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! N D U S T R Y & BUSINESS

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Blooming Deserts Still in Future Costs of converting saline w a t e r stiil too h igh; symposium members urge more money for O S W

OuBSTAXTiAL PROGRESS in improv­ing processes for converting saline water has been made but large scale conversion plants furnishing potable water at economic prices are not just around the corner. This was the con­sensus of the international symposium on saline water conversion held in Washington, D . C. Scientists from 10 foreign countries joined with United States experts in the symposium spon­sored jointly by the National Academy of Sciences and interior Department 's Office of Saline Water-

One of the principal purposes of the symposium was to recommend to the Office of Saline Water what directions its programs should take to reach its goal—finding ways t o convert saline water at acceptable costs. Said OSW director David S. Jenkins as he opened the symposium, "Interest and activity in process research and development was good during the first few years of the program, but the flow of sound new ideas to the federal program now shows some tapering off."

According to Jenkins, processes wi th

good potential are limited to these five groups:

• Distillation. • Solar distillation. • Electrodialysis. • Osmosis. • Freezing.

Within these groups, OSW is put t ing emphasis on processes showing the most promise.

• Cost Big Factor. What constitutes an economic conversion cost depends on the end use of the water. Accord­ing to Jenkins, converted water for industrial use could cost a s much as $ 3 per 1000 gallons. But for municipal use, the top figure is $0.35 per 100O gallons, and irrigation water can cost no more than $0.12 per 1000 gallons.

How do costs of various processes stack up against these figures? T h e answer is confused. Reason: No big multimillion-gallon-a-day conversion plants are in operation; cost figures for large scale operation are projected from laboratory or small pilot plant data.

φ AEC Gets New Home Ike lays cornerstone of AEC's new headquarters building at Germantown, Md., a s AEC chairman Lewis Strauss smiles approval. Building, plus its 110-acre site, cost $13.3 million. I t ' s four stories high, has three wings.

3 2 C & E N NOV. 18, 1 9 5 7

NATIONAL ANILINE DIVBVISION

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Baker Manganese Dioxide . . . synthe­sized to exacting specifications., .offers high purity and controlled particle size to manufacturers of ceramic-electronic components. Each lot is consistently low in Sulfate content and Earths and Alkalies thus assuring that poisoning impurities are kept at low levels...note the typical analysis below. This high quality Baker product should not b e confused with less pure man­ganese dioxide or hydrate made by the upgrading of variable ores. Bake: Manganese Dioxide of reagent purity0 pr iced at less than $1.00 per pound, is finding increasing uses in the manufacture of high quality ferrites and thermistors.

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INDUSTRY & BUSINESS

Here's the way the cost picture looks. For distillation, cost estimates run from a low of 30 cents to a high of $2 per 1000 gallons, Solar distillation costs range from $ 1 to more than $6 per 1000 gallons, while the electrodialysis process gives costs ranging from 30 cents to $1 per 10OO gallons. Esti­mated costs for freezing processes are about $2 per 1000 gallons.

First firm cost figures on water con­verted b y electrodialysis should be available late next year. Now under construction, a 3-inillion-gallon-a-day electrodialysis plant will go into opera­tion next year at Welkom, Orange Free State, to desalt gold mine water. Ο. Β. Volckman, South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, says he expects t he big plant to produce potable water for 30 cents pe r 1000 gallons, and prospects are good for a 27-cent cost.

• Program for OSW. The sym­posium was divided into sections, each covering one of the major saline water conversion processes. At the sympo­sium's close, the chairman of each section gave Jenkins the recommenda­tions of his group for Office of Saline Water's future program. All groups agreed on these points:

• Congress should appropriate more money for OSW (C&EN, May 27, page 3 5 ) . Work has heen severely hampered by lack of funds.

• A survey to determine the future water needs of all areas of the United States would be highly desirable. However, if cost of the proposed sur­vey would mean cutting OSW funds, the survey should be postponed in­definitely.

• Work on saline water conversion processes should be aimed at industrial and municipal uses where acceptable costs are relatively high; the maximum acceptable cost of wate r for irrigation is too low to make this area attractive at present.

• There should be increased partici­pation in foreign projects and a more active exchange of information between OSW and foreign programs.

Calling the symposium a great suc­cess, Jenkins said O S W has no im­mediate plans to hold a similar pro­gram in the future. However, he pointed out that UNESCO is planning a similar symposium to be held next year in Iran.

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NOV. 18. I9S7 C & E N 3 3

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I N D U S T R Y & BUSINESS

Briefs · . ·

• Rohm & Haas ' ne t sales for this year's th i rd quarter were 8% above last year's like period a t $42 million. In C&EN, Nov. 4, page 24, sales for the com­p a n y were indicated as 8% below 1956. In our table of third-quarter earnings, t h e footnote applying to R o h m & Haas' earnings per share sliould have indicated that 1956 earn­ings had been adjusted for last year's stock dividend, and not that the com­p a n y had profited from the sale of U . S. Steel stock.

• Stcr!;.-:^ Drug will pay a 10-cent extra dividend to stockholders Dec. 2 with its regular 35-cent quarterly pay­ment . This year's payments will total $1.50 a share, 15 cents more than last year.

• American Home Products has de­clared an extra dividend of $1.20 a share, payable Dec. 2, upping its pay­ments for the year to $6.00 from $5.00 i n 1956.

• Yankee Atomic Electric Co. plans to raise $3 million by selling additional stock to the 12 New England utility companies that a re its present owners. The money will be used to retire $1 million worth of short-term notes and for construction.

• Oïïn Mathieson has registered the $60 million worth of convertible de­bentures it plans to sell (C&EN, Sept. 30, page 29) with SEC. Proceeds will b e used for expansion and for addi­tional working capital. Olin Mathie­son expects its capital outlays next year (other than for its aluminum program)

will not vary much from the $47 mil­lion slated for 1957. Aluminum pro­gram requirements for this year and next are estimated at $47 million in addition to $65 million being obtained by private sale of 4% promissory notes. Olin stockholders have approved com­pany plans to increase its authorized shares of common stock from 15 to 20 million.

• Victor Chemical will build its ninth manufacturing plant on a 35-acre site fronting on the Little Calumet River on Chicago's south side. Products will include a range of phosphate chemicals, will supplement production at Victor's Chicago Heights plant. The new site will be served b y the Chicago & East­ern Illinois Railroad, from which it v/as

bought. I t also has easy access to truck routes, the complete Illinois, Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri water­ways system, Great Lakes points, and the St. Lawrence Seaway.

• Celanese ' s 15-rnillion-pound-a-year acrylate ester plant goes on stream at Pampa, Tex. The plant will use a process, developed by Celanese from basic B. F. Goodrich findings, that uses acetic acid and formaldehyde.

• Philip Morris is taking a second step toward diversification. It plans to acquire Franklin Research Co. of Philadelphia, Pa., and Polymer Indus­tries, Stamford, Conn. Franklin pro­duces emulsions, cleaners, polishes, and waxes for industrial use; Polymer makes adhesives for packaging and paper converting, also turns out spe­cialty chemicals for the textile indus­try.

• The Badger-engineered synthetic methanol purification expansion of Commercial Solvents at Sterlington, La., is now on stream. The unit uses Badger's new process to produce extra high purity methanol. Commercial Solvents makes synthetic methanol from natural gas and air, and refines the crude methanol by special distilla­tion techniques so that no chemical treatment is involved in the process.

• AtC cancels its plans to negotiate a contract with Foster Wheeler to de­velop and build a demonstration homo­geneous reactor power plant to be op­erated by the Wolverine Electric Co­operative, Big Rapids, Mich. The com­mission is considering inviting bids from industry a t some future time for such a project.

• General Electric gets the engineering design assignment from the AEC for a large-scale reactor to produce special nuclear materials. Deadline for the re­port on the design, including cost esti­mates and construction schedule, is April 1, 1958.

• General Atomic, a division of General Dynamics, will build the first nuclear reactor designed for the custom produc­tion of radioisotopes, as well as for training and research, at its John Jay Hopkins Laboratory, San Diego, Calif. It is one of three reactor types that Gen­eral Atomic is developing utilizing the new solid homogeneous reactor core \vhich, they say, is inherently safe.

3 4 C & E N N O V . 18, 1957