Achim Stahl, RWTH Aachen KET Strategie-Workshop 2010Dortmund

Two frequencies:

Δm12

→ L0/E ≈ 30.000 km/GeV

Δm13

≈ Δm23

→ L0/E ≈ 1.000 km/GeV

Atmospheric Solar Neutrinos Reactor-NeutrinosAccelerator-

HomestakeKamiokandeGallexSageSNOBorexino

Super-KMacro

Δmsolar

Δmatm

ChoozDoubleChoozDaya bayReno

KamLand

Δmsolar

Δmatm

ChorusNomadKarmenLSNDMiniBoone

K2KMinosOperaT2KNoa

short Lno sig. (?)

long LΔm

atm

Solar Neutrinos

Atmospheric ν Reactor ν, θ13 LSND effect

oscillation observed Homestake GALLEX Super-K

confirmed KAMLAND SNO

disappearance of νe

oscillation observed Super-K MACRO

confirmed K2K MINOS

disappearance of νμ

no observation yet

intensive search DoubleChooz Daya Bay RENO disappearance of νe

T2K appearance of νe

observed ? LSND

contradicted by KARMEN MiniBOONEnew Exp CERN-PS?

disappearance of νμ

Fits from: Thomas Schwetz

Global Fit (Th. Schwetz) MINOS: e appearance

35 events; 27 ± 5 ± 2 background

νe

νμ

ντ

Offene Fragen:Wie groß ist θ

13 ?

Genaue Messung θ23: maximal ?

Absolute Massen ?

Welche Hierarchie ?

Majorana or Dirac neutrinos ?

CP-violation ?

Stimmt das Modell ?(Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Skata Matrix)

MINOS / NuMI FermiLab → Soudan (800 km)

p+ from Main Injectortunable, braodband beam

TASD @ Soudan mine

Future Project: NoaFermiLab → Ash River (810 km)

p+ from Main Injectoroff-axis beam

TASD @ Ash river mine

start in 2013

Kamioka Tokai

T2KJPARC 50 GeV p+ synchrotron

first run: 400 kWdesign phase 1: 750 kW

design phase 2: 2 MW off-axis beam

DetectorsSuper-K + ND280Upgrade: Intermediate detector ?

Future upgrade: Hyper-K ???

295 km

ND280: mainly europeanGermany: Aachen

Target

Started in 2009, first results soon

CERN Gran Sasso

732 km

CNGSp+ from SPSbroad band, high energy

OPERASpectrometer with emulsion bricks (1.25 kt)German participation: Hamburg

Münster Rostock

Running: 2008 - 2012

First event 0.54 expected

0.045 ± 0.02 background

Testing the discrete symmetries with neutrinos

CPCP

CPCPtau-neutrinos: no practical beam-source

eeee

CPCP

CPCP

TT TT

lefthanded righthandedCP-TEST:e → / e →

T-TEST:e → / → e

CPT-TEST:e → / → e

Examples

ConventionalConventionalNeutrino-BeamNeutrino-Beam

Neutrino-Neutrino-FactoryFactory

Beta-BeamsBeta-Beams

→

→

→ e+ e

→ e- e

Z→ Z-1 e+ e

Z→ Z+1 e- e

some e background

up to ~ 10 GeV

technologically sound

Limitations:- background- target

pure beamneeds magnetic detectorwide energy range

technological challenge- production & capture- fast acceleration

Limitations:- power for production

pure beamonly e

MeV … a few GeV

technological challenge- ion production- radiation on magnets

Limitations:- production of ions

CP-Violation okay CP-Violation okay

boost

*E*

Event rate in your detector (fixed number of decays in the ring; detector at optimal baseline)

Dependance on

Dependance on E*

Opening angle ~ 1/ flux at fixed distance ~ 2

Elab

~ optimal Baseline ~ flux at detector ~ 1/2

Elab

~ cross section ~

Opening angle independent of E*

Elab

~ E* optimal baseline ~ E* flux at detector ~ 1/E*2

Elab

~ E* cross section ~ E*

~

~ 1/E*

Nu-Fact: E* 0...105 MeVBeta-Beam: E* typ. 1 MeV

•Piero Zucchelli Phys.Lett. B532:166, 2002•http://beta-beam.web.cern.ch/beta-beam

Isotopes:6He / 18Ne ~ 1 sec, Q ~ 3.5 MeV8Li / 8B ~ 1 sec, Q ~ 13 MeV

FP-7 Design Study: EUROnuWorkpackage on Beta-Beamshttps://espace.cern.ch/betanu/default.aspx

Main Challenge: Ion ProductionMain Challenge: Ion ProductionExample: 6He

Idea by T. Hirsch/M. Hass Weizmann

Ionisation Bunching Linac

SARAF @ Soreq NRC: 40 MeV d-Beam 2 mA

Substantial R&D for all Isotopes- beam optics of source- extraction of isotopes from target- transfer to ECR source- ionisation efficiency

Help from Nucl. Phys. Community

- 5 0

0

5 0

- 5 0 0 5 0

+

+-

-

Challenge: Open Midplane DipolsChallenge: Open Midplane DipolsProblem: daughter ions hit dipols in midplane

→ energy deposition → heating

R&D for high-field dipols (Nb3Sn)

With D-LHC and ITER

TC

Bmax

NbTi 9.2 K 12 T

Nb3Sn 18.3 K 22 TLHC: NbTi 8.4 T @ 1.8 K

But: difficult to make Nb3Sn wires

Large international effort35 institutesGermany: MPI Heidelberg

Experimental Effort:MICE – Rutherford → cooling

MuCOOL Test Area FermiLab → cooling

EMMA – Daresbury → FFAG

FETS – Rutherford → proton driver

MERIT – CERN → target

Example: FermiLab Concept:

Technological Challenge: 6D Cooling

Concept exists,

MC Simulations okay,

prototyping under way (MuCOOL),

but many technical questions remain

15 m

15

m

150 m

Water Čerenkov(MEMPHYS)

~ 500 kT

Emin > 10 MeVrestr. information

known technology

challenge:huge caverns

Totally Active Scintillator Det.

~ 25 kT

Emin > 10 MeVrestr. information

known technology

challenge:mass production

Liquid Scintillator(LENA)

~ 50 kT

Emin ~ 500 keVmed. information

known technology

challenge:big cavern

Liquid Argon TPC(GLACIER)

~ 100 kT

Emin ~ 10 MeVmax. information

new technology

to be proven

Phyäsalmi Mine

450 km north of Helsinki~4000 m.w.e

proven technologybroad physics program

Proton Decayp+ → K+ > 4 1034 years

Super Nova Detectionglactic center (10 kpc): 15.000

Diffuse Super Nova Background2 … 20 per year

Geo-Neutrinos~ 3000 year → undestand heat release

» & geo chemistryonly possible with LENA

Solar Neutrinos~ 5000 / day (helio seismology)

Atmospheric Neutrinosgood statistics, promising

CP-Violation (with beam)covers ~80% of parameter space

Physics with LENAPhysics with LENA

Diffuse SNBackground

p+ → K+

K+ → K+ →

Neutrino Revolution during the last decade !More to come ?

Several interesting new projectsnot yet clear where to goopen the path to all projects with R&D

LENA is getting ready for first stepsGet involved !

Super-K water Cerencov 50 ktNova TASD 15 ktLENA scintillator 50 kTMINOS TASDOPERA emulsion 1,25 ktDoubleChooz ScintillatorGlacier LAr TPC 100 kTMemphis Water Cerenkov 500 kT