BOOKS
1
BOOKS BEYOND THE FLYLEAF The Performance of Lubricating Oils. ACS Monograph No. 113. H. H. Zui- DEMA. viii -|- 175 pages. Reinhold Pub- lishing Corp. 0 West 42nd St., New York 18, Ν. Ϋ. 1952. $5.00. Reviewed by W. E. KUHN, Texas Co. A Chemical Society Monograph is in- tended to serve two principal purposes: first, to make available to chemists a thorough treatment of a selected area in a form usable by persons working in more or less unrelated fields to the end that they may correlate their own work with a larger area of physical science discipline; second, to stimulate further research in the specific field treated." To undertake to fulfill both purposes when dealing with lubrication, a subject which is so vast in scope and extends into and entangles so many fields of endeavor, would require volumes. Therefore, it seems justified to undertake fulfillment of the first purpose only in a single monograph. The daily language of the petroleum technologist and especially the lubricating oil specialist deals with considerations of performance characteristics that are often masked by "Name Tests" or "Name Test Procedures." This language and the sig- nificance of the methods used to evaluate performance characteristics of lubricating oils are presented in a clear straightforward form readily understood and compre- hended by those who are working in an unrelated field. Each chapter outlines or makes reference to the theory, the mecha- nism and the factors influencing each per- formance characteristic. The chapter on oxidation is probably the best of the book and attempts to supply the reader with an understanding of the oxidation products and oxidation rates of pure hydrocarbons and of petro- leum fractions. Normally the user of lubricants is desirous of retarding oxida- tion, and, where it does occur, in directing its course so that the oxidation products are either the least harmful or the most desirable depending on the user's desire and point of view. The author recognizes that it is beyond the scope of the book and particularly of this chapter to provide a complete review of either the mechanism or the action of the many materials that can be used as antioxidants, catalyst poisons, corrosion inhibitors and reaction directors; however, all such phenomena are discussed and typically illustrated. The chapter on bearing corrosion pro- vides information on the many types of bearing materials, the relative corrosion resistance, the mechanism of corrosion and the factors that influence corrosion as well as the principal methods of controlling corrosion. With the introduction of new types of bea-ings to operate under higher loads, higher speeds and the resultant higher temperatures, the problem of cor- rosion and its control becomes a para- mount factor. The performance charac- teristic and bearing corrosion are brought into focus in this chapter by the author. Other chapters deal with rheology, sludge and lacquer deposition, emulsifica- tion and foaming, wear and lubricating oil manufacturing methods. The latter chap- ter is not intended to give and does not give a coverage of refining methods. In- cluded in the chapters dealing with per- formance characteristics such subjects as antirust, extreme pressure, dispersancy, metal deactivation, and metal passivation are discussed. The book is based essen- tially on work on lubricants for use in automotive or internal combustion equip- ment. It is not directed to performance characteristics of industrial oils other than where the same characteristics may be applicable. No review of this book should neglect mention of the fine bibliographies that accompany each chapter. The first chap- ter on Process of Lubrication, covering 16 pages, has over 60 references. Grundlagen Der Lederhersteilung. HANS HERFELD. viii -j- 534 pages. Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden A 53, Germany. 1950. Broschiert $6.24, Gebunden $6.72. Reviewed by JOSEPH R. KANACY, National Bureau of Standards. Vv HAT the leather chemist should know about the fundamental processes involved in tanning is well presented in this book. The author has succeeded in outlining the modern concepts of leather chemistry rather than presenting a series of tanning recipes and tanning procedures. The or- ganization of the subject matter follows the general plan used by most authors of books on leather. The chemical and physical properties of the basic material, collagen, are first described. This is fol- lowed by chapters on methods for pre- serving hides, a discussion of hide defects, and a description of the commercial types of hides. The processes used to prepare hides for tanning are presented in the order in which they proceed in the tan- nery. Tanning and finishing are then taken up in that order and, finally, a short discussion is given on the chemical and physical properties of finished leather. Re- search using the microscope, leather stor- age, and care of leather are also discussed briefly. The book contains an excellent and up to date section devoted to the use of syn- thetic tanning materials. The various types of these materials used in Germany, which was foremost in their development, are discussed with regard to the general types of reactions under which they are prepared and the properties of the leathers which are produced with them. The other more common types of tannages are also discussed at some length. On the other hand, very little is said about the physical properties of leather. None of the later developments in this field are covered. Research on the fiber structure of leather by means of the micro- scope is inadequately treated. The useful- ness of the book is somewhat reduced by the lack of the illustrations, charts, and data on which the American leather chem- ist has become dependent. Despite this lack, the leather chemist will find much value in the book but the technologist and physicist may be disappointed. The book is well organized. One con- venient feature is the listing of references on the bottom of the page on which they are mentioned. Since the book contains an excellent bibliography, especially relating to work done on the continent of Europe, it should be a valuable supplement to the British and American books on leather. NEW BOOKS Annual Review of Nuclear Science. Vol. 1. ix -f- 645 pages. Annual Reviews, Inc., Stanford, Calif. $6.00. Dynamic Aspects of Biochemistry· 2nd ed. ERNEST BALDWIN, XX -f- 544 pages. Cambridge University Press, 32 East 57th St., Mew York 22, Ν. Υ. $5.00. Elementary Metallurgy. 2nd ed. W. T. FRIER. 268 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. $4.50. Marginal Punched Cards in College and Research Libraries. H. F. MCGAW. 218 pages. The Scarecrow Press, 3341 Prospect Ave., N.W., Washington 7, D. C. $4.50. (Continued on page 2566) PHOSPHORIC ACID, PHOSPHATES and PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS Second Edition By WILLIAM H. WAGGAMAN U. S. Dept. of the Interior, In collaboration with 17 other outstand- ing: authorities ACS MONOGRAPH #34 This complete, up-to-date source book on phosphorus contains detailed descriptions of resources; mining and separ ition proc- esses; manufacture of elemental phos- phorus, phosphoric acid superphosphate, and phosphatic fertilizers; and the use of phosphates in such diversified fields as baking, water softening, coating of metals, sugar refining, flame-proofing, brewing, oil refining, textile processing 1 , glass, bone china and dental cements. Written in direct, readable style, this new edition is valuable not only to tech- nical men engaged in recovery and proc- essing of phosphate rock but also to plant superintendents and other executives in manufacturing industries where phos- phorus plays an ever-increasing role. 1952 «bout 600 pages $15.00 Copy sent on free 10~day approval REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORP. Dept. M-395, 330 W. 42nd St., N.Y. 36, Ν. Υ. VOLUME 3 0; NO. 2 4 » . » JUNE 1 6 , 1 9 5 2
Transcript of BOOKS
BOOKS
BEYOND THE FLYLEAF The Performance of Lubricating Oils.
ACS Monograph No. 113. H. H. Zui-DEMA. viii -|- 175 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp. 0 West 42nd St., New York 18, Ν. Ϋ. 1952. $5.00. Reviewed by W. E. K U H N , Texas Co.
A Chemical Society Monograph is intended to serve two principal purposes: first, to make available to chemists a thorough treatment of a selected area in a form usable by persons working in more or less unrelated fields to the end that they may correlate their own work with a larger area of physical science discipline; second, to stimulate further research in the specific field treated." To undertake to fulfill both purposes when dealing with lubrication, a subject which is so vast in scope and extends into and entangles so many fields of endeavor, would require volumes. Therefore, it seems justified to undertake fulfillment of the first purpose only in a single monograph.
The daily language of the petroleum technologist and especially the lubricating oil specialist deals with considerations of performance characteristics that are often masked by "Name Tests" or "Name Test Procedures." This language and the significance of the methods used to evaluate performance characteristics of lubricating oils are presented in a clear straightforward form readily understood and comprehended by those who are working in an unrelated field. Each chapter outlines or makes reference to the theory, the mechanism and the factors influencing each performance characteristic.
The chapter on oxidation is probably the best of the book and attempts to supply the reader with an understanding of the oxidation products and oxidation rates of pure hydrocarbons and of petroleum fractions. Normally the user of lubricants is desirous of retarding oxidation, and, where it does occur, in directing its course so that the oxidation products are either the least harmful or the most desirable depending on the user's desire and point of view. The author recognizes that it is beyond the scope of the book and particularly of this chapter to provide a complete review of either the mechanism or the action of the many materials that can be used as antioxidants, catalyst poisons, corrosion inhibitors and reaction directors; however, all such phenomena are discussed and typically illustrated.
The chapter on bearing corrosion provides information on the many types of bearing materials, the relative corrosion resistance, the mechanism of corrosion and the factors that influence corrosion as well as the principal methods of controlling corrosion. With the introduction of new types of bea-ings to operate under higher loads, higher speeds and the resultant higher temperatures, the problem of corrosion and its control becomes a paramount factor. The performance charac
teristic and bearing corrosion are brought into focus in this chapter by the author.
Other chapters deal with rheology, sludge and lacquer deposition, emulsifica-tion and foaming, wear and lubricating oil manufacturing methods. The latter chapter is not intended to give and does not give a coverage of refining methods. Included in the chapters dealing with performance characteristics such subjects as antirust, extreme pressure, dispersancy, metal deactivation, and metal passivation are discussed. The book is based essentially on work on lubricants for use in automotive or internal combustion equipment. It is not directed to performance characteristics of industrial oils other than where the same characteristics may be applicable.
No review of this book should neglect mention of the fine bibliographies that accompany each chapter. The first chapter on Process of Lubrication, covering 16 pages, has over 60 references.
Grundlagen Der Lederhersteilung. H A N S HERFELD. viii -j- 534 pages. Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden A 53, Germany. 1950. Broschiert $6.24, Gebunden $6.72. Reviewed by JOSEPH R. KANACY, National Bureau of Standards.
Vv HAT the leather chemist should know about the fundamental processes involved in tanning is well presented in this book. The author has succeeded in outlining the modern concepts of leather chemistry rather than presenting a series of tanning recipes and tanning procedures. The organization of the subject matter follows the general plan used by most authors of books on leather. The chemical and physical properties of the basic material, collagen, are first described. This is followed by chapters on methods for preserving hides, a discussion of hide defects, and a description of the commercial types of hides. The processes used to prepare hides for tanning are presented in the order in which they proceed in the tannery. Tanning and finishing are then taken up in that order and, finally, a short discussion is given on the chemical and physical properties of finished leather. Research using the microscope, leather storage, and care of leather are also discussed briefly.
The book contains an excellent and up to date section devoted to the use of synthetic tanning materials. The various types of these materials used in Germany, which was foremost in their development, are discussed with regard to the general types of reactions under which they are prepared and the properties of the leathers which are produced with them. The other more common types of tannages are also discussed at some length.
On the other hand, very little is said about the physical properties of leather. None of the later developments in this
field are covered. Research on the fiber structure of leather by means of the microscope is inadequately treated. The usefulness of the book is somewhat reduced by the lack of the illustrations, charts, and data on which the American leather chemist has become dependent. Despite this lack, the leather chemist will find much value in the book but the technologist and physicist may be disappointed.
The book is well organized. One convenient feature is the listing of references on the bottom of the page on which they are mentioned. Since the book contains an excellent bibliography, especially relating to work done on the continent of Europe, it should be a valuable supplement to the British and American books on leather.
N E W BOOKS Annual Review of Nuclear Science. Vol.
1. ix -f- 645 pages. Annual Reviews, Inc., Stanford, Calif. $6.00.
Dynamic Aspects of Biochemistry· 2nd ed. ERNEST BALDWIN, XX -f- 544 pages. Cambridge University Press, 32 East 57th St., Mew York 22, Ν. Υ. $5.00.
Elementary Metallurgy. 2nd ed. W. T. FRIER. 268 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. $4.50.
Marginal Punched Cards in College and Research Libraries. H. F. M C G A W . 218 pages. The Scarecrow Press, 3341 Prospect Ave., N.W., Washington 7, D. C. $4.50.
(Continued on page 2566)
PHOSPHORIC ACID, PHOSPHATES
and PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS
Second Edition By WILLIAM H. WAGGAMAN
U. S. Dept. of the Interior, In collaboration with 17 other outstand
ing: authorities ACS MONOGRAPH #34
This complete, up-to-date source book on phosphorus contains detailed descriptions of resources; mining and separ ition processes; manufacture of elemental phosphorus, phosphoric acid superphosphate, and phosphatic fertilizers; and the use of phosphates in such diversified fields as baking, water softening, coating of metals, sugar refining, flame-proofing, brewing, oil refining, textile processing1, glass, bone china and dental cements.
Written in direct, readable style, this new edition is valuable not only to technical men engaged in recovery and processing of phosphate rock but also to plant superintendents and other executives in manufacturing industries where phosphorus plays an ever-increasing role. 1952 «bout 600 pages $15.00
Copy sent on free 10~day approval
R E I N H O L D PUBLISHING CORP. Dept. M-395, 330 W . 42nd St., N.Y. 36 , Ν . Υ .
V O L U M E 3 0; N O . 2 4 » . » J U N E 16, 1 9 5 2
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