Error Ellipses - Earth-timeearth-time.org/projects/upb/public_docs/ErrorEllipses.pdfMicrosoft Word -...

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Error Ellipses Input: one sigma uncertainty in the xdirection: σx onesigma uncertainty in the ydirection: σy correlation coefficient ρxy center of the ellipse: (x,y) aspect ratio of the plot: (y/vertical plot length)/(x/horizontal plot length) 1) Calculate the covariance between x and y: ݕݔߪ ݕݔߩ ݔߪ ݕߪ2) Construct the covariance matrix: ݒ ݐൌቆ ݔߪ ݕݔߪ ݕݔߪݕߪ3) Calculate the lengths of the ellipse axes, which are the square root of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix: ݒݒݑݏሺሻ 4) Calculate the counterclockwise rotation (θ) of the ellipse: ߠ1 2 Tan 1 ݏݎݐݐ ൰൬ 2 ݕݔߪݔߪݕߪ൰൨ 5) To create a 95% confidence ellipse from the 1σ error ellipse, we must enlarge it by a factor of ݏݐ ݎൌ 2.4477. 6) Plot the ellipse: 7a) Plot an ellipse with semimajor and semimonor axes parallel to the xand yaxes of the graph, centered at (x,y). These axis lengths are the square roots of the eigenvalues. The larger eigenvalue belongs to the axis with the larger uncertainty: If σx> σy semimajor axis length parallel to x = sqrt(maximum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor semiminor axis length parallel to y = sqrt(minimum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor If σy> σx semiminor axis length parallel to x = sqrt(minimum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor semimajor axis length parallel to y = sqrt(maximum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor 7b) Rotate the ellipse θ radians counterclockwise from its original orientation.

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Error Ellipses 

Input:   one sigma uncertainty in the x‐direction: σx 

  one‐sigma uncertainty in the y‐direction: σy 

  correlation coefficient ρxy 

  center of the ellipse: (x,y) 

  aspect ratio of the plot: (∆y/vertical plot length)/(∆x/horizontal plot length) 

1)  Calculate the covariance between x and y: 

 

2)  Construct the covariance matrix: 

 

3)  Calculate the lengths of the ellipse axes, which are the square root of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix: 

 

4)  Calculate the counter‐clockwise rotation (θ) of the ellipse: 

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Tan1 2

 

5)  To create a 95% confidence ellipse from the 1σ error ellipse, we must enlarge it by a factor of 2.4477. 

6)  Plot the ellipse: 

7a)  Plot an ellipse with semi‐major and semi‐monor axes parallel to the x‐ and y‐axes of the graph, centered at (x,y).  These axis lengths are the square roots of the eigenvalues.  The larger eigenvalue belongs to the axis with the larger uncertainty: 

If σx > σy  semi‐major axis length parallel to  x = sqrt(maximum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor 

    semi‐minor axis length parallel to y = sqrt(minimum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor 

If σy > σx   semi‐minor axis length parallel to x = sqrt(minimum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor 

    semi‐major axis length parallel to y = sqrt(maximum(eigenvalues))*scalefactor 

7b)  Rotate the ellipse θ radians counter‐clockwise from its original orientation.