CONSTANTS

R = 8.314 Kmol

J

⋅ F = −⋅ emolV

J96,500 = −emolCoul96,500 Kw = 1.0 × 10 -14 at 25 °C

EQUATIONS

Kp = Kc (RT)Δn pH = pKa + log ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡

acidc.base K = ⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛

rkk f

ln ⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛

0

t

]A[]A[

= - k t t1/2 = k693.0

t]A[

1 = k t + 0]A[

1 t1/2 = 0]A[

1k

ln k = -REa ⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛

T1 + ln Α ln ⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛

2

1

kk =

REa

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−

12 T1

T1

ΔSsurr = THsysΔ

− ΔStot = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

ΔG° = -n F E° ΔG° = -RT ln K

E = E° - Fn

RT ln Q or E = E° - n

0.0592 log Q or E = E° - n

0.0257 ln Q

Eo = Fn

RT ln K or E° = n

0.0592 log K or E° = n

0.0257 ln K