10ssteacher.webs.com/Vidya-18-JULY-2014 (1).pdf · E-mail: [email protected] 17e°w 2014 Pqe-m-bv...
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1. N-cr-ól-Xs-X Il-dG au-X«- |u-X-�~ N-æ-�„t e¼-Šr-k-b-Ÿy Il-d-\r†-W-b-Œr-\u-¨ D-cu-]l-[r-bl- br <-]-¥bl-Kr-N�r-cu-~u. 2. P†-a„ ¥Ppl-Xr�l-ð-É-\l-b ¥Pl-i-\l-ho �I-]½† c-Nr-N� E¥hlG-\rbG' A-~ ¥\l-e-dr« N-æ-\r-�d hl-£-d¶r-I Ps-er-I-�j-]¶-šr er-e-cr-|u-~u-›o. 3. \pq-ˆ-�„t Ku-cu-Xvl-I†-g-W \r-b- aG cq-]-�]¶-Su-Œu-~-Xr« Nl-æ-]T-\G B-�t ‹-¥bl-P-\-�]¶-ˆr-ˆu-›o. 4. `q-ar-br« \r-~o N-æ-\r-¥d-|u-¨ Zq-cG A-¥]¶l-»uG al-tr-�|l-›r-cr-|uG. 5. hq-cp„ N-æ-¥\-|ly A-ó-¥bl e-du-Xl-�W-£r-duG e-j-�c "-I-�d #- b-Xu-�Il-›o Il-×-br« $-e-Ào c-›r- \uG D-¥c e-dr-]¶-al-Wo ¥Xl-~u-I. ]q†- W hq-cp-Ü-i-WG Im-Xu-I-al-eu-~-Xo "-Xu-�Il-›l-Wo. 6. hm-c-bq-Y Œr�d a-šo <-]- Ü-i-Ÿ-jr« N-æ-\o "-°lG-zl-\-al-Wo. 7. N-æ-\o ]r-t-Ir« (e-du-]¶-Œr-�„t Il-cp-Œr«) B-Xl-›o 175 <-]-Ü-i-Ÿ- y $-¥]¶ly \-au-|-tr-blG. 8. N-æ-\r«-�|l-›u-¥]l-b er-Œu- Iy `q-ar-br« �Il-›u-e-~o au-j-]¶r-N�u- ›l-|r-b-Xl-Wo N-æ e¼-k-Ÿy. $- Œ-cG 400 Dl-jG e¼-k-Ÿy ¥dl-I-Œr- �„t er-er-[ `l-K-Ÿ-jr-du-›o. 9. N-æ-�\-|u-tr-N�o ]Tr-|u-~ fl-ð- fl-J-bl-Wo �h-d-¥\l-j-Pr. 10. D-cu al-h-Œr« c-›o ]m†-W-ar <-�›-£r« c-›l-a-�Œ ]m†-W-ar- �b _½q aq‚ "-Y-el \s-dN�-æ„ A- ~o er-jr-|u-~u. Ur��h„ : âs-dl« A.Pr ����� http://www.mathrubhumi.com/vidya E-mail: [email protected] e°w 17 2014 Pqe-m-bv 18 sh≈n-bmgvN sNm-Δ, hym-gw, sh-≈n Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ al-\-e-N-cr-ó-Œr-�d A-|l-d-�Œ-buG B-š-euG e-dr- b ¥\-ˆ-Ÿ-jr-�dl-~l-Wo a-i-Œl-b Nl-æ-er-P-bG. "- Xr-�„t 45¿lG el†-gr-I-al-Wo $m e-cu-~ Pq-dl-bo 21. Ku-il-el-hr-bl-br-cu-~ a-\u-gp-�\ K-K-\-Nl-cr-bl-|r al-šr ¥Kl-jl-�-c-Ÿ-jr« �e-~r-�|l-Sr ]l-tr-N� fl-ð- Œr-�„t er-P-b-Kl-Y-bl-W-Xo. 365 "-Sr \s-j-euG (36 \r- d �I-ˆr-S-Œr-�„t <-b-cG) 35 "-Sr-¥bl-jG epl-h-eu-au- ¨ D-cu ]-Su-Iq-š„ ¥tl-|-šo 20 ¥Il-Sr Iu-Xr-c-f-¹r- ¥bl-�S Zr-K-�-Ÿy ¥`-Zr-|u-~ iu-£l-c-au-b†-Œr- �|l-›o #-Il-f-Œr-�„t "-\-�-X-br-¥d-|o Iu-Xr- N�-¥]¶ly "-¥a-cr-| al-ó-a-d½ ¥dl-IG au-»u-e„ a-\u- gp„ A-~ er-fv-er-P-br-|o au-~r« fr-c-h·o \-ar-N�o \r- ~u. "-œr-jr-al-a-�„t er-cr-al-tr« ]l-Z-au-Î "†-]¶r-N�o "-\-fv-c-\l-b \s« #G-ho-¥Ñl-Mo "-~o ]-t-ƒ el- |u-Iy ( a-\u-gp-\o Dcu �Ntr-b Il«-�e]¶o: A- ~l« al-\-e-cl-fr-|o edr-�bl-cu Iu-Xr-N�u-Nl-ˆeuG!) a- \u-gp-\u-¨ Il-d-¥Œl-jG $m `q-ar-br« au-»-Ÿr- �|l-›r-cr-|uG. `q- ar-br« al-óG D-Xu-Ÿr \r-~r-cu-~u-�e-£r« \l-ar- ~o Il-Wu-~ ¥\-ˆ-Ÿ-jr« ]-d-XuG a-\u-gp-cl-fr-|o d-`r- |u-al-br-cu-~r-d½. Nl-æ-bl-ó D-cu ¥e-j D-cu hv-]³l-S-\ Im-Xu-I-al-br-cu-~u-�e-£r-duG $-~-Xr-\o \r-c-e-[r ‹l- ¥bl-Kr-I au-J-Ÿ-ju-›o. N-æ-\r-�d [l-Xu \r-¥k-]-Ÿy, `l-er-br-�d <m†- ª d-`p-X, Nl-æ-¥Il-j-\r, _-ir-cl-Il-f Sq-tr-hG, ¥Ppl- Xr-�l-ð ]T-\G au-X-dl-b ¥a-J-d-I-jr« N-æ„ er-d-a- Xr-|l„ I-»r-bl-Œ h-œ-Œl-Wo. al-ó-a-d½ N-æ-�„t ùu-e-‹-¥Z-f-�Œ P-d hl-~r-[pG (ir-a-cq-]-Œr-dl-�W- £r« ¥]l-duG) <-cu-|r P-d-al-|r D-cu I-e-Nr-X Iq-Sl-c- Œr-�d \s†-Œ-S-al-|r al-šl-\uG "-Ÿ-�\ `q-ar-bu-�S D-cu �Il-N�u-]-Xr-]¶o N-æ-\r« ì-gµr-|l-\uG a-\u-gp-\o ]- Š-Xr-bu-›o. EN-æ-\r«' D-~l-a-Xo 1. N-æ-\r« ]†-e-X-Ÿy <-�›-~o #-ZpG ]-t-ƒ-Xo- - ¿ -Üs-|o X-Œv-Él-\r-bl-b U-¥al-Æl-š-ho. 2. \-á-¥\-óG �Il-›o N-æ-a-l]¶o #-ZpG X-…l-tl-|r-b- Xo ¿ U-_o-jrbq. Kr«-_†-ˆo. 3. N-æ-�„t #-Zp �S-d-ho-¥Il-]¶r-Io al-]¶o X-…l-tl-|r- b-Xo ¿¥Xl-a-ho il-cr-b-ˆo (1609). 4. N-æ-]†-e-X-Ÿ-ju-�S <-b-cG "-j-|l„ #-ZpG â- ar-N�-Xo ¿K-ds-dr-¥bl K-ds-dr. 5. #-Zp N-æ ¥^l-¥ˆl-Ü- l^†- ¿�P. U-_o-jrbq. ël]¶†(1840). 6. N-æ-\r-¥d-|-b-N� #-Zp el-i-\G¿ B-_ry 1 (1958¿- bu.A-ho.)¿-]-cl-P-bG 7. N-æ-\r-¥d-|-b-N�o er-P-br-N� #-Zp el-i-\G¿ dq-W- 1 (1959) 8. N-æ-\o Nu-šuG #-ZpG h-°-cr-N� a-\u-gp„ I-b-tr-b el-i-\G ¿"-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿8 (1968) 9. #-ZpG N-æ-\r-dr-t-Ÿr-b a-\u-gp„-¿ \s« #G-ho- ¥Ñl-Mo. 10. N-æ-\r« \r-~l-Zp-al-br hlœr-ju-al-br Xr-cr-�N�- Œr-b el-i-\G-¿dq-W-¿16. 1972¿« "-¥]¶l-¥jl ]-Š-Xr- br-�d "-e-hl-\-�Œ K-K-\- Nl-cr-buG N-æ-¥\l-So er-S-]-t- ƒ-¥Xl-�S Nl-æ-]T-\G B-�t- |u-�t er-ï-Xr-br-dl-›u. "- Xr-\r-�S 1994¿« "-¥a-cr-|- bu-�S _-ir-cl-Il-f el-i-\- al-b I½-a-��„t„ N-æ-�„t Z-kr-W ùu-e-‹-¥Z-f-Œo ir-a- ¥f-J-c-Ÿy I-�›-Œr-b-Xo Nl-æ-]T-\-Œr-\o ]u-Œ-\u- W†-¥e-Ir. Xu-S†-~o P-]¶l„, ��N-\, $-�p au-X-dl-b cl-Pp- Ÿy Iq-Sr N-æ-]T-\-d-kp-eu- al-br cG-K-Œu e-~u. `l-c-X- Œr-�„t Nl-æ-el-i-\-al-b N- æ-bl„-¿1 N-æ-\r« ]T-\G \- S-Œr-b-XuG P-d-hl-~r-[pG I- �›-Œr-b-XuG "-Su-Œ Il- d-Œl-br-cu-~u-e-¥d½l. B-š- euG "-Su-Œ Il-d-Œo N-æ-]T- \-Œr« B†-�]¶-ˆ _-ir-cl-Il- f el-i-\-al-Wo \l-h-bu-�S ¥d- Ur LADEE (Lunar Atmospheric Dust Environment Experiment). N- æ-\r« <«-|l-]-X-\G aq-dG <-›l-eu-~ [q-js]S-d-Ÿ-�j ]- šr $m el-i-\G \r-c-e-[r ]T-\G \-S-Œr-br-ˆu-›o. $-|-»r-ƒ B-‹r« 15¿-�d ]q†-W N-æ-Ü- i-WG E¥d-Ur' N-æ-\r« �e-N�o X-�~ I-›u-e-¥ó! $-Xr-\l- br au„-Iq-ˆr X-…l�tSu- |lŒXu�Il-›o `q-ar-bu-�S \r-»-dr« �Il-SuG X-Wu-]¶r« Iq-cr-cu-ˆr« \l-do a-Wr-|q† h-a-bG I-»r-N�u Iq-¥ˆ-›r e- ~u. I-»r-ƒ al-hG $m ¥]-S- I-�Œ E\l-h' \r-go-|-cu-WG N-æ-\r« $-Sr-N�u X-I†-Œu-I- j-ƒu. (]-cs-k-W-Œr-�„t `l-K-al-br-cu-~u $m $-Sr- |«) "-Xr-�„t er-f-Z er-e-c- Ÿy N-æ-�\ Nu-šr-�|l-›r-cr- |u-~ \l-h-bu-�S dq-Wl† tr- �|l-��W-h„-ho Dl†-_r-šo (LRO) �d ��i t-h-dq-gp„ Ipl-a-t-Iy ]-I†-Œr-br-ˆu-›o. N{µ-s\¡pdn-¨v Imcy§Ä 10 -]T-\-¯n\v ]p-Xn-b ap-Jw X…l-tl-|rbXo: hu-¥c-æ„ ]u-~-¥�-cr �S-dr-ho-¥Il-]¶o I- ›u-]r-Sr-|u-~-Xr-\o au„-]u X-�~ Km-c-e- ]q†-W-al-b Nl-æ-\r- cs-k-WG \-S-Œr-br- cu-~u A-£r-duG K-ds- dr-¥bl X-�„t �S- drho-¥Il-]¶o N-æ-\r- ¥d-|o Xr-cr-N�u-�e-N�- Xo au-X-dl-Wo Nl-æ- ]T-\-Œr-\o D-cu ]u- Xr-b al-\G ��I-e-~- Xo. hu-au-J-\l-b N- æ„ e-hq-cr-|-d _l-[r-N�-¥]l-�d Iu-›uG Iu-»r-I- juG \r-t-ƒ er-cq-]-\l-�W-~ h-XpG ¥dl-IG Xr-cr- N�-tr-ƒu. Xu-S†-~o N-æ-�\ \r-cs-kr-|l„ �S- drho-¥Il-]¶u-I-ju-�S D-cu e-œ„ ]-S X-�~ \r-c- ~u. B-Xl-\uG \q-šl-›u-Iy "-Ÿ-�\ I-»r-ƒu. "-¥]¶l-»uG N-æ-\r-�d-Œu-I A-~-Xo a-\u-gp-�„t D-cu hv-]³-al-br-Œ-�~ "-e-¥f-gr-N�u. 1957 D-¥Ål-_† 4¿-\o ¥hl-er-b-šo t-gp-bu-�S h¶u-So- \r-Io er-¥k-]r-N�-¥Xl-�S `m-al-I†-g-WG er-ˆo ]u-t- Œu I-S-|l-\u-¨ ‹l-¥bl-Kr-I Él-\G a-\u- gp„ ¥\-Sr-�b-Su-Œu. 1958 au-X« ¥hl-er-b-šo t-gp- buG "-¥a-cr-|-buG D-cu a-ö-c-Œr-�d-~-¥]l-�d N-æ-\r-¥d-|o ¥tl-|-šu-Iy �Xl-Su-Œu-er-ˆu. $m fs-X h-a-c-Œr-\r-�S D-cu Z-f-I-Œr- \u-¨r« X-�~ D-c-¥a-cr-|-|l-c- �\ N-æ-\r-dr-t-|u-�a-~ "-¥a-cr- |„ ‹-hr-U-›r-�„t [s-c-al-b ‹- h´l-e-\-buG e-~u. "-Ÿ-�\ _-ir- cl-Il-f N-cr-ó-Œr-�d B-š-euG _n- i-Œl-b E"-¥]¶l-¥jl' ]-Š-Xr #-hq-ó-WG �N-Âu. $m ]-Š- Xr-br-�d \r-c-e-[r _-ir-cl-Il- f el-i-\-Ÿ-jr« B-š-euG ‹- f-h´G "-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿11 #-Wo. Il- c-WG "-Xl-Wo a-\u-gp-�\ N-æ-\r-dr-t-|r-b-Xo. 1969 Pq-dlbo 16-¿\o "-¥a-cr-|-br-�d ^o-¥jl-tr-U-br« \r- ~l-Wo "-¥]¶l-¥jl¿ 11 er-¥k-]r-N�Xo. \s« #G-ho- ¥ÑlMo, A-Uvr„ #«-ër„, ��a-|« ¥Il-jr„- ho A-~r-e-cl-br-cu-~u Zm-Xp-hG-L-Œr« <-›l-br- cu-~Xo. Pq-dlbo 21¿\o #G-ho-¥ÑlŸuG #«-ër- \u-G N-æ-\r-dr-t-Ÿr. ]r-~sSo "-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿12, 14, 15, 16, 17 A-~s ¥]-S-I- Ÿy a-\u-gp-�\ N-æ-\r-�d-Œr-|l„ h-il-br-N�u. $-Xr« "-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿13 al-óG ]-cl-P-b-�]¶-ˆu. 1972¿« "-¥]¶l-¥jl ]-Š-Xr "-e-hl-\r-N�u. $-|l-d- Œo ¥hl-er-b-šo bq-\r-b„ #-jr-d½l-Œ _-ir-cl-Il- f el-i-\G N-æ-\r-dr-t-|r-�|l-›o "-e-cu-�S ar-I- eo �X-jr-br-N�u. B-Xl-›o "-c \q-šl-›o au„-]-�Œ fl-ð hl-¥£-Xr-I er-Zp-I-jl-Wo $-Xr-\o <-]-¥bl-K- �]¶-Su-Œr-b-Xo A-¥~l†-|-WG. "¥]¶l¥jl -Nl-æ-bl-ó \-SŒr-b e»r. Iu-Xr-N�u-b-cu-~ ¥tl-|-šo `q-ar-�b D-cu X-e-W e-dG e-N�r-ˆl-Wo N-æ-\r-¥d-|o ¥]l-Iu-~-Xo. aS|-bl-ó-br« N-æ-�\ D-cu X-e-W e-dG e-N�r-ˆl-Wo `q-ar-br-¥d-|o Iu-Xr-|u-~-Xo. #«ër„, ¥Il-jr„ho, #G-ho-¥Ñl-Mo A-~re†o Pq-em-bv 21˛-Nm-{µ-Zn-\w. a-\p-jy≥ N-{µ-\n¬ Im-ep-Ip-Øn-bn-´v 45 h¿-jw ]n-∂n-Sp-∂p. XpS-°w sS-enkv-tIm-∏n¬ \n∂v ! Kdsdr¥bl A-�r-\o N-æ-\r« ¥]l-I-WG? ]T-\-{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ N{µ-\p-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v Iq-´p-Im¿-°v sN-øm-hp-∂ Nn-e ]T-\-{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ C-Xm... \l-h-bu-�S ¥d-Ur A-ju-]¶-Œr« \r-cs-kr-|l-eu-~ #-Il-f ¥Kl-j- al-Wo N-æ„. \r-cs-k-W-Œr-\o D-cu U-b-tr #-e-fp- al-Wo. "-Xr« z-dG, h-a-bG, XsbXr, A-~re ¥c- J-�]¶-Su-Œ-WG. #-Il-fG ¥a-Ll-e¼-X-al-¥Wl "-d½- ¥bl A-~o Iq-Sr hq-Nr-]¶r-|-WG. N-æ-\u-al-br _- ‡-�]¶-ˆ I-Y, I-er-X, Ivr-ho A-~r-e-br« ]-Xr-eu- ¥]l-�d a-ö-c-Ÿy hG-L-Sr-]¶r-|lG. _-ir-cl-Il-f ¥\-ˆ-Ÿ-¥j-buG Nl-æ-bl-ó-¥b-buG _-‡-�]¶-Su-Œr Nl†-ˆo \r†-˜r-|lG. Nl-æ al-]¶r-Mo, �]-br„trG-Ko, aq‚ ¥K½l-_o \r†-al-WG A-~r-e-buG \-S-ŒlG. c-kr-Xl-|-ju-¥S-¥bl "-[pl-]-I-cu-¥S-¥bl a-šo ]-cr-N-b-|l-cu-¥S-¥bl h-il-b-¥Œl-�S �N-…l-eu- ~ -B-Xl-\uG ‹-e†-Œ-\-Ÿy Nu-e-�S ¥N†-|u- ~u. e¼-Šr-¿-k-b \r-cs-k-WG "-al-el-hr-bu-�S ]r-¥š Zr-e-hG au-X« D-cu \r-§r- X z-d-Œo \r-~o N-æ-�\ \r-cs-kr-|u-I. Il-Wu- ~ N-æ-|-d-bu-�S #-Ç-Xr e-c-Àu-I. Dl-¥cl Zr-e-h-euG N-æ-|-d-Ào e-cu-~ #-Ç-Xr-br- du-¨ al-š-euG z-d-al-š-euG \r-cs-kr-N�o ¥c-J-�]¶-Su- Œu-I. ��_-¥\l-|u-d-¥tl �S-dr-ho-¥Il-¥]¶l <-]- ¥bl-Kr-|l-�a-£r« \r-cs-k-WG Iq-Su-X« Il-cp- k-a-al-|lG. N-æ a-»-er-d½o a-»-|l-d-Œo ¥a-L-Ÿy-|r-S-br-dq-�S Il-Wu-~ N- æ„, ‹-¥Xp-Ir-N�o ]q†-W-N-æ„ c-h-I-c-al-b D-cu Il-×-bl-Wo. I-ˆr Iu-t-ƒ �e-¨r ¥a-L-Ÿy al-\- Œu-›l-eu-¥œly N-æ-‹-` "-Xr« X-ˆr a-»-er-d½r-\o h-al-\-al-b e†-W-Ÿy <-›l-el-tu-›o. N-æ ]-cr-¥e-gG I-ˆr-Iu-t-ƒ ¥\†-Œ ¥a-L-Ÿy al-\-Œu-¨- ¥]¶ly N-æ-\o Nu-šuG e-dr-�bl-cu e¼-Œ-Œr« al-\- Œo Il-Wu-~ ‹-Il-f-‹-Xr-`l-h-al-Wo aq‚ il- �dl "-Y-el N-æ-]-cr-¥e-gG. ¥a-L-Œr-�d �A-ho Ær-î-du-I-jr« N-æ-c-f²r ]-Xr-N�l-Wo $-Xu-›l-eu-~- Xo. ]-cr-¥e-gG al-bl-�X A-ó h-a-bG \r-~u A-~- Xo ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œ-WG. D-cu hl-[l-c-W Ur-Pr-š« Ipl-a-t-br« $m Ì-fp-euG ]-I†-ŒlG. D-|y-¥ˆ-g„ N-æ-|-d-bu-�S �Xl-ˆ-Su-Œo \-k-ó-Ÿ-¥jl Ü-i- Ÿ-¥jl \«-Iu-~ Il-× Iq-ˆu-Il† I-›r-cr-|u-a- ¥d½l. "-]q†-e h-x†-`-Ÿ-jr« $-Œ-cG Xr-j-|-au- ¨ Ü-i-Ÿ-¥j-¥bl \-k-ó-Ÿ-¥j-¥bl N-æ„ a-t-N�o- �Il-›o I-S-~u ¥]l-IuG. $m ‹-Xr-`l-h-¥Œ-bl-Wo D-|y-¥ˆ-g„ A-~o er-jr-|u-~-Xo. Ü-i-Ÿ-�j N- æ„ 'D-|y-ˆo' �N-…u-~-XuG B-�t c-h-I-c-al-b Il-×-bl-Wo. ‹-[l-\-�]¶-ˆ D-|«-¥ˆ-g„ Xsb-Xr- Iy ]-ó-Ÿ-jr-duG $„t†-�\-šr-duG d-`p-al-el-tu-›o. "-Xu-]-¥bl-Kr-N�o `l-er-br-du-¨ ‹-[l-\ D-|«-¥ˆ- g-\u-Iy \r-cs-kr-N�o ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œu-I. a-IG, ¥cl- ir-Wr, ò-¥|-ˆ au-X-dl-b \-k-ó-Ÿ-�j N-æ„ ]- d-¥]¶l-»l-br ED-|«-ˆo' �N-…l-tu-›o. D-|«-¥ˆ-g„ Xu-S-Ÿu-~-XuG "-e-hl-\r-|u-~-XuG ‹-¥Xp-IG ¥c- J-�]¶-Su-Œ-WG. hq-]¶† aq-Wu-Iy N-æ„ `q-ar-|o Nu-šu-au-¨ "-Xr-�„t h-°l-c-Œr- \r-�S Nr-d Il-d-Ÿ-jr« `q-ar-¥bl-S-Su-ŒuG a-šo Nr-d- ¥]¶ly `q-ar-br« \r-~o "-I-~uG Il-W-�]¶-SuG. (�]- cr-Pr "-¥]½l-Pr) $-Xr« "-Su-�Œ-Œu-~ h-a-b- euG ]m†-War-buG D-cu-ar-N�u e-~l« "-�Xl-cu hq- ]¶† aq-Wl-br. (Nr-d hq-]¶† aq-Wu-Iy "-hl-[l-c-W- alG er-[G "-Su-|l-tu-›o) hl-[l-c-W B-Xl-›o 13 al- h-euG 18 Zr-e-h-euG #-Wo $-Xo #-e†-Œr-N�o e-cu-~- Xr-\u-¨ h-a-bG. hl-[l-c-W ]m†-W-ar-¥b-|ly 16% e-�c e-dr-]¶-euG 25% ¥Œl-jG Xr-j-|-euG hq-]¶† aq-Wu-Iy-|o Iq-Su-X-du-›l-euG. "-Su-Œ al-hG #-K-h´o 10¿\o e-cu-~ -]m†-W-ar hq-]¶† aq-Wl-Wo. "-Uv. AG.�I. g-|s« � [email protected] #-¥Kl-j-Xl-]-\euG Il-dl-e-zl-al-š-ŸjuG <- ›l-|u~- i-cr-X-Ý-i-el-X-I-Ÿ-�j-]¶-šrbuG "-e- br« ‹-[l-\rblb Il†-_‚ ��U-DlIo-��h- Ur-�\ (CO 2 ) D-Xu-|l-\u-¨ Nr-d hq-ó-ŸjuG I- »r-ƒ d-|-Œr« Iq-ˆu-Il† el-br-N�u-e-¥d½l. A- ~l« ^l-Å-tr-I-jr-�d `s-a„ ]u-I-|u-»-du-I-jr« \r~uG CO 2 edrb ¥Xl-Xr« "-�-cs-k-Œr-¥d- |o ]-S-cu-~u›o. 2006-¿ « 850 ¥Il-Sr �a-Ñr-Io S‚ CO 2 #-Wo "-�-cs-k-Œr« ]-S†-~-Xo. 2012-¿« "Xo 1000 ¥Il-Sr �a-Ñr-Io S‚ #-br <-b†~u! 2007¿-« 1366 ard½p‚ �a-Ñr-Io S‚ CO 2 #-Wo $- �p "-�-cs-k-Œr-¥d-|o er-ˆXo. 2011-¿« "Xo 1725 ard½p‚ #-br <-b†~u. i-cr-X-Ý-i-el-X-I-Ÿy \r-b-Ôr-|l„ 1997-¿« �A-Ip-cl-±-h-` ¥Ipl¥ˆl ¥‹l-¥ˆl-¥|ly(Cyto Protocol) e-»r \-S-]-Sr-Iy hvs-I-cr-N�r-ˆu›o. $-Ÿ-�\-bl-�W-£r« $m Il†-_‚-`qX- �Œ AŸ-�\ ]r-Sr|uG? `q-X-Œl-�\ Iu-]¶r-br-d- S-N� I-Y "-tr-br¥d½? "Xu-¥]l�d $m `q-X- ¥ŒbuG ]r-Sr-N�o `q-ar-|-Sr-br« $Sl„ er-Zp- bu›o.C C S A-~l-Wo $-Xr-�„t ¥]co(Carbon Capture and Storage). "-Xlb-Xo Il†_‚��U DlIo-��h-Ur-�\ Î-e-cq-]-Œr-dl-|r al-šr `q-ar-|- Sr-br« hq-kr-|u-~ �S-Io-\r|o. $-Xo hl- [pal¥Wl A-�~l~uG hG-f-br-¥|-›. "-¥a-cr-|-br« $-¥]¶ly 19 CCS bq-Wr- šu-Iy ‹-e†-Œr-|u-~u›o. Iq-Sl-�X Il\-U, Dl-ho-¥Ñ-dr-b, �Il-tr-b, ¥\l†�e, JŒ†, {r-ˆ‚ Xu-SŸr-b cl- Pp-Ÿ-jr-duG Il†_‚-�Il-’o er-P-b-I-c-al-br \- S-|u~u. <m†-P <-d¶l-Z-\-]½l„tuIy, cl-he-j¿ cl-h-e- h´u-\r†al-W ^l-Å-trIy, A-ü-fu-Šs-I-c-W-fl- dIy, ¥dl-i¿<-cu-|u-ep-ehl-b ^l-Å-tr-Iy au- X-dl-b-e-br« \r-~l-Wo Iq-Su-X-dlbuG CO 2 ]u-t- Œu-e-cu-~Xo. $Ÿ-�\ e-cu~ CO 2 - er-�\ a†-©G <]-¥bl-Kr-N�o Îl-e-I-cq-]-Œr-dl-|u-~u. $-Xr-�\ ��]]¶o-��d„ e»r¥bl el-i-\-Ÿy <-]-¥bl- Kr¥N�l �Il›u-¥]l-br `q-ar-|-Sr-br« $„-P-Io-šo �N-Âo hG-`-cr-|u~u. Nu-cu-Ÿrb-Xo D-cu Ir-¥dl-as- š† Xl-×-br-dlWo CO 2 ]l-t-Iy-|rSbr« hq-kr- ¥|-›Xo. ešr-b $-‡-\-J-\r-|-SuŒo $m CO 2 hG-`-cr-N�l« Iq-Su-X« $‡-\G Iu-»r-�N�-Su- |lG. \-˜u-�S cl- PpŒuG $-Xo zl-]r- |l-\l-Iu-�a-~o ]T-\- Ÿy \S-Œr I-�›- Œr-br-ˆu›o. A¥co-£ a-en\o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ {][m-\ hn√\mb Im¿-_¨ ssU-HmIv-ssk-Un-s\ sa-cp-°n-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈ kq-{X-amWv Cu e-°-Øn¬... "e�\ $Ÿ�\ ]r-Sr-|lG! Il†-_‚ a-ü-r-\-Sr-br-¥d-|o I-S-Œr-er-Su-~ <-]-IcWG
Transcript of 10ssteacher.webs.com/Vidya-18-JULY-2014 (1).pdf · E-mail: [email protected] 17e°w 2014 Pqe-m-bv...
1. N-cr-ól-Xs-X Il-dG au-X«-|u-X-�~ N-æ-�„t e¼-Šr-k-b-ŸyIl-d-\r†-W-b-Œr-\u-¨ D-cu-]l-[r-bl-br <-]-¥bl-Kr-N�r-cu-~u.
2. P†-a„ ¥Ppl-Xr�l-ð-É-\l-b¥Pl-i-\l-ho �I-]½† c-Nr-N� E¥hlG-\rbG'A-~ ¥\l-e-dr« N-æ-\r-�d hl-£-d¶r-IPs-er-I-�j-]¶-šr er-e-cr-|u-~u-›o.
3. \pq-ˆ-�„t Ku-cu-Xvl-I†-g-W \r-b-aG cq-]-�]¶-Su-Œu-~-Xr« Nl-æ-]T-\GB-�t ‹-¥bl-P-\-�]¶-ˆr-ˆu-›o.
4. q-ar-br« \r-~o N-æ-\r-¥d-|u-¨Zq-cG A-¥]¶l-»uG al-tr-�|l-›r-cr-|uG.
5. hq-cp„ N-æ-¥\-|ly A-ó-¥ble-du-Xl-�W-£r-duG e-j-�c "-I-�d #-b-Xu-�Il-›o Il-×-br« $-e-Ào c-›r-\uG D-¥c e-dr-]¶-al-Wo ¥Xl-~u-I. ]q†-W hq-cp-Ü-i-WG Im-Xu-I-al-eu-~-Xo
"-Xu-�Il-›l-Wo.6. hm-c-bq-Y Œr�d a-šo <-]-
Ü-i-Ÿ-jr« N-æ-\o "-°lG-zl-\-al-Wo.7. N-æ-\o ]r-t-Ir« (e-du-]¶-Œr-�„t
Il-cp-Œr«) B-Xl-›o 175 <-]-Ü-i-Ÿ-y $-¥]¶ly \-au-|-tr-blG.
8. N-æ-\r«-�|l-›u-¥]l-b er-Œu-Iy q-ar-br« �Il-›u-e-~o au-j-]¶r-N�u-›l-|r-b-Xl-Wo N-æ e¼-k-Ÿy. $-Œ-cG 400 Dl-jG e¼-k-Ÿy ¥dl-I-Œr-�„t er-er-[ l-K-Ÿ-jr-du-›o.
9. N-æ-�\-|u-tr-N�o ]Tr-|u-~ fl-ð-fl-J-bl-Wo �h-d-¥\l-j-Pr.
10. D-cu al-h-Œr« c-›o ]m†-W-ar<-�›-£r« c-›l-a-�Œ ]m†-W-ar-�b _½q aq‚ "-Y-el \s-dN�-æ„ A-~o er-jr-|u-~u.
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al-\-e-N-cr-ó-Œr-�d A-|l-d-�Œ-buG B-š-euG e-dr-b ¥\-ˆ-Ÿ-jr-�dl-~l-Wo a-i-Œl-b Nl-æ-er-P-bG. "-Xr-�„t 45¿lG el†-gr-I-al-Wo $m e-cu-~ Pq-dl-bo 21.Ku-il-el-hr-bl-br-cu-~ a-\u-gp-�\ K-K-\-Nl-cr-bl-|ral-šr ¥Kl-jl-�-c-Ÿ-jr« �e-~r-�|l-Sr ]l-tr-N� fl-ð-Œr-�„t er-P-b-Kl-Y-bl-W-Xo. 365 "-Sr \s-j-euG (36 \r-d �I-ˆr-S-Œr-�„t <-b-cG) 35 "-Sr-¥bl-jG epl-h-eu-au-¨ D-cu ]-Su-Iq-š„ ¥tl-|-šo 20 ¥Il-Sr Iu-Xr-c-f-¹r-¥bl-�S Zr-K-�-Ÿy ¥`-Zr-|u-~ iu-£l-c-au-b†-Œr-�|l-›o #-Il-f-Œr-�„t "-\-�-X-br-¥d-|o Iu-Xr-N�-¥]¶ly "-¥a-cr-| al-ó-a-d½ ¥dl-IG au-»u-e„ a-\u-gp„ A-~ er-fv-er-P-br-|o au-~r« fr-c-h·o \-ar-N�o \r-~u. "-œr-jr-al-a-�„t er-cr-al-tr« ]l-Z-au-Î "†-]¶r-N�o"-\-fv-c-\l-b \s« #G-ho-¥Ñl-Mo "-~o ]-t-ƒ el-|u-Iy ( a-\u-gp-\o Dcu �Ntr-b Il«-�e]¶o: A-~l« al-\-e-cl-fr-|o edr-�bl-cu Iu-Xr-N�u-Nl-ˆeuG!) a-\u-gp-\u-¨ Il-d-¥Œl-jG $m q-ar-br« au-»-Ÿr-�|l-›r-cr-|uG.
`q-ar-br« al-óG D-Xu-Ÿr \r-~r-cu-~u-�e-£r« \l-ar-~o Il-Wu-~ ¥\-ˆ-Ÿ-jr« ]-d-XuG a-\u-gp-cl-fr-|o d-`r-|u-al-br-cu-~r-d½. Nl-æ-bl-ó D-cu ¥e-j D-cu hv-]³l-S-\Im-Xu-I-al-br-cu-~u-�e-£r-duG $-~-Xr-\o \r-c-e-[r ‹l-¥bl-Kr-I au-J-Ÿ-ju-›o.
N-æ-\r-�d [l-Xu \r-¥k-]-Ÿy, l-er-br-�d <m†-ª d-`p-X, Nl-æ-¥Il-j-\r, _-ir-cl-Il-f Sq-tr-hG, ¥Ppl-
Xr-�l-ð ]T-\G au-X-dl-b ¥a-J-d-I-jr« N-æ„ er-d-a-Xr-|l„ I-»r-bl-Œ h-œ-Œl-Wo. al-ó-a-d½ N-æ-�„tùu-e-‹-¥Z-f-�Œ P-d hl-~r-[pG (ir-a-cq-]-Œr-dl-�W-£r« ¥]l-duG) <-cu-|r P-d-al-|r D-cu I-e-Nr-X Iq-Sl-c-Œr-�d \s†-Œ-S-al-|r al-šl-\uG "-Ÿ-�\ q-ar-bu-�SD-cu �Il-N�u-]-Xr-]¶o N-æ-\r« ì-gµr-|l-\uG a-\u-gp-\o ]-Š-Xr-bu-›o.
EN-æ-\r«' D-~l-a-Xo1. N-æ-\r« ]†-e-X-Ÿy <-�›-~o #-ZpG ]-t-ƒ-Xo- --
¿ --Üs-|o X-Œv-Él-\r-bl-b U-¥al-Æl-š-ho.2. \-á-¥\-óG �Il-›o N-æ-a-l]¶o #-ZpG X-…l-tl-|r-b-
Xo ¿ U-_o-jrbq. Kr«-_†-ˆo.3. N-æ-�„t #-Zp �S-d-ho-¥Il-]¶r-Io al-]¶o X-…l-tl-|r-
b-Xo ¿¥Xl-a-ho il-cr-b- o (1609).4. N-æ-]†-e-X-Ÿ-ju-�S <-b-cG "-j-|l„ #-ZpG â-
ar-N�-Xo ¿K-ds-dr-¥bl K-ds-dr.5. #-Zp N-æ ¥^l-¥ˆl-Ü- l^†- ¿�P. U-_o-jrbq.
ël]¶†(1840).6. N-æ-\r-¥d-|-b-N� #-Zp el-i-\G¿ B-_ry 1 (1958¿-
bu.A-ho.)¿-]-cl-P-bG7. N-æ-\r-¥d-|-b-N�o er-P-br-N� #-Zp el-i-\G¿
dq-W- 1 (1959)8. N-æ-\o Nu-šuG #-ZpG h-°-cr-N� a-\u-gp„ I-b-tr-b
el-i-\G ¿"-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿8 (1968)9. #-ZpG N-æ-\r-dr-t-Ÿr-b a-\u-gp„-¿ \s« #G-ho-
¥Ñl-Mo.10. N-æ-\r« \r-~l-Zp-al-br hlœr-ju-al-br Xr-cr-�N�-
Œr-b el-i-\G-¿dq-W-¿16.
1972¿« "-¥]¶l-¥jl ]-Š-Xr-br-�d "-e-hl-\-�Œ K-K-\-Nl-cr-buG N-æ-¥\l-So er-S-]-t-ƒ-¥Xl-�S Nl-æ-]T-\G B-�t-|u-�t er-ï-Xr-br-dl-›u. "-Xr-\r-�S 1994¿« "-¥a-cr-|-bu-�S _-ir-cl-Il-f el-i-\-al-b I½-a-��„t„ N-æ-�„tZ-kr-W ùu-e-‹-¥Z-f-Œo ir-a-¥f-J-c-Ÿy I-�›-Œr-b-XoNl-æ-]T-\-Œr-\o ]u-Œ-\u-W†-¥e-Ir. Xu-S†-~o P-]¶l„,��N-\, $-�p au-X-dl-b cl-Pp-Ÿy Iq-Sr N-æ-]T-\-d-kp-eu-al-br cG-K-Œu e-~u. l-c-X-Œr-�„t Nl-æ-el-i-\-al-b N-æ-bl„-¿1 N-æ-\r« ]T-\G \-S-Œr-b-XuG P-d-hl-~r-[pG I-�›-Œr-b-XuG "-Su-Œ Il-d-Œl-br-cu-~u-e-¥d½l. B-š-
euG "-Su-Œ Il-d-Œo N-æ-]T-\-Œr« B†-�]¶-ˆ _-ir-cl-Il-f el-i-\-al-Wo \l-h-bu-�S ¥d-Ur LADEE (Lunar AtmosphericDust Environment Experiment). N-æ-\r« <«-|l-]-X-\G aq-dG<-›l-eu-~ [q-js]S-d-Ÿ-�j ]-šr $m el-i-\G \r-c-e-[r ]T-\G
\-S-Œr-br-ˆu-›o. $-|-»r-ƒB-‹r« 15¿-�d ]q†-W N-æ-Ü-i-WG E¥d-Ur' N-æ-\r« �e-N�oX-�~ I-›u-e-¥ó! $-Xr-\l-br au„-Iq-ˆr X-…l�tSu-|lŒXu�Il-›o q-ar-bu-�S\r-»-dr« �Il-SuG X-Wu-]¶r«Iq-cr-cu-ˆr« \l-do a-Wr-|q†h-a-bG I-»r-N�u Iq-¥ˆ-›r e-~u. I-»r-ƒ al-hG $m ¥]-S-I-�Œ E\l-h' \r-go-|-cu-WGN-æ-\r« $-Sr-N�u X-I†-Œu-I-j-ƒu. (]-cs-k-W-Œr-�„t`l-K-al-br-cu-~u $m $-Sr-|«) "-Xr-�„t er-f-Z er-e-c-Ÿy N-æ-�\ Nu-šr-�|l-›r-cr-|u-~ \l-h-bu-�S dq-Wl† tr-�|l-��W-h„-ho Dl†-_r-šo(LRO) �d ��i t-h-dq-gp„Ipl-a-t-Iy ]-I†-Œr-br-ˆu-›o.
N{µ-s\¡pdn-¨v Imcy§Ä10
-]T-\- n\v ]p-Xn-b ap-Jw
X…l-tl-|rbXo:hu-¥c-æ„ ]u-~-¥�-cr
�S-dr-ho-¥Il-]¶o I-›u-]r-Sr-|u-~-Xr-\oau„-]u X-�~ Km-c-e-]q†-W-al-b Nl-æ-\r-cs-k-WG \-S-Œr-br-cu-~u A-£r-duG K-ds-dr-¥bl X-�„t �S-drho-¥Il-]¶o N-æ-\r-¥d-|o Xr-cr-N�u-�e-N�-Xo au-X-dl-Wo Nl-æ-]T-\-Œr-\o D-cu ]u-Xr-b al-\G ��I-e-~-Xo. hu-au-J-\l-b N-
æ„ e-hq-cr-|-d _l-[r-N�-¥]l-�d Iu-›uG Iu-»r-I-juG \r-t-ƒ er-cq-]-\l-�W-~ h-XpG ¥dl-IG Xr-cr-N�-tr-ƒu. Xu-S†-~o N-æ-�\ \r-cs-kr-|l„ �S-drho-¥Il-]¶u-I-ju-�S D-cu e-œ„ ]-S X-�~ \r-c-~u. B-Xl-\uG \q-šl-›u-Iy "-Ÿ-�\ I-»r-ƒu."-¥]¶l-»uG N-æ-\r-�d-Œu-I A-~-Xo a-\u-gp-�„tD-cu hv-]³-al-br-Œ-�~ "-e-¥f-gr-N�u.
1957 D-¥Ål-_† 4¿-\o ¥hl-er-b-šo t-gp-bu-�S h¶u-So-\r-Io er-¥k-]r-N�-¥Xl-�S m-al-I†-g-WG er- o ]u-t-Œu I-S-|l-\u-¨ ‹l-¥bl-Kr-I Él-\G a-\u-gp„ ¥\-Sr-�b-Su-Œu. 1958 au-X« ¥hl-er-b-šo t-gp-buG "-¥a-cr-|-buG D-cu a-ö-c-Œr-�d-~-¥]l-�dN-æ-\r-¥d-|o ¥tl-|-šu-Iy �Xl-Su-Œu-er-ˆu. $m
fs-X h-a-c-Œr-\r-�S D-cu Z-f-I-Œr-\u-¨r« X-�~ D-c-¥a-cr-|-|l-c-�\ N-æ-\r-dr-t-|u-�a-~ "-¥a-cr-|„ ‹-hr-U-›r-�„t [s-c-al-b ‹-h´l-e-\-buG e-~u. "-Ÿ-�\ _-ir-cl-Il-f N-cr-ó-Œr-�d B-š-euG _n-
i-Œl-b E"-¥]¶l-¥jl' ]-Š-Xr#-hq-ó-WG �N-Âu. $m ]-Š-Xr-br-�d \r-c-e-[r _-ir-cl-Il-f el-i-\-Ÿ-jr« B-š-euG ‹-f-h´G "-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿11 #-Wo. Il-
c-WG "-Xl-Wo a-\u-gp-�\ N-æ-\r-dr-t-|r-b-Xo. 1969Pq-dlbo 16-¿\o "-¥a-cr-|-br-�d o-¥jl-tr-U-br« \r-~l-Wo "-¥]¶l-¥jl¿ 11 er-¥k-]r-N�Xo. \s« #G-ho-¥ÑlMo, A-Uvr„ #«-ër„, ��a-|« ¥Il-jr„-ho A-~r-e-cl-br-cu-~u Zm-Xp-hG-L-Œr« <-›l-br-cu-~Xo. Pq-dlbo 21¿\o #G-ho-¥ÑlŸuG #«-ër-\u-G N-æ-\r-dr-t-Ÿr.
]r-~sSo "-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿12, 14, 15, 16, 17 A-~s ¥]-S-I-Ÿy a-\u-gp-�\ N-æ-\r-�d-Œr-|l„ h-il-br-N�u.$-Xr« "-¥]¶l-¥jl-¿13 al-óG ]-cl-P-b-�]¶-ˆu.1972¿« "-¥]¶l-¥jl ]-Š-Xr "-e-hl-\r-N�u. $-|l-d-Œo ¥hl-er-b-šo bq-\r-b„ #-jr-d½l-Œ _-ir-cl-Il-f el-i-\G N-æ-\r-dr-t-|r-�|l-›o "-e-cu-�S ar-I-eo �X-jr-br-N�u. B-Xl-›o "-c \q-šl-›o au„-]-�Œfl-ð hl-¥£-Xr-I er-Zp-I-jl-Wo $-Xr-\o <-]-¥bl-K-�]¶-Su-Œr-b-Xo A-¥~l†-|-WG.
"¥]¶l¥jl -Nl-æ-bl-ó \-SŒr-b e»r. Iu-Xr-N�u-b-cu-~ ¥tl-|-šo `q-ar-�b D-cu X-e-W e-dG e-N�r-ˆl-Wo N-æ-\r-¥d-|o ¥]l-Iu-~-Xo. aS|-bl-ó-br« N-æ-�\ D-cu X-e-W e-dG e-N�r-ˆl-Wo `q-ar-br-¥d-|o Iu-Xr-|u-~-Xo.
#«ër„, ¥Il-jr„ho, #G-ho-¥Ñl-Mo A-~re†o
Pq-em-bv 21˛-Nm-{µ-Zn-\w. a-\p-jy≥ N-{µ-\n¬ Im-ep-Ip-Øn-bn-´v 45 h¿-jw
]n-∂n-Sp-∂p.
XpS-°w sS-enkv-tIm-∏n¬
\n∂v !
Kdsdr¥bl
A-�r-\o N-æ-\r« ¥]l-I-WG?
]T-\-{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ N{µ-\p-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v Iq-´p-Im¿-°v sN-øm-hp-∂ Nn-e ]T-\-{]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ C-Xm...
\l-h-bu-�S ¥d-Ur
A-ju-]¶-Œr« \r-cs-kr-|l-eu-~ #-Il-f ¥Kl-j-al-Wo N-æ„. \r-cs-k-W-Œr-\o D-cu U-b-tr #-e-fp-al-Wo. "-Xr« z-dG, h-a-bG, XsbXr, A-~re ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œ-WG. #-Il-fG ¥a-Ll-e¼-X-al-¥Wl "-d½-¥bl A-~o Iq-Sr hq-Nr-]¶r-|-WG. N-æ-\u-al-br _-‡-�]¶-ˆ I-Y, I-er-X, Ivr-ho A-~r-e-br« ]-Xr-eu-¥]l-�d a-ö-c-Ÿy hG-L-Sr-]¶r-|lG. _-ir-cl-Il-f¥\-ˆ-Ÿ-¥j-buG Nl-æ-bl-ó-¥b-buG _-‡-�]¶-Su-ŒrNl†-ˆo \r†-˜r-|lG. Nl-æ al-]¶r-Mo, �]-br„trG-Ko,aq‚ ¥K½l-_o \r†-al-WG A-~r-e-buG \-S-ŒlG.
c-kr-Xl-|-ju-¥S-¥bl "-[pl-]-I-cu-¥S-¥bl a-šo]-cr-N-b-|l-cu-¥S-¥bl h-il-b-¥Œl-�S �N-…l-eu-~ -B-Xl-\uG ‹-e†-Œ-\-Ÿy Nu-e-�S ¥N†-|u-~u.
e¼-Šr-¿-k-b \r-cs-k-WG"-al-el-hr-bu-�S ]r-¥š Zr-e-hG au-X« D-cu \r-§r-X z-d-Œo \r-~o N-æ-�\ \r-cs-kr-|u-I. Il-Wu-~ N-æ-|-d-bu-�S #-Ç-Xr e-c-Àu-I.
Dl-¥cl Zr-e-h-euG N-æ-|-d-Ào e-cu-~ #-Ç-Xr-br-du-¨ al-š-euG z-d-al-š-euG \r-cs-kr-N�o ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œu-I. ��_-¥\l-|u-d-¥tl �S-dr-ho-¥Il-¥]¶l <-]-¥bl-Kr-|l-�a-£r« \r-cs-k-WG Iq-Su-X« Il-cp-k-a-al-|lG.
N-æ a-»-er-d½oa-»-|l-d-Œo ¥a-L-Ÿy-|r-S-br-dq-�S Il-Wu-~ N-æ„, ‹-¥Xp-Ir-N�o ]q†-W-N-æ„ c-h-I-c-al-b D-cuIl-×-bl-Wo. I-ˆr Iu-t-ƒ �e- r ¥a-L-Ÿy al-\-Œu-›l-eu-¥œly N-æ-‹-` "-Xr« X-ˆr a-»-er-d½r-\oh-al-\-al-b e†-W-Ÿy <-›l-el-tu-›o.
N-æ ]-cr-¥e-gGI-ˆr-Iu-t-ƒ ¥\†-Œ ¥a-L-Ÿy al-\-Œu-¨-¥]¶ly N-æ-\o Nu-šuG e-dr-�bl-cu e¼-Œ-Œr« al-\-Œo Il-Wu-~ ‹-Il-f-‹-Xr-`l-h-al-Wo aq‚ il-�dl "-Y-el N-æ-]-cr-¥e-gG. ¥a-L-Œr-�d �A-hoÆr-î-du-I-jr« N-æ-c-f²r ]-Xr-N�l-Wo $-Xu-›l-eu-~-Xo. ]-cr-¥e-gG al-bl-�X A-ó h-a-bG \r-~u A-~-Xo ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œ-WG. D-cu hl-[l-c-W Ur-Pr-š«Ipl-a-t-br« $m Ì-fp-euG ]-I†-ŒlG.
D-|y-¥ˆ-g„N-æ-|-d-bu-�S �Xl- -Su-Œo \-k-ó-Ÿ-¥jl Ü-i-Ÿ-¥jl \«-Iu-~ Il-× Iq- u-Il† I-›r-cr-|u-a-¥d½l. "-]q†-e h-x†-`-Ÿ-jr« $-Œ-cG Xr-j-|-au-¨ Ü-i-Ÿ-¥j-¥bl \-k-ó-Ÿ-¥j-¥bl N-æ„ a-t-N�o-�Il-›o I-S-~u ¥]l-IuG. $m ‹-Xr-`l-h-¥Œ-bl-Wo
D-|y-¥ˆ-g„ A-~o er-jr-|u-~-Xo. Ü-i-Ÿ-�j N-æ„ 'D-|y-ˆo' �N-…u-~-XuG B-�t c-h-I-c-al-bIl-×-bl-Wo. ‹-[l-\-�]¶-ˆ D-|«-¥ˆ-g„ Xsb-Xr-Iy ]-ó-Ÿ-jr-duG $„t†-�\-šr-duG d-`p-al-el-tu-›o."-Xu-]-¥bl-Kr-N�o l-er-br-du-¨ ‹-[l-\ D-|«-¥ˆ-g-\u-Iy \r-cs-kr-N�o ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œu-I. a-IG, ¥cl-ir-Wr, ò-¥|-ˆ au-X-dl-b \-k-ó-Ÿ-�j N-æ„ ]-d-¥]¶l-»l-br ED-|«-ˆo ' �N-…l-tu-›o. D-|«-¥ˆ-g„Xu-S-Ÿu-~-XuG "-e-hl-\r-|u-~-XuG ‹-¥Xp-IG ¥c-J-�]¶-Su-Œ-WG.
hq-]¶† aq-Wu-IyN-æ„ q-ar-|o Nu-šu-au-¨ "-Xr-�„t h-°l-c-Œr-\r-�S Nr-d Il-d-Ÿ-jr« q-ar-¥bl-S-Su-ŒuG a-šo Nr-d-¥]¶ly q-ar-br« \r-~o "-I-~uG Il-W-�]¶-SuG. (�]-cr-Pr "-¥]½l-Pr) $-Xr« "-Su-�Œ-Œu-~ h-a-b-euG ]m†-War-buG D-cu-ar-N�u e-~l« "-�Xl-cu hq-]¶† aq-Wl-br. (Nr-d hq-]¶† aq-Wu-Iy "-hl-[l-c-W-alG er-[G "-Su-|l-tu-›o) hl-[l-c-W B-Xl-›o 13 al-h-euG 18 Zr-e-h-euG #-Wo $-Xo #-e†-Œr-N�o e-cu-~-Xr-\u-¨ h-a-bG. hl-[l-c-W ]m†-W-ar-¥b-|ly16% e-�c e-dr-]¶-euG 25% ¥Œl-jG Xr-j-|-euG hq-]¶†aq-Wu-Iy-|o Iq-Su-X-du-›l-euG. "-Su-Œ al-hG#-K-h´o 10¿\o e-cu-~ -]m†-W-ar hq-]¶† aq-Wl-Wo.
"-Uv. AG.�I. g-|s«�[email protected]
#-¥Kl-j-Xl-]-\euG Il-dl-e-zl-al-š-ŸjuG <-›l-|u~- i-cr-X-Ý-i-el-X-I-Ÿ-�j-]¶-šrbuG "-e-br« ‹-[l-\rblb Il†-_‚ ��U-DlIo-��h-Ur-�\ (CO2) D-Xu-|l-\u-¨ Nr-d hq-ó-ŸjuG I-»r-ƒ d-|-Œr« Iq-ˆu-Il† el-br-N�u-e-¥d½l. A-~l« l-Å-tr-I-jr-�d s-a„ ]u-I-|u-»-du-I-jr«\r~uG CO2edrb ¥Xl-Xr« "-�-cs-k-Œr-¥d-|o ]-S-cu-~u›o. 2006-¿ « 850 ¥Il-Sr �a-Ñr-Io S‚CO2 #-Wo "-�-cs-k-Œr« ]-S†-~-Xo. 2012-¿«"Xo 1000 ¥Il-Sr �a-Ñr-Io S‚ #-br <-b†~u!2007¿-« 1366 ard½p‚ �a-Ñr-Io S‚ CO2 #-Wo $-�p "-�-cs-k-Œr-¥d-|o er-ˆXo. 2011-¿« "Xo 1725ard½p‚ #-br <-b†~u. i-cr-X-Ý-i-el-X-I-Ÿy\r-b-Ôr-|l„ 1997-¿« �A-Ip-cl-±-h-` ¥Ipl¥ˆl¥‹l-¥ˆl-¥|ly(Cyto Protocol) e-»r \-S-]-Sr-Iyhvs-I-cr-N�r-ˆu›o.
$-Ÿ-�\-bl-�W-£r« $m Il†-_‚-`qX-�Œ AŸ-�\ ]r-Sr|uG? q-X-Œl-�\ Iu-]¶r-br-d-S-N� I-Y "-tr-br¥d½? "Xu-¥]l�d $m q-X-¥ŒbuG ]r-Sr-N�o q-ar-|-Sr-br« $Sl„ er-Zp-
bu›o.C C S A-~l-Wo $-Xr-�„t ¥]co(CarbonCapture and Storage). "-Xlb-Xo Il†_‚��UDlIo-��h-Ur-�\ Î-e-cq-]-Œr-dl-|r al-šr q-ar-|-
Sr-br« hq-kr-|u-~ �S-Io-\r|o. $-Xo hl-[pal¥Wl A-�~l~uG hG-f-br-¥|-›."-¥a-cr-|-br« $-¥]¶ly 19 CCS bq-Wr-šu-Iy ‹-e†-Œr-|u-~u›o. Iq-Sl-�XIl\-U, Dl-ho-¥Ñ-dr-b, �Il-tr-b,¥\l†�e, JŒ†, {r-ˆ‚ Xu-SŸr-b cl-
Pp-Ÿ-jr-duG Il†_‚-�Il-’o er-P-b-I-c-al-br \-
S-|u~u.<m†-P <-d¶l-Z-\-]½l„tuIy, cl-he-j¿ cl-h-e-
h´u-\r†al-W l-Å-trIy, A-ü-fu-Šs-I-c-W-fl-dIy, ¥dl-i¿<-cu-|u-ep-ehl-b l-Å-tr-Iy au-X-dl-b-e-br« \r-~l-Wo Iq-Su-X-dlbuG CO2 ]u-t-Œu-e-cu-~Xo. $Ÿ-�\ e-cu~ CO2- er-�\ a†-©G<]-¥bl-Kr-N�o Îl-e-I-cq-]-Œr-dl-|u-~u. $-Xr-�\��]]¶o-��d„ e»r¥bl el-i-\-Ÿy <-]-¥bl-Kr¥N�l �Il›u-¥]l-br q-ar-|-Sr-br« $„-P-Io-šo�N-Âo hG-`-cr-|u~u. Nu-cu-Ÿrb-Xo D-cu Ir-¥dl-as-š† Xl-×-br-dlWo CO2 ]l-t-Iy-|rSbr« hq-kr-¥|-›Xo. ešr-b $-‡-\-J-\r-|-SuŒo $m CO2hG-`-cr-N�l« Iq-Su-X«$‡-\G Iu-»r-�N�-Su-|lG. \-˜u-�S cl-PpŒuG $-Xo zl-]r-|l-\l-Iu-�a-~o ]T-\-Ÿy \S-Œr I-�›-Œr-br-ˆu›o.
A¥co-£ a-en\o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ {][m-\hn√\mb Im¿-_¨ ssU-HmIv-ssk-Un-s\sa-cp-°n-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈ kq-{X-amWv Cu e-°-Øn¬...
"e�\ $Ÿ�\]r-Sr-|lG!
Il†-_‚ a-ü-r-\-Sr-br-¥d-|o I-S-Œr-er-Su-~ <-]-IcWG
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