Aminokiseline kao gradivne jedinice proteina

Nemaju biološku aktivnostUlaze u sastav proteinaProteios (prvi, najvažniji)1908. – asparagin20 aminokiselinaα-aminokiselineL- oblici

NH2

R - C - H

COOH

CHO

HO - C - H

CH2OH

L-gliceraldehid

Podela:

1. sa nepolarnim (hidrofobnim ) bocnim nizom

H-CH-COOH

NH2

glicin (Gly)

CH3-CH-COOH

NH2

alanin (Ala)

CH3-CH-CH-COOH

CH3 NH2

valin (Val)

CH3-CH-CH2-CH-COOH

CH3 NH2

leucin (Leu)

CH3CH2CH-CH-COOH

CH3NH2

izoleucin (Ile)

CH2 CH2

CH2 CH

NH

-COOH

prolin (Pro)

2. sa aromaticnim bocnim nizom-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

fenialanin (Phe)

HO- -CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

tirozin (Tyr)N

H

-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

triptofan (Trp)

3. sa baznim bocnim nizom

H2N(CH2)4CH-COOH

NH2

lizin (Lys)

H2N-C-NH(CH2)3-CH-COOHNH NH2

arginin (Arg)

N

NH

-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

histidin (His)

4. sa kiselinskim ostatkom u bocnom nizu

HOOC-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

asparaginska kiselina (Asp)

HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2glutaminska kiselina (Glu)

5. sa amidnim ostatkom u bocnom nizu

H2N-C-CH2-CH-COOHO NH2

asparagin (Asn)

H2N-C-CH2-CH2-CH-COOHO NH2

glutamin (Gln)

6. sa -OH grupom u bocnom nizu

HO-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

serin (Ser)

HO-CH-CH-COOH

CH3 NH2

treonin (Thr)

7. sa S u bocnom nizu

HS-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

cistein (Cys)

CH3-S-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH

NH2

metionin (Met)

Retke aminokiseline:

retke aminokiseline- 5-hidroksilizin

H2N-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH

OH NH2

Esencijalne aminokiseline,10, unose se hranom