ConsonantsThe stops and continuants

Chapter five

Voiced and voiceless consonants• You have vibration at your throat while

producing voiced consonants.

• Voiceless: /p/, /t/, /k/,/f/, /s/, /θ/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /h/ • Voiced: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ð/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/

1- The stop consonants • /p/, /b/ Stop the airflow by holding your lips together. Then part

the lips quickly to release the airflow with sudden pressure.

• /t/,/d/ Place your tongue tip on the alveolar ridge to stop the

airflow. Then lower the tip sharply to release the airflow

• /k/,/g/ Raise the back of your tongue against the palate to stop

the airflow. Drop the tongue quickly to release the airflow with sudden pressure.

Aspiration with the stops

• At the beginning of words, stop consonants are released with a slight burst of air. The sound of air produced is called aspiration.

ten-den pin- bin come-gum

• At the end of words stop consonants are not aspirated. They are released softly

At add cap cab back bag

Page 5.6

• Middle stop consonant is aspirated when it begins a stressed syllable

Appear-upper occur-acre Upon-open become-backup

Practice pages 5.8- 5.10

Linking: consonants with consonants • In English speech, identical consonants

between words are produced as one. Good day what time? Take care

• To link different stop consonants hold the airflow on the first one and release it on the second.

Big time lap top neck tie

Page: 5.11

The suffix –ed • The suffix –ed is pronounced /t/ after

voiceless consonants and /d/ after voiced consonants.

Backed bagged roped robed

Page 5.11 Page 5.17 (very important)

2- Continuant consonants • /θ/, /ð/ The tongue is flattened. Raise the sides against

the upper side teeth. Place the tongue tip below the upper front teeth. The airflow must be continuous.

/θ/ thank, thick, bath /ð/ this, that, those

Pages: 5.19-5.22

Sound clusters

• When /θ/ follows /n/, place the tongue tip for /n/ in the same place as /θ/. With the tongue tip between the upper and the lower teeth.

7th, 9th, 10th, 11th.

2- Continuant consonants • /f/,/v/ Place the bottom lip under the front upper

teeth, allowing a passage for a continuous airflow.

Face- vase leaf-leave safe-save

• Suffix –s -s is voiceless after /f/, and it is voiced after /v/

Proofs- proves safes- saves waifs-waves

Page: 5.27

Thank you