Ρ Ε Ν NS ALT D E V E L O P M E N T

CHEMICALS

CHLOROALKYL AMINES

DEC, EC 2458 Diethylaminoethyl Chloride

Hydrochloride (C2H5)2NCH2CH2CI · HCI

DMC, EC-2609 Dimethylaminoethyl Chloride

Hydrochloride (CH3)2NCH2CH2CI · HCI

DIC, EC 2681 Diisopropylaminoethyl Chloride

Hydrochloride (iso-C3H7)2NCH2CH2CI · HCI

DMIC, EC-2684 Dimethylaminoisopropyl Chloride

Hydrochloride (CH3)2NCH2CHCICH3 · HCI

Chloroalkylamines are intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and cationic ethers. They are chemical reactants, acting both as tertiary amines and as alkyl chlorides.

Dafa sheets, prices and samples available on request.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT PENNSALT CHEMICALS CORPORATION THREE PENN CENTER, PHILA., PA. 19102

Compendium on Nitro Compounds Chemistry and Technology of Explo­

sives. Vol. I. TADEUSZ URBANSKI. xv + 635 pages. Macmillan Co., 60 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N.Y. 1964. $15. Reviewed by Dr. G. Bryant Bachman.

Dr. Bachman is professor of chemistry at Purdue, specializing in nitro com­pounds and organic synthesis.

This book is the first of three volumes dealing with the physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties of ex­plosives and their processes of manu­facture. It is a major revision and expansion of the author's earlier three editions. Unfortunately the preface does not contain an outline of the con­tents of the entire projected series, so that it is not possible to comment on the thoroughness with which Urbanski will cover his subject. It is possible to say, however, that this volume is de­voted exclusively to nitro compounds. As such it is one of the finest com-pendiums on nitro compounds avail­able in the English language. Not only specific information about com­pounds used as explosives but also general information about other types of nitro compounds is provided. De­tails of explosive properties and a wealth of information on other proper­ties, both physical and chemical, are provided. The book is a storehouse of detailed information and also a critical review of theories, mechanisms, and methods which only a man of broad experience in various aspects of the field could present with authority.

The first four chapters are concerned with nitration in theory and practice. Chapter V deals with the physical and chemical properties of the nitro group. The next 13 chapters are devoted to specific nitro compounds derived from benzene, toluene, phenol, aniline, and naphthalene. Chapter XIX deals with aliphatic nitro compounds and Chapter XX with nitronitroso and nitroso com­pounds.

Exemplifying the detailed treatment given is the chapter on TNT manu­facture which includes about 50 pages. Old and new methods are described. Flow sheets, diagrams, layouts, pic­tures, and data tables amply illustrate and summarize these descriptions.

There are even sections on safety in TNT manufacture and treatment of waste waters. The author readily ad­mits, however, that the manufacture of explosives is a highly secretive busi­ness, and that many details are avail­able only to those employed in the in­dividual plants. This chapter, like all the others, lists an extensive bibliog­raphy.

The over-all quality of this book is very good. The translation is com­pletely free of awkwardness. The text makes enjoyable reading even to chem­ists not primarily involved in explo­sives. Almost any organic chemist would find it a welcome addition to his library to expand his knowledge of nitro compounds and as a reference for detailed data on physical constants of the more common nitro compounds.

Plastics Reference Manufacture of Plastics. Vol. I. W.

MAYO SMITH, editor, xiii + 560 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 430 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022. 1964. $18. Reviewed by C. E. Schildknecht.

Dr. Schildknecht is chairman of the chemistry department at Gettysburg College.

This is a worthwhile book in a field of remarkable industrial growth and one in which it is difficult to find reliable information. However, as often in edited books, the chapters vary widely in quality, here especially in the amount of information on manu­facturing processes. In most of the chapters the authors have preferred to devote more space to properties of the polymer products and their applica­tions. Another criticism of the book is that it gives less attention to co-polymerization techniques than justi­fied by current technology.

The book begins with a stimulating 65-page chapter with more than 240 references on polymer plant engineer­ing by Louis Basel and co-workers. The most worthwhile chapter of the book in the opinion of this reviewer is Chapter 2 by Harry D. Anspon and co-workers of Spencer Chemical which is devoted to poly ethylenes. This, the

56 C & E N J A N . 11, 196 5

B O O K S

longest chapter in the book, while not giving much detailed manufacturing know-how, discusses succinctly the many processes for polymerizing ethyl­ene. The chapter is well documented with more than 100 selected patent references. In contrast, the chapters on polypropylenes and polystyrenes give only two patents each. The Spencer chapter includes the best discussion of emulsion polymerization of ethylene which I have .read. It gives some operating examples taken from Spencer patents. More than half of this chapter is devoted to poly­merization and fabrication processes, and other sections on properties and applications are worthwhile.

Another chapter which is devoted in large part to examples of plant proc­esses is that on melamine-formalde-hyde polymers by R. T. Corkum and co-workers of American Cyanamid. Chapters entitled Polyvinyl Acetate and Polyvinyl Alcohol are fairly ade­quate, but deficient in emulsion co-polymerizations and in industrial de­velopments in Japan.

Chapter 8 entitled Acrylic Polymers is the weakest and most misleading in the book. It is stated that the possi­bilities of commercial exploitation of acrylic derivatives were not advanced until 1901 in the doctoral thesis of Otto Rohm. The reviewer has studied Rohm's thesis carefully and he finds no justification for this assertion. In the reviewer's opinion the real impetus came later from the discovery by Walter Bauer of Rohm und Haas of methacrylate ester polymer plastics (as documented correctly in the Deutsches Museum in Munich).

The chapter on acrylic polymers gives insufficient information on the compositions of methacrylate esters, acrylate esters, and other monomers used for different types of acrylic plas­tics and finishes. Polymerization proc­esses are not described adequately nor selected patent examples given. Only four of the interesting patents of Rohm & Haas are referred to. New develop­ments such as high strength acrylo-nitrile copolymer plastics and acrylic sirup-glass fiber plastics are not dis­cussed.

In the forthcoming volume 2, it is hoped that the quality of the first two chapters of volume 1 can be con­tinued. A few specific assertions of volume 1 should be examined more closely, for example the following. The low concentrations of methyl or ethyl acrylate just noticeable by odor

in air are said to be dangerous (page 363). The heat of polymerization of vinyl chloride is too high on page 307, but correct on page 20. A question­able statement begins chapter 3, that "a badly scrambled structure is typical of cationic polymerizations."

NEW BOOKS

Introduction to the Atomic Nucleus. J. G. CUNINGHAME. xi + 220 pages. American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York 17, N.Y. 1964. $9.00.

Said to be the first text on the subject written expressly for the nonnuclear physi­cist.

Introduction to Molecular Pharmacology. WILLIAM C. HOLLAND, RICHARD L. KLEIN, ARTHUR H. BRIGGS. iv + 250 pages. Macmillan Co., 60 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N.Y. 1964. $7.50.

Brief text and reference deals primarily with mechanisms of drug action at the cellular and subcellular level.

Management Uses of Research & Devel­opment. WARREN C. LOTHROP. X + 148 pages. Harper & Row, k ic , 49 East 33rd St., New York 16, N.Y. 1964. $4.00.

Addressed primarily to the businessman or security analyst concerned with the place of technology in a consumer-oriented industry.

Methods of Forensic Science. Vol. III. A. S. CURRY, editor, xiii + 342 pages. Interscience Publishers, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1964. $13.50.

Designed to meet need for a book in which forensic scientists, toxicologists, police laboratory technicians, analytical chemists, and others may find authorita­tive and up-to-date descriptions of meth­ods which have proved valuable in actual forensic practice.

A New System of Chemical Philosophy. JOHN DALTON. xii + 168 pages. Philosophical Library, 15 East 40th St., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1964. $6.00.

Publication of this book in 1808 started the chemical revolution of the 19th cen­tury.

The Nuclear Properties of the Heavy Elements. Vols. I, II, III. I & II, EARL K. HYDE, IS ADORE PERLMAN, GLENN T. SEABORG; III, EARL K. HYDE. I, xxii + 407 pages; II, lxvi + 698 pages; III, xliv + 519 pages. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1964. I, $15; II, $25; III, $18.

I: Systematics of Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity; II: Detailed Radioactivity Properties; III: Fission Phenomena.

Organic Chemistry. 2nd ed. DONALD J. CRAM, GEORGE S. HAMMOND, X + 846 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036. 1964. $10.75.

Designed for both chemistry and non-chemistry majors and to bring students in their first course closer to the frontiers of organic chemistry.

New Brown2 unit for rapid and automatic microdetermination of unsaturation The Brown2 Micro Hydro-Analyzer is a specialized unit for determining un­saturation of micro and ultramicro samples by means of catalytic hydro-genation.

Each hydrogenation reaction is carried to completion automatically. As many as five separate determinations can be completed within an hour.

The simple, compact unit permits rapid and convenient determination of un­saturation at the 5 x 10-5 mole level with an accuracy of ± 1 %. It provides useful results at the 5 x 10-6 level.

Sodium borohydride is used both for in situ generation of the highly-active catalysts and also as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogenation re­action. Thus, the unit requires no standard solutions, no hydrogen cyl­inders, no thermostated gas burets, and no purification trains as required by ordinary microhydrogenation methods.

The unit is priced at $210.00.

Other Brown2 hydrogenation units are available for synthesis of 1 to 1,000 grams of material and for analysis to the 0.0002 mole level.

Ask for product literature.

1 ̂ Delmar mk SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES, INC ^ ^ ^ T ASUBSIDIARYOFCOLEMANINSTRUMENTS CORPORATION

T 317 MADISON ST. MAYWOOD. ILLINOIS 60154

J A N . 11, 1965 C & E N 57