CITY PARKING IN EUROPE INTERREG IIIC THE “UNIQUE” PARKING PHENOMENON OF ATHENS. NEW PARKING...

CITY PARKING IN EUROPE INTERREG IIIC

THE “UNIQUE” PARKING PHENOMENON OF ATHENS.

NEW PARKING POLICY PROSPECTS.

John M. Frantzeskakis Professor Emeritus, National Technical University of Athens

WORKSHOP

“PARKING IN THE URBAN CENTRES: MANAGEMENT,

POLICIES & PROPOSALS”

Athens, June 19, 2006

S.A. Development and Engineering Consultants

Α. INTRODUCTION 1. Contents • Positive and Negative Factors and Actions • Present Situation. The Problems • The New Prospects • Application in the Municipalities of Athens and Maroussi in the

Greater Athens Area

J.M. Frantzeskakis, DENCO S.A. “NEW PARKING POLICY PROSPECTS IN ATHENS. PILOT ACTIONS IN THE CITY CENTRE” INTERREG IIIC 2

2. Scope • Give an Introductory Overview of the “Unique” Phenomenon of

Parking in the Greek Cities and Especially in the Greater Athens Area

• Stress the Reasons for the Many Failures and Few Successes • Present the New Prospects Illustrated by Two Applications

B. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE FACTORS & ACTIONS (1 of 4)

1. Specialized Personnel, Expertise & Studies/Designs • Availability of Traffic Engineers and Other Experts • Participation in EU Research (e.g. Program “PARKMAN”)• Large Number of Parking Studies and Proposals by Greek and

Foreign Consultants – 1964 – 1974: Ministry of Public Works, Consultant W. Smith &

Associates – 1979: Planning and Programming of Garages in Athens & Piraeus – Hundreds of Subsequent Studies/Designs by Greek Consultants.

Few Implemented

2. Legal Framework • Presidential Degree ΠΔ455/1975. Prerequisites for Founding

and Operating Parking Garages • Law N 960/1979. Defining Minimum Parking Requirements for

New Buildings. Wrong Application. • Large Number of Subsequent Laws/Presidential

Decrees/Ministers’ Decisions on All Aspects of Parking J.M. Frantzeskakis, DENCO S.A. “NEW PARKING POLICY PROSPECTS IN ATHENS. PILOT ACTIONS IN THE CITY CENTRE” INTERREG IIIC 3


3. Special Parking Authority

Special Service of Public Works for Parking Garages

(ΕΥΔΕ-ΣΑ, now ΕΥΔΕΚ), Founded 1984. With the aid of Consultants, ΕΥΔΕΚ Prepared More than 100 Reports Covering Planning, Programming, Studying and Supervising Implementation of Garages (Figure 1) as well as other Activities Related to Parking like:

– Data bases for Athens, Piraeus, Thessaloniki – Studies on Parking Demand and Characteristics – Programs of Systematic Selective Police Enforcement

(Successful Short-term Applications in 1990 and 1994) – Assistance for Preparation of Laws etc. – Technical and Legal Help to Municipalities and Other

Authorities for Designing and Tendering Garages J.M. Frantzeskakis, DENCO S.A. “NEW PARKING POLICY PROSPECTS IN ATHENS. PILOT ACTIONS IN THE CITY CENTRE” INTERREG IIIC 4

5

Fig. 1: Construction of Garages in Athens. Ministry of Environment, Planning and Public Works (ΕΥΔΕΚ). 1996 – 2006

4. Large Number of Other Related Authorities • Municipalities & Prefectures. Garages and Controlled On-

street Parking in their Jurisdiction • ATTIKO METRO. Park and Ride at Metro Stations • Traffic Police. Enforcement etc. • Overlapping and Lack of Coordination. Need for a

Metropolitan Town Planning and Transport Authority


5. Studies and Designs • Preliminary Designs and Traffic Impact Studies for All

Programmed Garages (Authorities and Consultants)• Final Designs for Garages Tendered (Authorities, Consultants,

Contractors)• Controlled On-street Parking (Authorities and Operators) J.M. Frantzeskakis, DENCO S.A. “NEW PARKING POLICY PROSPECTS IN ATHENS. PILOT ACTIONS IN THE CITY CENTRE” INTERREG IIIC 6


6. Financing, Implementation and Operation of Garages • Private Initiative

– Government Subsidy – Uncertainty due to Illegal Parking

• Public Financing, Construction by Contractors, Operation by:– Authorities (mainly Municipalities) – Contractors – Operators Very slow progress due to lack of money

• Concession Contracts – Government Subsidy – Uncertainty due to Illegal Parking

7. Controlled On-street Parking• A Good Start• The Legal Implications • Failure of Police Enforcement J.M. Frantzeskakis, DENCO S.A. “NEW PARKING POLICY PROSPECTS IN ATHENS. PILOT ACTIONS IN THE CITY CENTRE” INTERREG IIIC 7


C. PRESENT SITUATION. THE PROBLEMS 1. Lack of Parking Spaces, Growing due to:

a. Increase of Car Ownership

b. Decrease of On-street Parking Spaces due to:

- Decrease of Illegal Parking (Police Enforcement, Obstacles)

- Pedestrianizations • Increase of Off-street Parking (New Garages) Inadequate to

Cover Parking Demand• Garages are not Fully Occupied During Parking Peaks due to

Illegal On-street Parking • Illegally Parked Vehicles, Some at Critical Locations (Traffic

Lights, Corners, Bus-stops etc.), Reduce Capacity and Safety• Severe Lack of Parking Space in Densely Build-up Areas (Fig.

2)

Fig. 2: The Parking Problem of Residents


D. THE NEW PROSPECTS (1 of 2) 1. Central Areas • Implementation of Controlled On-street Parking

– Complete Banning of Illegal Parking. Considerable Increase of Road Capacity

– Reduction of Long-term Parking. Favoring Short-term Parking – Adequate Parking to Residents

• Acceleration of Construction of Garages by Private Investors and Concession Contracts

– Increasing Interest by Private Investors due to: • Increasing Demand (car ownership, new activities added)

• Decreasing Supply (banning of illegal parking)

• Improvement of Mass Transportation to Reduce the Use of Private Cars and the Traffic Flows Below the Increased Capacity of the Existing Roads



2. The Dense Residential Areas • Secure Adequate Parking for Residents through Controlled

Parking • Increased Minimum Parking Requirements in New Buildings

(New Law) • Larger Subsidies (Percent of Cost Instead of Lump Sum) • Convert Proper Space in Existing Buildings to Parking Stalls

(Underground Floors, Courtyards etc.) • Construction of Small Low-cost Mechanical Garages

D. THE NEW PROSPECTS (2 of 2)

E. APPLICATIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ATHENS AND MAROUSSI

1. Central Area of Athens Municipality

• Detailed Presentation by Vice-Mayor Mr. C. Akritides

• Main Reasons to Expect Success:

– Legal Problems Solved

– Detailed Surveys and Studies

– Assignment to Experienced Contractors-Operators

– Adequate Municipal Police Force

– High Quality Public Transport (Metro etc.)

– Available Off-street Parking Spaces



E. APPLICATIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ATHENS AND MAROUSSI

2. Central Area of Maroussi Municipality • Concentration of Big Traffic Generators

– Olympic Stadium and Other Olympic Installations – Commercial/Recreation Centres etc.

• Reduction of On-street Parking due to Extensive Pedestrianizations

• Lack of Off-street Parking • Metro Station

– Large Park & Ride. Temporarily Abolished During Olympic Games. Not yet Opened

• Detailed On-street Controlled Parking Study (Table 1, Figs 3 & 4)

• Successful Related Constructions • Failure in Implementation

– Lack of Required Police Force – No Systematic Enforcement – No proper Checking of Residents Permits (Provision & Use) – Free Parking of Residents in Visitors Parking

• Necessary During Olympic Games when Visitors Parking was Prohibited and Use of Cars by Residents was Reduced

• Unjustified for Normal Conditions. Visitors Parking Occupied by Residents, Some Using Permits from Other Parking Zones

SUPPLY OCCUPANCY

A 1.438 1.401 713 2.114 1.130 434 436 870

B 1.369 1.290 583 1.873 1.487 662 505 1.167

TOTALA & B

2.807 2.691 1.296 3.987 2.617 1.096 941 2.037

PARKINGZONES

ILLEGAL

EXISTING ON STREET PARKING(APRIL 2004)

IMPLEMENTED CONTROLLED PARKING(SEPTEMBER 2004)

TOTALNIGHT

SURVEY

DAY SURVEY

"RESIDENTSONLY"

PARKING FEE PAYMENT

MAX 2 HOURSLEGAL

TOTAL


Table 1: Maroussi Central Area. Existing On-street Parking (April 2004) and Implemented Controlled Parking (September 2004)

Fig. 3: Controlled Parking. Maroussi Central Area North

15

Fig. 4: Controlled Parking. Maroussi Central Area South

16

CITY PARKING IN EUROPE INTERREG IIIC THE “UNIQUE” PARKING PHENOMENON OF ATHENS. NEW PARKING...

Documents

Transcript of CITY PARKING IN EUROPE INTERREG IIIC THE “UNIQUE” PARKING PHENOMENON OF ATHENS. NEW PARKING...