GLOBALIES CIT - Loughborough University · The world of γ cities GLOBALIES CIT Global developments...

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CHICAGO CH_61.60 PARIS PA_68.28 DUBAI DU_61.36 SHANGAI SH_62.70 HONG KONG HK_72,96 TOKIO TK_63.75 SINGAPORE SG_67.46 SYDNEY SY_61,06 NEW YORK NY_94.35 LONDON LN_100 MEXICO CITY MX_52.50 WASHINGTON WC_47.51 MUMBAI MB_55.16 MILAN MI_58.86 MADRID MD_55.23 KUALA L. KL_49.88 JAKARTA JK_48.87 S. FRANCISCO SF_48.76 LOS ANGELES LA_55.11 TORONTO TR_58.26 BUENOS AIRES BA_50.15 SAO PAULO SP_55.73 BRUSSELS BR_49.74 AMSTERDAM AM_51.85 FRANKFURT FR_52.61 MOSCOW MS_54.29 BEIJING BJ_58.37 SEOUL SU_49.78 BANGKOK BK_41.71 JOHANNESB. JB_40.41 MIAMI MI_46.20 SANTIAGO SA_41.41 LISBON LB_40.59 BARCELONA BC_42.31 ZURICH ZU_44.54 VIENNA VI_42.51 DALLAS DA_42.96 ATLANTA AT_42.45 PHILADELPHIA PH_40.42 BOSTON BS_43.35 DUBLIN DB_45.39 WARSAW WS_43.00 MUNICH MU_43.70 ISTAMBUL IS_43.40 NEW DELHI ND_44.38 TAIPEI TP_41.65 MELBOURNE ME_45.33 HOUSTON HS_37.17 BOGOTA BG_35.62 ROME RM_38.10 ATHENS AS_36.77 CAIRO CA_36.42 VANCOUVER VN_35.61 MONTREAL MT_38.13 DUSSELDORF DS_38.91 HAMBURG HB_37.30 BERLIN BL_36.83 PRAGUE PR_38.50 COPENHAGEN CP_36.57 STOCKHOLM SK_38.53 MANILA MN_37.20 BANGALORE BN_36.58 TEL AVIV TA_36.59 LIMA LM_31.05 CARACAS CR_33.97 MONTEVIDEO MV_30.45 CAPE TOWN CT_30.69 GUANGZHOU GZ_34.12 CHENNAI CN_32.81 RIYADH RY_30.51 SEATTLE SE_34.01 MINNEAPOLIS MP_30.34 MANCHESTER MC_31.43 LUXEMBOURG LX_34.56 OSLO OS_33.51 BUDAPEST BD_34.91 BUCHAREST BU_32.38 KIEV KV_33.38 BEIRUT BT_34.74 KARACHI KR_31.21 HO CHI MINH HC_33.86 AUCKLAND AK_33.53 CALGARY CG_25.36 SAN DIEGO SD_26.07 MONTERREY MY_27.81 GUATEMALA GT_25.30 PANAMA PN_26.14 RIO JANEIRO RJ_29.48 SAN JUAN SN_25.45 CASABLANCA CS_27.44 LAGOS LG_25.88 BRATISLAVA BV_27.55 GENEVA GN_28.59 SOFIA SO_26.91 NICOSIA NC_29.58 BRISBANE BB_28.98 PERTH PE_25.82 PORT LOUIS PL_27.44 DENVER DV_27.90 DETROIT DT_28.43 ST. LOUIS SL_26.74 CLEVELAND CV_25.74 BIRMINGHAM BM_29.51 COLOGNE CO_26.82 STUTTGART ST_27.10 HELSINKI HL_26.73 MANAMA MM_27.11 ABU DHABI AB_29.84 CALCUTTA CC_28.47 SHENZHEN SZ_25.80 OSAKA OK_25.20 SAN JOSE 23.14 SAN JOSE 23.03 CHARLOTTE 24.33 BRISTOL 24.62 TUNIS 23.05 PORTLAND 23.26 BALTIMORE 23.64 GLASGOW 24.94 EDINBURGH 23.56 ANTWERP 23.76 ZAGREB 23.40 AMMAN 23.48 RIGA 23.00 BELGRADE 23.24 NAIROBI 24.66 JEDDAH 23.58 DOHA 23.67 KUWAIT 23.28 LAHORE 23.67 ADELAIDE 23.32 HANOI 24.57 HYDERABAD 23.43 CINCINATTI 24.50 QUITO 22.46 TAMPA 20.85 SANTO DOMINGO 22.33 VALENCIA 22.92 LYON 22.55 ALMATY 22.56 SAN SALVADOR 21.41 GUADALAJARA 22.55 PHOENIX 22.77 EDMONTON 20.00 KANSAS CITY 22.79 INDIANAPOLIS 20.28 COLUMBUS 20.38 PITTSBURGH 20.25 LEEDS 22.36 ROTTERDAM 20.91 VILNIUS 21.13 ST. PETERSB. 22.45 AUSTIN 18.47 MILWAUKEE 18.29 RICHMOND 18.85 OTTAWA 19.16 PORTO 19.78 GOTHEN. 19.45 TALLIN 19.97 BELFAST 18.44 SOUTHAMP. 18.33 ACCRA 18.10 MARSEILLE 19.41 TURIN 18.37 LJUBLJANA 18.92 MUSCAT 18.56 PUNE 19.84 DURBAN 18.52 COLOMBO 19.06 WELLINGTON 18.29 ISLAMABAD 18.85 NAGOYA 18.40 ORLANDO 19.51 CURITIBA 18.16 TEGUCIGALPA 18.88 GUAYAQUIL 18.41 PORTO ALEGRE 19.77 The world of α cities The world of β cities The world of γ cities GLOBAL CITIES Global developments have had an increasing impact on contemporary cities, regions and territories from the societal, economical and geographical points of view. Since 1998 the impact of word cities into globalization has been extensively studied by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network. 1 GaWC provides a geographic and economic-based overview of the world and its evolving configuration. Particularly relevant in this discourse is its categorization of world cities into α, β and γ tiers 2 , based upon their international connectedness. 3 If the world is observed from the point of view of the connectivity of the world cities, a new image emerges, where each city is virtually oriented to other cities of the same level of inter-connectivity. National or continental maps give way to a new world configuration intended as an archipelago, where each city appears utterly separated from its geographical surrounding and closer to other cities of same level. The leading parameters for the new configuration are based on mutual connections, primarily in the global economic system. The atlas shows the world cities according to the GaWC categorization of 2010. From this, a new configuration emerges, where expected national and local boundaries are presented in their real disposition based upon their international connectedness. α ++ cities α cities α + cities α - cities β + cities γ + cities β cities γ cities β - cities γ - cities Sources: - Clasification of cities: Classification of GaWC 2010. Geography Department, Loughborough University. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/ world2010t.html - Global network connectivity scores 2010: Geography Department, Loughborough University. - City codes: GaWC Research Bulletin 355. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/ rb/rb355.html α ++ city α + city α city α - city connection with α group city β + city β city β - city connection with β group city γ + city γ city γ - city 1. GaWC is a research network based in the Geography Department at Loughborough University (UK), founded by Peter J. Taylor in 1998 . GaWC studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization. http://www.lboro.ac.uk. 2. The classification is based upon the office networks of 100 advanced producer service firms in 315 cities. Cf. GaWC Research Bulletin 43. http:// www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2000.html. 3. Definition is from: Taylor, Peter J. (2004). World city network: a global urban analysis. Routledge. Shape of connectivity amongst world cities of same tier and Proportional Global Network Connectivity (GNC) Scores 2010, according to GaWC Map of Global Cities 2010. The map clearly shows areas of the world rather dense and others almost irrelevant in terms of world city connectivity IN HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT according to GaWC © 2012

Transcript of GLOBALIES CIT - Loughborough University · The world of γ cities GLOBALIES CIT Global developments...

Page 1: GLOBALIES CIT - Loughborough University · The world of γ cities GLOBALIES CIT Global developments have had an increasing impact on contemporary cities, regions and territories from

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The world of α cities

The world of β cities

The world of γ cities

GLOBAL CITIESGlobal developments have had an increasing impact on contemporary cities, regions and territories from the societal, economical and geographical points of view. Since 1998 the impact of word cities into globalization has been extensively studied by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network.1

GaWC provides a geographic and economic-based overview of the world and its evolving configuration. Particularly relevant in this discourse is its categorization of world cities into α, β and γ tiers2, based upon their international connectedness.3

If the world is observed from the point of view of the connectivity of the world cities, a new image emerges, where each city is virtually oriented to other cities of the same level of inter-connectivity. National or continental maps give way to a new world configuration intended as an archipelago, where each city appears utterly separated from its geographical surrounding and closer to other cities of same level. The leading parameters for the new configuration are based on mutual connections, primarily in the global economic system.

The atlas shows the world cities according to the GaWC categorization of 2010. From this, a new configuration emerges, where expected national and local boundaries are presented in their real disposition based upon their international connectedness.

α++ cities

α cities

α+ cities

α-cities

β+ cities

γ+ cities

β cities

γ cities

β- cities

γ- cities

Sources:- Clasification of cities: Classification of GaWC 2010. Geography Department, Loughborough University. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/ world2010t.html- Global network connectivity scores 2010: Geography Department, Loughborough University.- City codes: GaWC Research Bulletin 355. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/ rb/rb355.html

α++ city

α+ city

α city

α- city

connection with α group city

β+ city

β city

β- cityconnection with β group cityγ+ city

γ city

γ- city

1. GaWC is a research network based in the Geography Department at Loughborough University (UK), founded by Peter J. Taylor in 1998 . GaWC studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization. http://www.lboro.ac.uk.2. The classification is based upon the office networks of 100 advanced producer service firms in 315 cities. Cf. GaWC Research Bulletin 43. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2000.html. 3. Definition is from: Taylor, Peter J. (2004). World city network: a global urban analysis. Routledge.

Shape of connectivity amongst world cities of same tier and Proportional Global Network Connectivity (GNC) Scores 2010, according to GaWC

Map of Global Cities 2010. The map clearly shows areas of the world rather dense and others almost irrelevant in terms of world city connectivity

IN HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT

accordingto GaWC

©

2012