milk of cows, sheep, goats, or water buffalo. Cow's milk predominates in the U.S. At some point Metchnikoff decided that the longevity of Bulgarians, who often lived more than a century, was due in large part to their consumption of Bulgarian yogurt, a staple in their diets. The Bulgarian product, he noted under the microscope, contained bacteria that, he believed, could "chase the wild poisonous bacilli out of the intestine," thus preventing putrefactive bacteria from growing and creating toxins there. The Russian Ponce de Leon is alleged to have dined on the stuff for years and eaten quantities of the bacteria neat. The main result, however, was the birth of the yogurt dodge as we know it today.
It should not be surprising that Metchnikoff's views carried a certain weight. He had started to study microbes in 1882, and in 1888 he went to Paris to work with Louis Pasteur. By 1892 he had arrived at his basic ideas on the importance of phagocytosis, the process in which living cells —such as white blood cells— engulf other cells or particles. To Metchnikoff goes the main cred
it for recognizing the function of phagocytosis in protecting the body against infectious agents.
In later life, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Russian "made a special study of the bacteria infesting the gastrointestinal tract of man." The Britannica's author doesn't pursue the point, which may or may not be a veiled reference to the yogurt period.
Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908 for their work on immunity. Later, Ehrlich came to rate the German title, "Excellency," the sobriquet with which Henry Kissinger has said he would be satisfied. (1) Giv. Flav., 3,1(1973).
Martha the vintner The source of the following exchange overheard it in a nearby office and swears that every word is true:
Visitor: "Where's J im?" Youthful secretary: "He's
away—at his wife's vineyard." Visitor: "You mean Martha's
Vineyard?" Secretary: "Yes."
Department of obscure information
• The tomato was not eaten in Philadelphia until 1829.
• An adult civet stands 12 to 14 inches high at the withers.
• About 26 billion checks are written annually in the U.S.
Letters Nobody's perfect SIR: Re your article "U.S. trade officials study EEC mandate" (C&EN, July 30, page 7)—Norway did not join EEC as you state. Denmark, however, is a member.
Nobody's perfect! Edward L. Brown
Knight Oil Corp., Johnstown, Ν. Y.
Basic research vital SIR: Bravo to L L. Burger (C&EN, July 30, page 32).
Arthur K. Doolittle Arcadia Institute for Scientific Research,
Inc., Charleston, W.Va.
Grassroots elections SIR: I have noticed with some amusement that grassroots in its newsletter (in which the editor is not named as such) of August 1973 has apparently closed the door on petition candidates for the 1973 election of President-Elect of our Society. "NO THREE-WAY RACE!" reads the headline of the lead-off article. Perhaps grassroots decided in July or early August that there need be no additional candidates because grassroots has endorsed one of the two nominated by Council election. This incontinent closing of the lists by grassroots
is most striking in view of its own use of the petition route in the recent past.
I know that Emerson Venable has successfully campaigned to become a petition candidate. But why not more candidates? The Constitution and Bylaws specify Oct. 5 as the date prior to which a petition may be filed by additional candidates [Bylaw V, Section 1 (c)]. I am glad that Mr. Venable chose to ignore grassroots' "rules" and to abide by those of the Constitution and Bylaws.
When grassroots chose to use the petition route, I thought it proper, although I would not have chosen their style. But now, grassroots would have us disregard the petition option! What next?
I urge all members of this Society to be chary of supporting any organization which attempts to limit the freedom to run for office in our Society. Boston, Mass. Ernest I. Becker
EPDM and EPM SIR: As the "newest of the EPDM producers," it was with great interest that we read your article "EPDM elastomers bounce back" (C&EN, Aug. 6, page 5). In general, we agree with the article's position on the EPDM market and production situation.
However, we would like to point out one item that we feel needs to be corrected. You state, "Exxon Chemical (formerly Enjay) is the only EPM producer in the
U.S." We produce two EPM's (ethylene-propylene copolymers), Epcar 306 and Epcar 505. We feel, as we believe Exxon Chemical does, that there is a market for EPM rubbers.
In closing, we wish to state that we expect EPDM rubbers to fulfill all of the early promises that they offered the rubber industry.
Grover S. Ramsey Director of Elastomers, Product Manage
ment, B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio
Editor's note: All producers of EPDM (ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber) either make or can make EPM (ethylene-propylene copolymers) as well.
Keep an open mind SIR: To extend by way of corollary my letter (C&EN, Aug. 31, 1970, page 6), I might say that for a scientist to argue against the stand of writers such as D. B: Tinsley (C&EN, Aug. 30, page 41) is as absurd as a scientist attempting to compare the quantitative merits of two abstract paintings. Viewpoints such as Tinsley's must always be appeals to emotion. Thus they can never be "proven or disproven."
Science, on the other hand, must derive from logic and reason and ultimately from mathematics. Whether science will "prove
Continued "on page 47
48 C&EN Oct. 1, 1973
Letters Continued from page 48
or disprove" one of the above theories will depend on the extent to which all evidence (now, or to be) available is quantitatively self-consistent.
Thus, Patrick McCurdy is quite right in calling for an open mind to this truly fundamental enigma. Hopefully, the Tinsleys will meet significant explanations with equal open-mindedness.
George P. Nilles Departments of Entomology and Chemistry,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
ACS PR campaign
SIR: Robert J. Good, in his editorial (C&EN, Aug. 20), writes: "And how about a big PR campaign, to remind people of all the benefits science has bestowed—antibiotics, transportation, communications, etc.?"
Good suggestion. As you recall, this was done a decade or so ago, as Chemical Progress Week.
A number of us, particularly in the north New Jersey area, gave talks at business group luncheons and schools, set up science displays for students and parents, arranged tours through our chemical businesses, etc.
The purpose was to emphasize the practical benefits of chemical developments.
Audience response was gratifying. This
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS IN THIS ISSUE
Arco Chemical Co. IFC Conahay & Lyon Inc.
Bench Scale Equipment Co. 34 Odiorne Industrial Advertising, Inc.
Brinkmann Instruments , Inc. 13 Blatt Advertising, Inc.
Darling & Co 24-25 Sander Allen Advertising, Inc.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.) 19 N. W. Ayer & Son, Inc.
Eastman Kodak Company 9 Rumrill-Hoyt, Inc.
Emery Industries, Inc. OBC Northlich, Stolley, Inc.
Evans Chemetics 33 Daniel H. Price, Inc.
GAF Corporation (Specialty Chemicals) IBC
Michel Cather, Inc.
B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company 2 The Griswold-Eshleman Co.
Gulf Industr ial & Specialty Chemicals 10 Ketchum, MacLeod & Grove, Inc.
Hoffmann-La Roche 26 Williams and London Advertising
Labindustries 34 Bonfield Associates
P-L Biochemicals 27 The Brady Company
compensated for the uncomfortable feeling some of us experienced in front of audiences. However, they were aware of our sincerity and responded warmly.
Possibly, the information learned from planning and conducting Chemical Progress Week can be applied to developing a program suggested by Dr. Good—to be made effective next spring—sponsored this time by ACS.
Walter R. Trent Eugene, Ore.
Moratorium on abortion issue
Editor's note: The question of abortion is obviously a controversial and emotional topic, although one with a scientific component not completely unrelated to C&EN reader interests. However, we think the subject has been discussed about as much as is useful for now, and we'll not be accepting any more letters on it at this time.
Relations with China
SIR: In reply to Robert Lo Presti's letter (C&EN, Aug. 13, pages 32 & 30) on relations with China, I seem to recall that during World War II, the U.S. Government found it necessary to back a warning radio series titled "You Can't Do Business with Hitler"—and that up to the date of Pearl Harbor, a number of prominent and patriotic Americans, including Col. Charles Lindbergh (see his recently published diaries), found good acceptance in the business
Pfaltz and Bauer, Inc. 34 Long Island Advertising Company
Philips Electronic Instruments 35 J&M Condon Inc.
Phillips Petroleum Corporation . . . . 18 Barickman Advertising, Inc.
PICCO 15 Reeds and Farris
Regis Chemical Company 34 Dick Loew & Associates
Rohm and Haas Company 12 APCL&KInc.
Swift Chemical Co., Div. of Swift & Co : 17
Howard H. Monk and Associates, Inc.
Union Carbide-Linde 23 Young & Rubicam International
Inc.
Ventron Corporation 1 Impact Advertising Incorporated
Westvaco 7 McCaffrey and McCall, Inc.
DIRECTORIES Chemicals Exchange 46 Classified Advertising 38-46 Technical Services 46
• • • Advertising management for the
American Chemical Society Publications
CENTCOM, LTD. 142 EAST AVENUE
NORWALK, CONN 06851 (AREA CODE 203) 853-4488
community for pro-German views. Remember that Hitler was one of the most vocal anti-Communists of the 1930's.
If Lo Presti wishes to cite historical parallels, he'd better do a bit of historical literature survey.
G. F. Atkinson Associate Professor, University of Water
loo, Waterloo, Ont.
Oh polywater, polywater SIR: Oh polywater, polywater For whom the bells have tolled, You've gone the same way others have, Who pondered lead to gold. C&EN does say no, 'Cause now Derjaguin agrees (C&EN, July
16, page 13) So here in 1973 They've brought you to your knees. A chap named Cherkin does brighten up While peering through his monocle, "Why silicon it surely must be, Because it is so logical!" (C&EN, Aug. 20,
page 40) We must recall the six reports Which helped to do you in, The only elements not found in you Were silicon . . . and tin. Oh polywater, polywater We admire your persistence, Is our admiration owed to you Or to your nonexistence?
, —Anomalous P. A. Christian L. H. Berka
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass.
SALES REPRESENTATIVES Atlanta . . . Robert E. Moran, CENTCOM, Ltd.,
Phone WX 2586 Boston . . . Robert E. Kelchner, CENTCOM,
Ltd., Phone ENT 2108 Chicago 60093 . . . C. Douglas Wallach, CENT
COM, Ltd., 540 Frontage Rd., Northfield, III. (Area Code 312) 441-6383
Cleveland . . . Donald Hanson, CENTCOM, Ltd., Century Bldg., 17 East Orange Street, Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44022 (Area Code 216) 247-7576
Dallas . . . Benjamin W. Jones, CENTCOM, Ltd., (Area Code 215) 643-2586
Denver . . Clay S. Holden, CENTCOM, Ltd., (Area Code 213) 776-0552
Houston . . . Benjamin W. Jones, CENTCOM, Ltd., Phone ENT 70124
Los Angeles 90045 . . . Clay S. Holden, CENTCOM, Ltd., 8820 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 215, (Area Code 213) 776-0552
New York 10017 . . . John H. Wolfe, CENTCOM, Ltd., 60 East 42nd Street, (Area Code 212) 972-9660
Norwalk 06851 . . . Robert E. Kelchner, CENTCOM, Ltd., 142 East Avenue (Area Code 203) 853-4488
Philadelphia 19034 . . . Benjamin W. Jones, CENTCOM, Ltd., 535 Pennsylvania Avenue, Fort Washington, Pa., (Area Code 215) 643-2586
San Francisco . . . Clay S. Holden, CENTCOM, Ltd., (Area Code 213) 776-0552
Great Britain and Western Europe . . . Brayton, Nichols, The American Magazine Group, 9 Warwick Street, London W.1, England, Telephone 437-5462
Japan . . . Haruo Moribayashi, International Media Representatives, Ltd., 1, Shibe-Kotohiracho, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Telephone 502-0656
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Production Director Joseph P. Stenza
Production Assistant Donna C. Bifano
Classified Advertising Theba Bedock
Oct. 1, 1973 C&EN 47
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