Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1):...

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Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014

Transcript of Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1):...

Page 1: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Lecture 3:Resistive Circuits & Nodal AnalysisNilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4

ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I

Summer 1 2014

June 25, 2014

Page 2: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Overview

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 3: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Voltage Divider

• One voltage supply, multiple voltage levels

Page 4: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Load

• RL = load = 1+ circuit elements that draw power from circuit– May alter voltage across parallel element

– But not if RL >> R2

Page 5: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

Page 6: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

• Wheatstone Bridge– 2 voltage dividers in parallel

Page 7: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Overview

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 8: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Current Divider

• One current supply, multiple current levels

Page 9: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

Page 10: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

• Similar analysis

Page 11: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Overview

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 12: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Voltage Division

• Generalization of voltage divider circuit

Page 13: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Current Division

• Generalization of current divider circuit

Page 14: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

Page 15: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Overview

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 16: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Unable to get Req

• For example, Wheatstone bridge circuit (below) cannot be simplified with standard parallel/series rules

• Must use circuit transformation

Page 17: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Defining Delta/Pi and Y/T

Δ

Y T

π

Page 18: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Delta-to-Wye Circuit Transformation

• Equivalent resistance between nodes• Note: resistor values are NOT THE SAME

Page 19: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Apply to Wheatstone Bridge

Page 20: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Recap

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 21: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Planar Circuit

Planar Not Planar

Nodal good for eitherMesh good for planar

Page 22: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Identify

• Node• Essential Node• Path• Branch• Essential Branch• Loop• Mesh

Page 23: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Simultaneous Equations

• How many unknown currents? • How many equations needed?

Page 24: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Node Voltage Method – Setting Up

• Identify essential nodes• Define reference node• Apply KCL to each non-reference node,

express current in terms of node voltages• Solve simultaneous equations

Page 25: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Node Equations

Page 26: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

Page 27: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Overview

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 28: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Dependent Sources

• Only need to add equation to describe relationship of the dependent source

Page 29: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

Page 30: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Overview

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases

Page 31: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Source Between Essential Nodes

Page 32: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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w/Dependent Source

Page 33: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Supernode

Page 34: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Example

Page 35: Lecture 3: Resistive Circuits & Nodal Analysis Nilsson 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 4.1-4.4 ENG17 (Sec. 1): Circuits I Summer 1 2014 1 June 25, 2014.

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Recap

• Voltage Divider• Current Divider• Voltage / Current Division• Δ-to-Y Equivalent

Circuits• Node Voltage Method• NVM w/Dependent

Sources• NVM Special Cases