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at Bell Labs along with Unix. Many Unix operating systems include troff, but not necessarily the drivers needed to print troff-processed files on laser printers or phototypesetters. Tplus provides a troff driver for several laser and dot matrix printers and for photo-typesetters. In addition, Tplus works under MS-DOS as well as Unix. Tplus can be used for true typesetting and can incorporate a variety of graphics from bit-mapped files. Troff uses an ML called eqn to create complex math­ematical equations, and it has many of the capabilities of TEX. AT&T Bell Laboratories has developed a troff pre­processor called chem, which uses a text-based language similar to troff s pic module, for creating chemical structure diagrams (Bentley, J. L.; Je-linsky, L. W.; Kernighan, B. W. Com­puters & Chemistry, in press).

Volkswriter Scientific Volkswriter Scientific allows the user to see on screen the effect of micropro-portional spacing and microjustifica­tion as it will appear in the printed doc­ument. The program is a different package from Lifetree's other well-known word processors but, as with the others, the on-screen help menus are readily accessible via the F l function key. As with other WYSIWYG word processors, Volkswriter Scientific can access a range of special symbols and characters to create text with math. They are accessed by preceding a key­board character with a " \ " or " ' " key. For example, all of the lower case Greek characters are addressed by pre­ceding a lower case letter with the " \ " key. The program does not have a font editor, so the user must be satisfied with the available special characters that come with the program. The pro­gram has a limited set of type styles that include medium, bold, bold italic, and underline. When mathematical equations or molecular formulas are entered, the screen is limited to five half-line levels (two superscripts and two subscripts) to create the equation or formula as a single entity. Special characters, such as a large integral sign or the brackets for a matrix, are built up in pieces. Corrections in spacing be­tween characters are made by micro­spacing by Vi4 of an "em" space. Rudi­mentary chemical structure drawings can be created using the limited set of special characters for drawing bonds. Drawings representing dimensionality are difficult or impossible to achieve because of the limited chemical fonts. However, the program does have a macro facility that allows the user to store created structures or formulas for later recall.

WIMP WIMP is a chemical structure drawing

package developed by Professor How­ard Whitlock at the University of Wis­consin, Madison, for drawing struc­tures and reaction schemes for research reports, manuscripts, and presenta­tions. Aldrich Chemical Company is using the program to produce the Al-drichimica Acta and the Aldrich Cata­log of Fine Chemicals, as well as other Aldrich publications. WIMP treats the screen as a window onto a sheet of pa­per that accommodates large reaction schemes. Structures are drawn using a mouse or the keyboard numeric keypad either freehand or by using geometric grids as a guide. The structures are stored as vector coordinates. In the editing mode, structures can be copied or called from disk, rotated, merged, or docked with other structures, and in­verted, moved, and scaled. The pro­gram can create a variety of bond types, including single or multiple, hatched, thick, wedged, or jagged, and it can ac­cess a number of structure templates including 3-9 membered rings, cyclo-hexane conformations, and aromatic benzene, phenyl, and cyclopenta-dienyl. By using the "rubber band" fea­ture, structures can be redrawn into new configurations. Atom positions and captions can be printed with a vari­ety of fonts and point sizes. WIMP is available in two versions: WIMP (for HPGL-compatible pen-plotter output) or LaserWIMP (for plotter or Apple LaserWriter printer output). Laser­WIMP has three-page editor programs that perform proofreading and page composition tasks. WIMPlates, which contains a library of approximately 450 structure backbones and functional group fragments, and Lab Gallery, an assortment of laboratory glassware and apparatus templates, also are available for use with WIMP. Structure output from WIMP can be used as input into Aldus PageMaker, a page composition program.

WordMARC

Distributed word processing is possible with WordMARC, because the version of the program that runs on host com­puters, such as the Vax with VMS or Unix operating systems, is functionally identical to those for the IBM PC or PC-compatible. With LinkMARC, a communications program, the user can transfer files among computers with­out losing any of the formatting or technical character data. WordMARC is a WYSIWYG word processor that requires a graphics card to view Greek, math, and chemistry characters. These characters are accessed via alternate keyboards using sequences of function keys on the computer. The program supports many European languages and includes automatic hyphenation for a number of languages besides En­glish. It has a spelling checker; it can

1046 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 59, NO. 17, SEPTEMBER 1, 1987