Funkcionalna hrana i

zdravlje kožeStribor Marković

Beauty is only skin deep

Slučaj 1 – gama linolenska kiselina

Ulja bogata gama linolenskom

kiselinom

Ulje γ-linolenska α-linolenska linolna stearidonskanoćurak 7,0-14,0% max 0,5% 65,0-85,0% -boražina 17,0-27,0% max 0,5% 30,0-41,0% -crni ribiz 11,0-18,0% 11,0-18,0% 44,0-54,0% 2,0-4,0%trputasta lisičina

7,0-14,0% 30,0-40,0% 10,0-20,0% 10,0-17,0%

konoplja 1,0-5,0% 14,0-28,0% 46,0-65,0% -

Primjena

Suha koža i atopija (smanjenje TEWL)

Neujednačene doze

Od 50mg do višegramskih količina; preporuka 200-300mg GLA dnevno

Provjeriti unos omega-3 kiselina u prehrani (orasi, lan, chia; ulja bogata ALA,

riblji obrok 1-2x tjedno)

Postoji individualna varijacija

Polimorfizmi u FADS klasteru (desaturaze) mogu biti povezani s DGLA/AA

odnosom u organizmu

« one size fits all » ne vrijedi za GLA suplementaciju ali u nedostatku biokemijskih

pretraga sve ostaje na empiriji

Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes. Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 15;785:77-86

Individualizacija

Slučaj 2: astaksantin

Karotenoid

Nije prekursor vitamina A

Protektivni pigment nekih školjkaša uključujući i kril, te algi poput

Haematococcus koji je i glavni komercijalni izvor

Astaksantin mehanizam

Utjecaj na imunološki sustav, protekcija krvožilnog sustava i utjecaj na

kolesterol su odlike koje ga razlikuju od beta karotena

U organizmima koji ga stvaraju protektor je od intezivnog svjetla i UV no

mehanizma nije puka apsorpcija određenih valnih duljina

Mehanizam djelovanja je kompleksni, SP-1 i NR-1 transkripcijski faktori su

uključeni i vjerojatno korigiraju posljedice UV zračenja

Slabo pokriveno kliničkim studijama, konsenzus doze od 10-20mg

Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential. Kidd P.Altern Med Rev. 2011 Dec;16(4):355-64

Slučaj 3: Polypodium leucotomos

9

Sun protection in a pill: the photoprotective properties of Polypodiumleucotomos extract. El-Haj N, Goldstein N. Int J Dermatol. 2015

Mar;54(3):362-6.

• Phlebodium aureum (L.) J.Sm.

• sadrži derivate kavene i ferulične kiseline

• biljka korištena u tradicionalnoj

terapiji za druge namjene (dišne tegobe, tegobe srca...)

• kompleksni mehanizam

djelovanja

Polypodium leucotomos II

10

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12 8469

Table 1. Summary of the photoprotective effects of PL.

Effect Reference

DNA

Prevents formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers; [30]

Inhibits basal oxidative damage (marker, 8-hydroxy-2’-

deoxyguanosine);

[30]

Blocks damage to mitochondrial DNA. [31]

Inflammation

Prevents sunburn and erythema; [24,27,29]

Blocks TNFα, iNOS, AP-1, NF-κB; [32]

Inhibits expression of COX-2; [30]

Prevents apoptosis. [32,33]

Immunosuppression

Blocks t-UCA isomerization; [34]

Enhances natural antioxidant systems; [35]

Prevents depletion of Langerhans cells;

Preserves LC function.

[27,29,35]

[36]

Other cellular effects

Blocks lipid peroxidation; [37]

Inhibits cytoskeletal disarray and MMP expression and

activation.

[38,39]

3.2.1. DNA Photoprotection

Administered in oral form, PL inhibits DNA damage and mutagenesis. PL prevented the

UV-induced accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in a mouse model [30] and also in a

small-sample clinical study with healthy human volunteers [29]. This may be due to an improved

function of the DNA repair systems, perhaps due to decreased oxidative damage [40]. It also reduced

basal oxidative damage, as shown by the reduction in the percentage of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine-

positive cells [30]. These effects likely result in the observed improvement. Finally, another small-sample

clinical study has revealed that PL decreases UVA-dependent mitochondrial DNA damage as

evidenced by decreased “common deletion” (CD) [31], which is a mitochondrial marker of chronic

UVA radiation in fibroblasts and keratinocytes [41].

3.2.2. Anti-Inflammatory Activity

There is also evidence of the anti-inflammatory properties of PL. PL prevented sunburn and

erythema in UV-treated human skin [24,27,29], and also in psoralen-UVA (PUVA)-based

therapy [28], which is often used in the treatment of psoriasis, vitiligo and other inflammatory skin

conditions [42,43]. The molecular basis of its anti-inflammatory properties can be explained in terms

of its ability to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and markers, e.g., TNFalpha

and iNOS [32], among others. This is consistent with its ability to block the transcriptional activation

of AP-1 and NF-κB induced by UV radiation [32]. Importantly, PL inhibits UV-induced expression of

COX-2 [30]. This is important as COX-2 induces the synthesis of PGI2, which is a potent inducer of

vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation [44]. Together, these effects account for decreased

leukocyte extravasation and presence of mast cells in the irradiated area [29]. PL also inhibits

apoptosis and cell death of the cells that populate the layers of the skin, e.g., fibroblasts and

keratinocytes [32,33], which would otherwise result in a local inflammatory response.

Fernblock, a nutriceutical with photoprotective properties and potential preventive agent for skin photoaging and photoinduced skin cancers.

Gonzalez S, Gilaberte Y, Philips N, Juarranz A. Int J Mol Sci.

2011;12(12):8466-75

300-900mg

dnevno

ekstrakta